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Malpractice in dental health services has become a complex legal issue as public awareness of service quality and patient rights continues to increase. The enactment of Law Number 17 of 2023 on Health introduces important changes in regulating the legal accountability of medical personnel, including dentists, particularly in relation to criminal liability for malpractice. This study analyzes the forms of dental malpractice and the criminal responsibility of dentists under the new Health Law. The research uses an empirical legal method with sociological and statutory approaches. Data were obtained through interviews and a review of relevant legislation, legal doctrines, and court decisions. The results show that dental malpractice can arise from negligence, failure to comply with professional standards, violations of standard operating procedures, and the absence or disregard of informed consent. Law Number 17 of 2023 stipulates that criminal liability for dentists can only be applied after a recommendation from the Professional Discipline Board, ensuring a clear distinction between inherent medical risks and professional misconduct. This framework is designed to provide balanced legal protection for both patients and dentists while strengthening legal certainty in malpractice case resolution. Consequently, dentists must understand professional standards and criminal liability mechanisms to practice responsibly and professionally.

The giveaway phenomenon in the digital era has become a popular strategy to increase interaction on social media. However, this popularity is also used by irresponsible individuals to commit fraud under the guise of giveaways. This article aims to identify the modus operandi of giveaway fraud, provide guidance on recognizing the characteristics of fraud, and present preventive measures to avoid it. The methods used include literature review of digital fraud cases, analysis of cybercrime patterns, and interviews with digital literacy experts. The results show that the fraud mode often uses fake accounts that resemble official organizers, asks for personal information or payment of certain fees, and offers rewards that are too fantastic to lure victims. Low digital literacy is one of the main factors in the high number of victims of this fraud. By raising public awareness through education about the characteristics of fraud and methods of verifying information sources, the potential for victims can be minimized. In conclusion, systematic prevention efforts and active participation of the community in disseminating related information are important to protect internet users from the threat of giveaway fraud. This article recommends improving digital literacy programs and strengthening regulations against cybercrime as a long-term step.

Digital fraud, particularly schemes involving the distribution of fake wedding invitations through instant messaging applications such as WhatsApp, has developed into a serious problem in Indonesia along with the increasing use of digital technology in everyday life. This fraudulent modus operandi exploits victims’ curiosity, trust, and panic to prompt them to open malicious links or download harmful files containing malware. Such malware has the potential to damage device systems, steal personal data, and access sensitive information, including banking accounts and social media profiles. This form of fraud not only causes significant financial losses for victims but also results in psychological impacts, such as fear, trauma, and a loss of trust in digital communication. This article aims to comprehensively examine the modus operandi of digital fraud through fake wedding invitations, analyze the relevant legal framework, and assess the social and economic impacts on society. In addition, the article emphasizes the importance of improving digital literacy as an effective preventive measure to minimize the risk of digital fraud. To address this issue, the article proposes strengthening cooperation among law enforcement agencies, cybersecurity institutions, and technology service providers. Recommendations are also directed toward reinforcing regulations, enhancing the effectiveness of law enforcement, and intensifying public awareness campaigns to reduce the incidence of digital fraud in Indonesia.

Based on article (Shelley, 2010) Human Trafficking is the act of recruiting, transporting, transferring, harboring, or receiving individuals through force, fraud, or corcecion for the purpose of exploiting them profit. This exploitation may include forced labor, sexual slavery, or other forms of commercial sexual exploitation. It is considered a serious violation of human rights and includes a form of modern slavery, a crime against humanity. Human trafficking is a global threat that requires serious attention and real action. Factors such as poverty, political instability, and lack of public awareness make human trafficking increasingly difficult to eradicate. Therefore, there is a need for international cooperation, government, and community cooperation to prevent, protect, and recover victims of human trafficking. Human trafficking is a serious crime that continues to grow, including in Cambodia, which is vulnerable due to geographical and socioeconomic factors. This study aims to analyze the handling of human trafficking cases in Cambodia from the perspective of international legal policy. Sexual exploitation, forced labor, and organ trafficking are the main forms of this crime. Although Cambodia has adopted various laws, its implementation is still hampered by limited resources, corruption, and weak cooperation between countries. International community support such as the Palermo Protocol has helped, but law enforcement remains inconsistent. This study emphasizes the importance of stricter law enforcement and an adequate rehabilitation system for victims. Collaboration between governments and NGOs is urgently needed to create effective solutions and better protection for victims of human trafficking.

The waste problem is still an environmental issue that requires serious attention, especially regarding the low level of public awareness in sorting organic and inorganic waste at its source. Environmental education needs to be given from an early age to form attitudes and behavior that care for the environment in a sustainable manner. This community service activity aims to increase the understanding and awareness of grade III–IV elementary school children towards sorting organic and inorganic waste through a game-based learning approach. The activity was carried out in the Bojongsari area, Depok, involving 10 children as participants. The methods used include delivering interactive material, waste sorting competitions through the Eco-Race Little game, and making mini posters with environmental themes. The results of the activity showed that around 90% of participants were able to differentiate and sort organic and inorganic waste correctly. Apart from increasing cognitive understanding, this activity also fosters an attitude of cooperation, creativity and concern for the environment. Thus, the Little Eco-Race activity is considered effective as a fun and applicable environmental education model for elementary school age children.

Thousands of metric tonnes of garbage remain unmanaged, and despite available solutions, many people are still reluctant to participate in proper waste disposal. This study aimed to identify the reasons behind the unwillingness of different age groups in Kuta Selatan, Badung, Bali to separate their garbage into biodegradable and non-biodegradable categories. This qualitative research used surveys and interviews for data collection. The survey involved three age groups: adolescents (10–19) with 15 respondents, young adults (20–39) with 15 respondents, and middle adults (40–60) with 11 respondents. Interviews were conducted with two environmental experts, and the data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The results showed that reluctance across age groups stemmed mainly from limited awareness of the environmental benefits of waste separation and the negative impacts of improper disposal. Adolescents additionally cited the lack of strict policies and penalties. Young and middle adults shared similar reasons, mostly linked to insufficient knowledge and low motivation. Environmental experts emphasized the importance of improving public awareness of waste management practices and enhancing waste management infrastructure through additional facilities and better-quality services. Overall, this study highlights the need for stronger policies, improved infrastructure, and increased public education to boost community participation in waste separation in Kuta Selatan.

This research aims to analyze the implementation of social rehabilitation programs for persons with physical disabilities at the Social Affairs Office of Pasuruan City, East Java. Persons with physical disabilities face various challenges in accessing public services and participating in social life, thus requiring comprehensive rehabilitation programs. Using the implementation theory of George C. Edward III, this study examines four critical factors: communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. This qualitative research employs a descriptive approach with data collection through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation study. Informants include officials from the Social Affairs Office, rehabilitation program staff, persons with physical disabilities as program beneficiaries, and community members. The results indicate that the implementation of social rehabilitation programs has been running according to established procedures, including physical rehabilitation services, vocational training, and social assistance provision. However, several obstacles were identified, including limited budget allocation, inadequate accessibility of rehabilitation facilities, shortage of trained social workers, and lack of public awareness regarding disability issues. The program has successfully provided assistive devices to 85 beneficiaries and vocational training to 60 persons with physical disabilities in 2023. This study recommends strengthening coordination between related agencies, increasing budget allocation, improving facility accessibility, and conducting socialization to enhance community participation in supporting persons with physical disabilities.  

This research aims to analyze the implementation of social rehabilitation programs for persons with physical disabilities at the Social Affairs Office of Pasuruan City, East Java. Persons with physical disabilities face various challenges in accessing public services and participating in social life, thus requiring comprehensive rehabilitation programs. Using the implementation theory of George C. Edward III, this study examines four critical factors: communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. This qualitative research employs a descriptive approach with data collection through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation study. Informants include officials from the Social Affairs Office, rehabilitation program staff, persons with physical disabilities as program beneficiaries, and community members. The results indicate that the implementation of social rehabilitation programs has been running according to established procedures, including physical rehabilitation services, vocational training, and social assistance provision. However, several obstacles were identified, including limited budget allocation, inadequate accessibility of rehabilitation facilities, shortage of trained social workers, and lack of public awareness regarding disability issues. The program has successfully provided assistive devices to 85 beneficiaries and vocational training to 60 persons with physical disabilities in 2023. This study recommends strengthening coordination between related agencies, increasing budget allocation, improving facility accessibility, and conducting socialization to enhance community participation in supporting persons with physical disabilities.  

This Community Service Program (Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat/PKM) aims to develop the communication strategy of Grandma Foundation through a corporate storytelling approach to enhance public awareness of its social programs. The main challenge faced by the foundation is the limited communication strategy, which has predominantly focused on informative reporting and has not yet effectively built emotional engagement with the public. The program employed interactive lectures, storytelling workshops, digital content production simulations, and mentoring and evaluation sessions. The results indicate a significant improvement in the foundation’s internal capacity to produce human-centered, authentic, and impact-oriented narratives. The implementation of corporate storytelling led to more consistent, emotionally engaging, and effective communication content, particularly through digital media. The discussion highlights that storytelling plays a strategic role in building public trust, strengthening organizational identity, and increasing public engagement. This program concludes that corporate storytelling is a relevant and effective communication strategy for nonprofit organizations to expand social impact and ensure the sustainability of their programs.

Household waste management remains a major challenge in rural areas, including Sunggumanai Village, Pattallassang District, Gowa Regency. Low public awareness and the absence of a structured community-based waste management system have negatively affected environmental quality and public health. This community service activity aimed to enhance community knowledge, awareness, and participation through the socialization of community-based waste management toward a clean and healthy environment. The activity was conducted on September 27, 2025, involving 30 participants consisting of community representatives, housewives, youth, and community leaders. The methods applied included educational socialization, participatory discussions, and waste segregation simulations based on the 3R principles (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle). The results indicated an improvement in participants’ understanding of waste types, the environmental and health impacts of improper waste management, and the importance of collective waste management practices. Participants also demonstrated positive attitudes and readiness to implement household waste segregation, as well as emerging ideas for establishing community-based waste management initiatives. In conclusion, this activity proved to be an effective initial step in promoting behavioral change toward sustainable waste management and supporting the creation of a clean and healthy village environment.

Low public awareness of eye health and rational use of eye medications may increase the risk of eye disorders and infections. This community service activity aimed to improve public knowledge and awareness regarding the importance of maintaining eye health and applying the DAGUSIBU principle (Get, Use, Store, and Dispose of medicines properly) in the use of eye drops. The activity was conducted at the Klinik Pratama Nusantara Kesehatan through interactive counseling, demonstrations of proper eye drop administration techniques, and education on the prevention of common eye disorders and the role of healthcare professionals. Pre-test and post-test evaluations showed a significant increase of approximately 35% in participants’ knowledge regarding eye hygiene and correct eye medication use. This educational program is expected to contribute to long-term improvements in rational eye medication use, reduce the risk of misuse, and serve as a model for sustainable eye health education in a primary healthcare settings.

Degenerative diseases are a major cause of morbidity in the elderly and continue to increase with age, lifestyle changes, and a lack of public awareness of the need for regular health check-ups. This community service activity aims to increase understanding and early detection of non-communicable diseases in people aged 30 years and older, particularly the elderly in the Appassarenge neighborhood, Bentenge Village, Ujung Bulu District, Bulukumba Regency. The activity methods included group exercise, blood pressure checks, blood sugar checks, health counseling, and referrals for participants with test results above normal limits. Data were analyzed descriptively to determine the proportion of participants with high blood pressure and blood sugar levels. The results showed that the majority of respondents had hypertension (70.97% of 31 participants), while 55.88% of 34 participants had high blood sugar levels. These findings indicate a high risk of non-communicable diseases in the elderly population related to diet, lack of physical activity, and a lack of regular health check-ups. This activity received a positive response because it provided easy access to health services and raised public awareness of the importance of early detection and adopting a healthy lifestyle. Overall, this community service activity contributed to increasing the elderly's knowledge and awareness of health, as well as supporting promotive and preventive efforts in preventing degenerative diseases.

Muara Takus Temple is a valuable historical heritage in Riau Province and a testament to the glory of ancient civilization in the Indonesian archipelago. However, the environment around the temple often faces problems such as litter, vegetation damage, and declining public awareness. Clean-up and environmental preservation activities in this area demonstrate the involvement of the younger generation and the community in preserving the historic site. Through a participatory approach, this community service program aims to describe the process, results, and social impact of preservation activities in the Muara Takus Temple area. The results of the community service program demonstrate increased public awareness, the formation of cross-institutional collaboration, and the strengthening of the value of mutual cooperation in preserving cultural heritage and the environment. The results demonstrate that the involvement of the community, students, and site managers has successfully raised collective awareness of the importance of maintaining cleanliness and preserving cultural heritage. Furthermore, this activity strengthened the synergy between historical and environmental preservation through tree planting, waste management, and the provision of educational boards. This activity demonstrates that cultural heritage preservation can be revitalized through active participation and cross-generational collaboration.

Digital copyright piracy remains a growing legal issue in Indonesia alongside the rapid development of information technology. This practice not only causes economic losses to creators and copyright holders but also reflects a gap between legal norms and social realities. This study aims to analyze legal protection for digital copyrights and to assess the effectiveness of Law Number 28 of 2014 on Copyright. This research employs a normative legal method using a library research approach by examining statutory regulations and relevant academic literature. The findings indicate that although Indonesia has established an adequate legal framework for copyright protection, its implementation remains ineffective due to low public legal awareness, weak law enforcement, and challenges in monitoring digital platforms. These findings emphasize that effective copyright protection requires not only comprehensive regulations but also synergy between the government, law enforcement authorities, and the development of a strong legal culture within society.

Public transportation plays an important role in supporting community mobility and accelerating regional economic growth. To improve public transportation services in East Java, the East Java Provincial Transportation Agency introduced the Trans Jatim Bus system. However, its implementation still faces several challenges, including long bus arrival times, the use of mobile applications that are difficult for elderly users, and inconsistencies in the availability of supporting facilities such as seating and trash bins at bus stops. This study aims to analyze the quality of Trans Jatim Bus services based on the service quality dimensions proposed by Wirtz and Lovelock. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation, and analyzed using stages of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that reliability has not met service standards due to prolonged waiting times. Responsiveness and assurance were found to meet service standards, as passengers expressed satisfaction with service responses and complaint handling. Empathy was considered adequate, although accessibility issues for elderly passengers remain. Tangible aspects were also sufficiently met, but inconsistencies were found in the provision of seating and trash bins at several bus stops. Based on these findings, the study recommends increasing the number of buses on corridor 2, evaluating bus schedules, conducting public awareness campaigns, and ensuring the consistent provision of seating and trash bins at all bus stops to improve overall service quality.

People with disabilities continue to experience barriers in accessing education, employment, and social participation, requiring active government involvement through inclusive programs. One such initiative is the International Disability Day event organized by the South Tangerang City Social Service in collaboration with Rumah I’m Star. This study aims to analyze the public relations activities of the South Tangerang City Social Service by examining problem identification, planning, implementation, and interpretation in organizing the event. The research is based on the public relations model of Cutlip, Center, and Broom, which includes four stages: defining the problem, planning and programming, taking action and communicating, and evaluating the program. A qualitative approach with a descriptive method was employed. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation, involving purposively selected informants from the Public Relations Division of the Social Service, the founder of Rumah I’m Star, beneficiaries, and public relations experts. The findings show that the Social Service identified low public awareness of disability issues as the main problem and responded by developing a collaborative communication strategy with Rumah I’m Star. The activities implemented included art performances, talk shows, and a bazaar showcasing the works of persons with disabilities, which were disseminated digitally. Program evaluation was conducted internally without standardized measurement instruments, limiting interpretation to event outcomes and participant involvement. Overall, the study concludes that these public relations efforts enhanced government communication and promoted inclusion awareness, although broader public engagement is needed for sustainable impact.

Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) are the result of human thought that have economic and social value and play a significant role in encouraging creativity, technological innovation, and sustainable national development. IPR protection not only aims to provide legal certainty for creators and rights holders, but also serves as a strategic instrument in strengthening the creative economy. However, low public awareness of the importance of IPR protection and the gap between legal norms and practices in the field result in frequent violations of intellectual works. This study uses a normative-juridical approach combined with a participatory-educational approach, in accordance with the characteristics of community service activities in the legal field. This approach aims to integrate normative legal analysis with legal education activities for the community, thereby producing both conceptual understanding and practical benefits. The results of the activities show a significant increase in public understanding of the relationship between constitutional principles and IPR protection in Indonesia. Through educational activities and legal dialogues, it was revealed that the integration between constitutional principles and the IPR legal system has not been optimal, not only due to limited regulations, but also weak public legal awareness and the application of substantive justice as mandated by the 1945 Constitution. These findings emphasize the importance of integrating constitutional values ​​in the IPR protection system.

Plastic waste is a form of solid waste originating from synthetic polymer materials that are difficult to decompose naturally and pose serious threats to environmental sustainability. Its accumulation continues to increase, causing pollution of soil, water, and ecosystems. In general, public attention is often limited to waste disposal and management activities without addressing preventive measures or innovative solutions at the source of the problem. This study aims to increase public awareness of plastic waste processing as an alternative approach to reducing the growing volume of plastic waste generated daily. One promising method explored in this research is the utilization of plastic waste as a raw material for producing environmentally friendly construction bricks. The study applied a simple descriptive experimental approach through direct practical activities, including the collection of plastic waste, processing and melting procedures, molding processes, and drying stages. The results demonstrate that plastic waste can be transformed into bricks with adequate physical strength and mechanical properties that comply with basic building standards. Therefore, this method has the potential to support sustainable waste management while providing alternative construction materials.

This study aims to develop an educational application based on a Graphical User Interface (GUI) using MATLAB App Designer that functions as an interactive simulation for evaluating blood pressure. The application allows users to input systolic and diastolic blood pressure values along with supporting information such as name and age. The input data are then analyzed and classified into several blood pressure categories according to the standards of the American Heart Association (AHA), including normal, hypotension, stage 1 hypertension, stage 2 hypertension, and hypertensive crisis. The classification results are presented visually through an interactive pie chart with dynamic percentages and legends to enhance user understanding. In addition, all data are automatically stored in a Microsoft Excel file containing a summary of blood pressure categories and session timestamps. The system is designed with a simple interface and intuitive interaction, making it suitable for early health education purposes. Although the application still relies on manual data input, it has the potential to serve as an effective learning tool for increasing public awareness of the importance of regular blood pressure monitoring. 

Drug abuse constitutes a serious threat to public health, social stability, and national security. This study examines law enforcement mechanisms against drug abuse under Indonesian Law Number 35 of 2009 on Narcotics and evaluates preventive measures implemented to combat this phenomenon. Employing a normative juridical approach through a comprehensive literature review, this research analyses the implementation of both penal and non-penal approaches in addressing narcotics-related offences. The findings reveal that law enforcement practices predominantly emphasise punitive measures, despite legislative provisions accommodating rehabilitation for drug users. The dual approach integrating criminal sanctions with social and health services remains suboptimal due to institutional constraints, limited rehabilitation facilities, inadequate training for law enforcement personnel, and weak inter-agency coordination. Preventive efforts through education, family empowerment, school-based programs, community engagement, and media campaigns have been implemented but continue to face challenges, including social stigma and insufficient public awareness. This study recommends strengthening restorative justice implementation, expanding rehabilitation service capacity, and enhancing cross-sectoral collaboration to build societal resilience against drug abuse while ensuring that users receive appropriate treatment rather than mere criminalisation.