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Arinata, Dhimas; Teguh, Wahyono

IT-Explore: Jurnal Penerapan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi 2026 Fakultas Teknologi Informasi, Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana

Digitalization in the fitness industry is increasingly essential to improve efficiency and service quality. However, many fitness centers still manage data manually, including KRESNA GYM, which faces challenges in member registration, workout scheduling, and facility information delivery. This study aims to design a web-based e-fitness application using the Laravel framework to support digital service management. The development follows the Waterfall model through stages of requirement analysis, design, implementation, testing, and evaluation. The application includes features such as a landing page, admin/member login and registration, management dashboards, workout schedules, equipment guides, and supplement listings. Black-box testing confirms that all features function as expected. This system simplifies administrative processes and enhances member experience, making it effective in supporting digital transformation at KRESNA GYM.

Mariyatul Kiftiyah; Kafidin Muzakki

JURNAL EKONOMI BISNIS DAN MANAJEMEN (JISE) 2026 CV. ALIM'SPUBLISHING

This study examines the transformation of financial management through the implementation of digital accounting in PPOB (Payment Point Online Bank) businesses, which still face manual recording problems such as input errors, delayed reconciliations, and data discrepancies. The research used a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach involving PPOB agents in Sidoarjo. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings show that digital accounting significantly improves operational efficiency through automated transaction recording, real-time data integration, and faster as well as more accurate reconciliation processes. In addition, features such as automatic validation, API integration, and audit trails help minimize recording errors and maintain data consistency. The implementation of digital accounting also supports transparency and improves the quality of financial information used in decision-making. Although challenges remain regarding agents’ technological understanding and infrastructure readiness, overall implementation has provided positive impacts on financial management effectiveness and business operations in PPOB services, making processes more efficient, accurate, and reliable.

Abdul Hasan; Zahra Nauli; Zam Zarinah; Leni Sulistia Ningsih; Aprizal Ahmad +1 more

Educational planning management is an essential process in managing educational institutions to achieve educational goals effectively and efficiently. One form of implementing educational planning management is through the preparation of the Madrasah Work Plan (RKM) and School Work Plan (RKS). This article aims to describe the concept of educational planning management through the preparation of RKM/RKS, their objectives, preparation processes, and implementation in schools and madrasahs. The research method used is library research with a qualitative descriptive approach by collecting data from books, scientific journals, government regulations, and other supporting documents. The results of the study indicate that RKM/RKS has a strategic role as a guideline for implementing educational programs, a basis for decision-making, an evaluation tool, and an instrument for improving the quality of education. The preparation of RKM/RKS is carried out systematically through team formation, school/madrasah self-evaluation, formulation of priority programs, preparation of medium-term and annual work plans, and budgeting plans. Proper implementation of RKM/RKS can improve the effectiveness of educational management, accountability, transparency, and the quality of educational services in schools and madrasahs.

Damayanti, Nadia; Puspasari, Shinta; Suhandi, Nazori

Teknik: Jurnal Ilmu Teknik dan Informatika 2026 LPPM Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi - Studi Ekonomi Modern

Nature tourism is one of the sectors that plays an important role in supporting the development of regional tourism, including in Lahat Regency, which has significant waterfall tourism potential. Currently, many visitors share their reviews and experiences through digital platforms such as Google Maps. This review can be used as a source of information to understand the public's evaluation of the quality of tourist attractions. This study aims to examine public perception of tourist attractions in Lahat Regency using the Support Vector Machine (SVM) method. Research data were collected through scraping from Google Maps, totaling 500 reviews from five tourist attractions, namely Curup Maung, Curup Buluh, Senyawe Waterfall, Panjang Waterfall, and Green Canyon. The research stages include data preprocessing, consisting of cleaning, case folding, normalization, tokenization, stopword removal, and stemming. After that, feature extraction was carried out using the TF-IDF method and the classification process using the SVM algorithm. Based on the research results, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) method is able to perform sentiment classification quite well, although the accuracy level varies for each tourist attraction. Curup Maung and Panjang Waterfall achieved the highest accuracy level of 90%. Nevertheless, most visitor reviews were dominated by negative sentiments. This indicates that there are still several aspects that need to be improved, particularly related to tourist facilities and services. This research is expected to serve as a consideration for tourism managers and local governments in efforts to improve management quality as well as the development of tourism in Lahat Regency.

Nuraini Nuraini; Muhammad Syukran Yamin Lubis

Birokrasi: JURNAL ILMU HUKUM DAN TATA NEGARA 2026 Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Administrasi (STIA) Yappi Makassar

This study aims to analyze the implementation of good governance principles in digital population administration services in Medan Marelan Subdistrict from the perspective of Administrative Law. The background of this research is based on the importance of digital transformation in public services through the Electronic-Based Government System (SPBE) to enhance transparency, accountability, effectiveness, and efficiency. However, in practice, several obstacles are still encountered, such as limited infrastructure, network disruptions, and limited human resources. This research employs an empirical legal research method with both empirical and statutory approaches. Data were collected through field research, including interviews with subdistrict officials and the community, as well as library research involving laws, regulations, and relevant literature. The data were analyzed qualitatively to examine the conformity between the implementation of services and the principles of good governance and general principles of good administration (AUPB). The results show that the implementation of good governance principles in digital population services in Medan Marelan Subdistrict has not been fully optimal. This is indicated by challenges in information transparency, system effectiveness, and limitations in human resources and infrastructure. Nevertheless, digital services have provided convenience for the community in accessing population administration services. In conclusion, improvements in human resources quality, technological infrastructure, and the strengthening of supervision and evaluation mechanisms are necessary to achieve public services that align with good governance principles.

Chaneda Naela Karima; Sani Rahman Soleman; Vita Widyasari

Jurnal Riset Rumpun Ilmu Kedokteran 2026 Pusat riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Maternal hypertension remains one of the major contributors to maternal morbidity and mortality in Indonesia and globally. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence, mortality trends, and geographical disparities of maternal hypertension in Indonesia during the 2022–2023 period. The research employed a descriptive design using secondary data obtained from official reports of the Indonesian Ministry of Health, national health surveys, and Maternal Perinatal Death Notification (MPDN) data. Data analysis was conducted descriptively by examining prevalence rates, maternal mortality due to hypertension, regional distribution, and temporal trends across provinces in Indonesia. The findings showed a slight but consistent decline in both the prevalence and mortality rates of maternal hypertension from 2022 to 2023 in most provinces. However, significant regional disparities remained evident. Provinces in eastern Indonesia, including Papua Barat, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Maluku, and several provinces in Sulawesi and Kalimantan, consistently recorded higher prevalence and mortality rates compared to provinces in Java and Bali. Meanwhile, provinces with better healthcare infrastructure and maternal referral systems demonstrated lower mortality outcomes. The study also revealed a strong association between high prevalence and increased maternal mortality, indicating the importance of healthcare accessibility, antenatal care quality, and emergency obstetric services in reducing maternal health burdens. These findings emphasize the need for region-specific maternal health interventions, improved healthcare distribution, early detection programs, and strengthened referral systems to reduce maternal hypertension disparities and improve maternal health outcomes in Indonesia.

Yulianti Taib; Asna Aneta; Sri Yulianty Mozin

International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Reviews 2026 Asosiasi Penelitian dan Pengajar Ilmu Sosial Indonesia

This study examines the performance of student administrative services in the Society 5.0 era at the Bureau of Academic Affairs, Student Affairs, and Planning of Gorontalo State University, focusing on scholarship services. It addresses the need for accessible, responsive, transparent, inclusive, and student-centered administrative services in higher education. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis. Informants included bureau leaders, scholarship and financial aid administrators, operational officers, and students receiving various scholarship schemes. Thematic analysis was conducted through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, while validity was ensured through source triangulation, method triangulation, and member checking. The findings show that accessibility has improved through service counters, websites, social media, WhatsApp, online forms, SIMPEL BAKP, and coordination with faculties and study programs. However, information remains fragmented, digital standard operating procedures are not uniform, and disability-inclusive access is limited. Responsiveness is supported by direct and digital communication, but it lacks a dedicated complaint system, automatic notifications, selection-status dashboards, and real-time disbursement tracking. Service quality is perceived as fairly good because students experience professional, friendly, and fair treatment. Nevertheless, service documentation, procedural standardization, staff training, and humanistic technology integration need strengthening. The study concludes that scholarship administration should be transformed into a centralized, inclusive, responsive, transparent, and student-centered digital-humanistic service model.

Nasir Nasir

Student Scientific Creativity Journal 2026 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

The development of information technology has encouraged the transformation of government administration toward digital-based governance, including correspondence management systems. Digital correspondence governance plays an important role in improving administrative effectiveness, bureaucratic efficiency, and the quality of public services. However, the implementation of digital correspondence systems in local government institutions still faces several challenges, including limited system integration, inadequate human resource capacity, and unstandardized electronic archive management. This study aims to analyze and construct a digital correspondence governance model in realizing administrative effectiveness at Dinas Komunikasi, Informatika, Statistik dan Persandian Kabupaten Gowa. This study employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive research type. Data collection techniques were conducted through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Research informants were selected using purposive sampling techniques, while data analysis employed the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña through data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that the implementation of digital correspondence governance has improved the speed of document disposition, administrative efficiency, accessibility of documents, and organizational work coordination. However, the implementation has not been fully optimal due to constraints in system integration, human resource capacity, and digital archive management. This study produced a digital correspondence governance model emphasizing the strengthening of information technology, enhancement of employee competence, integration of administrative systems, and development of a digital work culture. It is recommended that government institutions strengthen the integration of digital correspondence systems, improve employee competencies, and establish sustainable electronic archive management standards.

Dina Hakiki; Sudi M. Al Sasongko; Made Sutha Yadnya

Jurnal Riset Rumpun Ilmu Teknik 2026 Pusat riset dan Inovasi Nasional

This study investigates the performance of Internet of Things (IoT)-based monitoring systems using a mobile hotspot and IoT sensors for temperature and humidity data transmission. The research is based on the IoT concept, which enables electronic devices to communicate and exchange data through internet networks without direct human intervention. System performance was evaluated using standard Quality of Service (QoS) parameters, including throughput, packet loss, delay, and jitter. The experimental setup utilized a NodeMCU ESP32 microcontroller and a DHT22 sensor, with measurements conducted at various transmission distances through wireless communication media. The objective was to determine the reliability of hotspot connectivity and sensor communication in supporting IoT applications. The results indicate that the optimal performance was achieved at a distance of 20 meters using a 40-lambda variation. Furthermore, the communication signal between the ESP32 device and the mobile hotspot remained detectable up to a maximum distance of 32 meters. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed IoT system for environmental monitoring applications within specific transmission ranges.

Moh Sya'roni; Zaini Zaini; Mohammad Nurul Huda

Birokrasi: JURNAL ILMU HUKUM DAN TATA NEGARA 2026 Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Administrasi (STIA) Yappi Makassar

Digital transformation in the judicial system represents a strategic step to improve the quality of legal services in Indonesia. One of the innovations implemented by the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia is the E-Court system, which enables case administration and court proceedings to be conducted electronically. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the implementation of E-Court in realizing the principles of simple, fast, and low-cost justice, as well as to identify the obstacles faced by parties who do not utilize the system. The research method employed is a normative legal approach, involving the analysis of statutory regulations and scholarly literature. The results indicate that, normatively, E-Court has been effective in supporting judicial efficiency; however, in practice, it still encounters various challenges, including technical, social, and institutional aspects. These obstacles vary among different legal subjects, namely advocates, individuals, private legal entities, and government legal entities. Therefore, comprehensive efforts are required to optimize the implementation of E-Court to ensure that the objectives of judicial reform can be fully achieved. Furthermore, the findings reveal that, from a normative perspective, E-Court provides a more efficient mechanism compared to conventional systems, particularly in terms of case administration and communication between parties. However, this effectiveness has not been evenly realized due to constraints such as the digital divide, limited technological infrastructure, and low user readiness. Consequently, the implementation of E-Court still requires reinforcement in both technical and cultural aspects to ensure optimal accessibility for all segments of society.

Riska Perwita Sari; Ferdi Saviola; Hilyah Farah Firdaus

Jurnal Penelitian Manajemen dan Inovasi Riset 2026 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

The rapid growth of digital commerce has encouraged companies to integrate digital and physical marketing channels to create seamless and consistent customer experiences. This study aims to analyze the role of integrated marketing channels through omnichannel strategies, the utilization of Artificial intelligence (AI), and their impact on customer experience in the context of digital commerce. The study employs a Systematic literature review (SLR) approach by examining relevant scholarly articles related to omnichannel marketing, AI technologies, and customer experience. The findings indicate that integrated marketing channels supported by AI enhance service personalization, customer engagement, operational efficiency, and the quality of interactions between companies and customers. Furthermore, the implementation of omnichannel strategies contributes to higher customer satisfaction and loyalty by providing a more connected experience across multiple customer touchpoints. However, the implementation of integrated marketing channels still faces several challenges, including fragmented channel integration, technological complexity, high investment requirements, and concerns regarding customer data privacy and security. Therefore, effective management of integrated marketing channels is essential for improving customer experience while creating sustainable competitive advantages for companies in an increasingly dynamic digital era.

Avia Az Zahra Arum Wangi Kusuma; Niken Dyahariesti

Jurnal Siti Rufaidah 2026 PPNI UNIMMAN

Telepharmacy is a digital-based pharmaceutical service innovation aimed at improving access to healthcare services and enhancing the quality of pharmaceutical care, particularly in areas with limited healthcare resources. This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of telepharmacy services at Sehat Plus Pharmacy based on the six healthcare quality dimensions established by the World Health Organization (WHO), namely safety, effectiveness, timeliness, efficiency, equity, and patient-centeredness, and to analyze their association with respondent characteristics. A quantitative descriptive-analytic study with a cross-sectional design was conducted. The study involved 35 respondents selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected through a structured Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using univariate analysis and Spearman correlation tests with a significance level of α = 0.05. The results indicated that the overall implementation of telepharmacy services was categorized as very good (88.8%), with the safety dimension achieving the highest evaluation score among all quality dimensions. Most respondents were female and aged between 21 and 25 years. Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between age and perceptions of telepharmacy implementation (p = 0.004; r = -0.471), indicating a moderate negative correlation. In contrast, gender, educational level, and occupation showed no significant association with service implementation (p > 0.05). It can be concluded that telepharmacy services at Sehat Plus Pharmacy have met WHO healthcare quality standards and provide positive user experiences, while age remains an important factor influencing service perception and acceptance.

Putri Mentari; Michael Febrian Siebert; Loise Cendana

Jurnal Penelitian Manajemen dan Inovasi Riset 2026 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

The development of the digital economy has driven increased customer interaction through online chat services, making customer satisfaction a key factor in business success. Response speed and chat service quality are two important aspects in shaping the customer experience, but previous research has tended to examine them separately. This study aims to analyze the influence of online chat services and response speed on customer satisfaction partially and simultaneously. The method used is a qualitative approach with a literature review of 12 scientific articles from 2020–2025 obtained from academic databases such as Google Scholar and SINTA. The analysis technique used is descriptive-critical through the identification, comparison, and synthesis of previous research findings. The results show that online chat services have a positive effect on customer satisfaction, primarily through interaction quality such as information accuracy, ease of use, and problem-solving ability. Response speed has also proven to be an important determinant, where a fast response significantly increases customer satisfaction. However, speed without quality has the potential to decrease satisfaction. The discussion shows that the two variables have a complementary and inseparable relationship. Online chat services function as a medium for interaction, while response speed is a quality attribute that determines the effectiveness of the service. Therefore, the integration of both in one model is the main contribution of this research in filling the literature gap, especially in the context of e-commerce in Indonesia.

Farkhan Fidaya Tulloh; Eka Anisa Sari

Journal of Management and Social Sciences (JIMAS) 2026 Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Administrasi (STIA) Yappi Makassar

An appropriate strategy has become a crucial factor for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in maintaining customer loyalty. This study focuses on analyzing the implementation of marketing communication strategies adopted by Nasi Goreng Barokah Jaya, an MSME located in Cikampek, to retain its loyal customers. This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach based on the 7P Marketing Mix theory developed by Kotler and Keller (2016). Data were collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation involving the business owner, employees, and loyal customers. The data were subsequently analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model, while data validity was ensured through triangulation. The findings reveal that direct interaction, responsive and friendly service, word-of-mouth promotional activities, and personalized approaches serve as the main pillars in building customer loyalty. Customer loyalty is significantly influenced by product quality, price affordability, service reliability, and the emotional bond established between the business and its customers. These findings confirm that simple yet consistently implemented marketing communication strategies are effective in maintaining a loyal customer base in the culinary MSME sector.

Ilham Gangsar Permana; Sarah Nur Falysa; Fauzan Ma'arif; Erin Safarida; Nurhaliza Nurhaliza +2 more

Jurnal Relasi Publik 2026 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

This study aims to analyze the implementation of public service ethics by front office officers at the Public Service Mall (Mall Pelayanan Publik/MPP) of Samarinda City and its impact on the image of government institutions. As the frontline of public service delivery, front office personnel play a strategic role in shaping public perceptions and fostering public trust in government services. This research employed a qualitative descriptive approach, utilizing in-depth interviews with a functional licensing officer at the Department of Investment and One-Stop Integrated Services (DPMPTSP) of Samarinda City, supported by direct field observations. The findings reveal that the implementation of service ethics at the Samarinda MPP is guided by the principles outlined in Law No. 25 of 2009 on Public Services and the Minister of Administrative and Bureaucratic Reform Regulation No. 15 of 2014 concerning Service Standards. These regulations emphasize the values of integrity, professionalism, accountability, responsiveness, and inclusiveness in service delivery. Furthermore, effective coordination among service tenants, continuous improvement of employee competencies, and adaptation to digital systems such as the Online Single Submission (OSS) platform have contributed significantly to maintaining service quality. The study concludes that the consistent application of public service ethics enhances citizen satisfaction, strengthens public trust, and positively influences the image of government institutions in the community.  

Jensen Jiang Lung; Achamd Zaky Anshari; Marselinus Junio; Nanda Olivia; Muhammad Raihan Yasir +1 more

Jurnal Relasi Publik 2026 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

This study aims to analyze the quality of public services at the Kelurahan Air Putih, Samarinda Ulu District, Samarinda City, East Kalimantan. The research uses a descriptive qualitative method with data collected through interviews and questionnaires. The findings indicate that public service quality at Kelurahan Air Putih is generally categorized as good, as reflected in the majority of respondents agreeing with most service quality indicators, including procedural clarity, staff friendliness, service speed, and administrative requirements. Service completion targets approximately 15 minutes when all requirements are met. However, several aspects still require improvement, particularly in terms of information accessibility, service speed, facility availability, and reduction of service barriers. The study concludes that routine internal evaluation and openness to community feedback are key factors in maintaining and improving service quality. In addition, strengthening employee competence through regular training, optimizing digital service systems, improving public communication, and enhancing supporting infrastructure are expected to increase service effectiveness and customer satisfaction. These improvements will also contribute to more transparent, accountable, responsive, efficient, and citizen-oriented public services while supporting sustainable improvements in local government administrative performance and public trust.

Bakti Ramadhani; Besse Wediawati; Dessy Elliyana

Master Manajemen 2026 Fakultas Ekonomi & Bisnis, Universitas Nusa Nipa

This study aims to analyze the implementation of e-government at the Jambi Province Cooperatives and SMEs Office and identify the factors influencing its implementation based on George Edward III’s policy implementation theory. The research employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive design. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation involving office personnel and community service users as informants. The findings indicate that the implementation of e-government has not yet been optimal in supporting the delivery of digital-based public services. Several factors contribute to this condition, including ineffective communication and dissemination of information to the public, limited human resources with adequate technological competencies, implementers’ attitudes that are not fully adaptive to technological changes, and a bureaucratic structure that has not supported comprehensive system integration. These challenges affect the efficiency, accessibility, and quality of public services provided by the agency. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of strengthening coordination among stakeholders and improving institutional readiness in implementing digital governance. The study concludes that efforts to improve human resource capacity, enhance public outreach, and develop an integrated information system are essential to optimize e-government implementation and improve the quality, effectiveness, and responsiveness of public services in the digital era.

Ilham Afif; Mohammad Aquallurrizal; Arza Lubaib Almuna; Farchatul Maru`ah

Jurnal Bintang Pendidikan Indonesia 2026 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

This study was conducted based on observational findings indicating that educational institutions need to implement appropriate educational marketing management strategies to enhance their attractiveness amid increasing competition. The purpose of this study is to analyze educational marketing management strategies used to attract prospective students and to identify factors influencing their effectiveness. This research employed a qualitative approach, with observation, interviews, and documentation serving as data collection techniques. The collected data were analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that educational marketing strategies are implemented through promotional program planning, utilization of information media, improvement of educational service quality, strengthening of institutional image, and collaboration between schools and the community. A well-planned and sustainable marketing system has been shown to increase public trust in educational institutions. Furthermore, students’ interest in choosing an educational institution is influenced by the quality of educational programs, supporting facilities, school reputation, learning environment, and information accessibility through various media. The study findings indicate that effective implementation of educational marketing management strategies can enhance institutional competitiveness and increase student enrollment. Therefore, educational institutions are encouraged to continuously develop innovative marketing strategies that align with community needs to remain relevant and attractive to prospective students.

Mega Nanda Sapitri; Meilanta Rantina

DHARMA EKONOMI 2026 sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Dharmaputra Semarang

This research aims to discuss online marketing strategies and service quality as well as their impact on post-pandemic cosmetic sales at the Abigail Shop, Sintang Regency. This study applies a qualitative-descriptive approach. Data collection was carried out through interviews, observation and analysis of various documents. Subjects consist of business owners, employees and customers. The validity of the data was tested through Technical Triangulation. Research findings show that Abigail Store's use of Instagram as a digital marketing tool is effective in increasing market reach and attracting customer interest with various creative content, including photos, videos, promotions and testimonials from customers. Apart from that, the direct message and WhatsApp features function to facilitate communication and transactions between sellers and buyers. This research also confirms that high service quality is directly related to customer satisfaction which then results in the frequency of repeat purchases. The increase in sales of Toko Abigail's cosmetic products after the pandemic can be attributed to an effective combination of digital marketing strategies and consistent, high-quality service standards. This study aims to be a reference for business owners in optimizing marketing methods through digital media, while maintaining service quality amidst the rapid development of information technology.

Adelia Maulidina Choirunnisa; Amalia Ruhana

Inovasi Kesehatan Global 2026 Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

Complementary feeding plays a vital role in meeting the nutritional needs of infants and toddlers. However, food safety remains a concern, particularly for homemade commercial complementary foods. This study aimed to assess the microbiological quality and hygiene sanitation practices of homemade commercial complementary foods vendors in the service area of Karangandong Public Health Center, Gresik. A quantitative descriptive approach with a cross-sectional design was employed. Four homemade commercial complementary foods samples were collected from different vendors and tested for Total Plate Count (TPC) and Escherichia coli contamination. Observations and interviews were also conducted to evaluate the vendors' hygiene and sanitation practices. The results showed that three out of four homemade commercial complementary foods samples exceeded the maximum limit for microbial contamination (1 × 10² CFU/g). Two of the four samples tested positive for Escherichia coli contamination. The hygiene and sanitation practices of the vendors showed several non-conformities, categorized as minor, major, and critical. In conclusion, most homemade commercial MP-ASI products in this study did not meet established microbiological safety standards and reflected hygiene and sanitation practices that require improvement.