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Clove is one of the plantation commodities that plays a significant role in the national economy, particularly as a raw material for the kretek cigarette industry, as well as the food and pharmaceutical industries. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing clove production in Bengkel Village, Busungbiu District, Buleleng Regency. The independent variables used in this study include labor, capital, harvested area, and fertilizer, while clove production serves as the dependent variable. A quantitative approach was employed using a multiple linear regression analysis in the form of a power function. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 140 clove farmers as respondents. The results of the study indicate that labor, capital, harvested area, and fertilizer simultaneously have a significant effect on clove production in Bengkel Village. Partially, each of these variables also has a positive and significant effect on production. These findings highlight the importance of optimizing the use of these production factors to improve clove yields in Bengkel Village, Busungbiu District, Buleleng Regency.

The implementation of blue economy policies in Tanjungpinang City, the capital of Riau Islands Province, aims to foster sustainable urban development by leveraging marine and coastal resources. This study explores the potential and opportunities of blue economy principles to enhance economic growth, social welfare, and environmental sustainability. Utilizing a qualitative approach, the research evaluates local government policy documents and collaborates with industry stakeholders to assess the impact of these policies. Findings reveal that Tanjungpinang’s strategic maritime location supports significant fishery production (118,661 tons in 2023) and tourism growth, creating jobs and reducing coastal poverty. Key programs include sustainable marine resource management, fishery processing industry development, human resource capacity building, market access optimization, eco-friendly infrastructure, and environmental policy enforcement. These initiatives promote ecological sustainability, economic value, and social inclusivity. However, challenges such as limited processing scales, resource continuity, and environmental pollution persist. The study underscores the need for coordinated governance, technological investment, and community participation to ensure long-term benefits. Tanjungpinang’s blue economy model offers a replicable framework for sustainable urban development in coastal regions.

A sustainable digital economy is an economic system that integrates digital technology, social sustainability, and resource efficiency within production processes and labor distribution. Advances in information technology, automation, and artificial intelligence have transformed the structure of the global labor market and created skill disparities among workers. The unpreparedness of human resources in facing digital transformation has led to gaps in access to training, technological literacy, and equal employment opportunities. Strengthening human capital is therefore a strategic solution to maintain balance between technological progress and social justice. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach through Focus Group Discussions and literature reviews within the 2022–2025 period to analyze the interrelationships between competency development, automation implementation, and digital equity. The findings indicate that improving digital capabilities through upskilling, reskilling, and technology-based education enhances workforce resilience against disruption. Collaboration among government, industry, and educational institutions is proven to be effective in expanding training access, reducing the digital divide, and creating an inclusive and adaptive work ecosystem in the era of a sustainable digital economy.

This community service aims to foster and develop an entrepreneurial spirit among teenagers in Sanrobone Village, Takalar, through the optimization of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) based on local potential. Teenagers are identified as strategic assets that need to be empowered for economic independence and job creation. The method of implementing this activity adopts a participatory and educational-practical approach, including the preparation stage, implementation of training and mentoring, and monitoring and evaluation. A total of 35 teenagers from Sanrobone Village were actively involved in a series of basic entrepreneurship training, identification of local business opportunities, technical production skills workshops, and simple digital marketing. The results of the activity showed a significant increase in teenagers' understanding of the concept of entrepreneurship from just selling to creating value. They succeeded in identifying 15 potential business ideas from local resources and 20 teenagers were able to produce product prototypes from these ideas. In addition, the initiative to form five micro-business groups initiated by teenagers is clear evidence of the growth of motivation and collaboration. In conclusion, this program is effective in laying a strong foundation for the development of a youth entrepreneurship ecosystem in Sanrobone Village, which is supported by the potential of natural resources and the enthusiasm of the participants. It is recommended that there be ongoing mentoring, facilitation of access to micro-capital, strengthening of networks, and integration of entrepreneurship curriculum in schools to ensure the sustainability and long-term impact of the program.

The distribution of sugarcane from farmers to sugar mills in Indonesia continues to face various challenges, particularly in terms of logistical efficiency and farmers’ dependency on intermediaries. This study aims to analyze the role of intermediaries in determining the efficiency of sugarcane distribution, using a case study in Kedungmakam Village, Tuban Regency. A qualitative approach with a case study design was employed, enabling an in-depth understanding of distribution practices directly in the field. Data were collected through field observations, in-depth interviews with farmers, intermediaries, and retail traders, as well as supporting documentation. The results indicate that intermediaries play a crucial role in providing production capital, scheduling harvests, and managing transportation of sugarcane to the mills. However, their dominance, in the absence of formal contracts, creates relationship imbalances and weakens the bargaining position of farmers. Furthermore, geographical barriers, limited access to market information, and the lack of independent distribution infrastructure exacerbate inefficiencies and reduce fairness in the existing distribution system. Therefore, strengthening farmer institutions, improving contract transparency, and enhancing access to logistics and information are recommended as long-term solutions.

Plantation agriculture encompasses all activities involving the cultivation of specific crops and the commercialization of their products and services, supported by science, technology, capital, and management, with the aim of improving the welfare of plantation business actors and the wider community. This study aims to analyze the production scale, input elasticity, and factors affecting clove production in Umejero Village, Busungbiu District, Buleleng Regency. Given the high dependence of farmers on harvest outcomes and price fluctuations, this analysis is essential to understand the impact of economic and agronomic variables such as working capital, labor, land area, and selling price on production output. The study employs a quantitative method using multiple linear regression based on the Cobb-Douglas production function. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews with clove farmers in Umejero Village using purposive sampling. The results indicate that all four variables simultaneously have a significant effect on clove production, with each variable also having a partial positive influence. The analysis of production scale shows increasing returns to scale, meaning that a proportional increase in all input factors leads to a more than proportional increase in output. The elasticity analysis indicates that capital input is elastic, suggesting that a small increase in capital leads to a disproportionately large increase in output. In contrast, labor, land area, and selling price are inelastic, implying that increases in these inputs result in only modest increases in output. These findings highlight the need for solid policy foundations and strategic initiatives to enhance clove productivity both at the farmer and local government levels. Furthermore, the study’s results are expected to assist farmers in making more informed and sustainable decisions in farm management, ultimately contributing to the improved welfare of clove-farming communities in the region.  

The purpose of this study was to determine and explain the role of salted egg businesses in helping to improve the economy of the community in Kandangan District. Micro and small businesses such as salted egg production have great potential in contributing to household income and local labor absorption. This study uses a case study method with a qualitative approach. Data were collected through field observations, in-depth interviews with salted egg business actors, and documentation of business activities. The results of the study show that salted egg businesses in Kandangan District are not only the main source of income for some people, but also create jobs, encourage economic independence, and increase the purchasing power of local people. In addition, business actors also show creativity in packaging and marketing products, both conventionally and digitally. This study concludes that salted egg businesses can be one of the driving forces of a sustainable local economy if supported by adequate training, market access, and capital.

Reciprocal tariff changes imposed by the United States on its trading partner countries including Indonesia, create changes in export and import tariffs in Indonesia which result in a significant impact on the Indonesian economy, which has an impact on export and import sectors such as oil and gas, then non-oil and gas which includes processing industries, agriculture, forestry, fisheries, mining as well as consumer goods, raw / auxiliary materials, and capital goods. This research aims to analyze the impact of exports and imports in the country of Indonesia due to the reciprocal tax rate policy implemented by the United States. This research uses a qualitative approach with the type of content analysis, which involves collecting data from news articles, research reports, and relevant academic publications. The results showed that the imposition of reciprocal tariffs imposed by the United States against Indonesia caused an increase in imports from 2017 to 2020 by 1.38% in the consumer goods sector. On the other hand, the export side decreased in the oil and gas sector from 2017 to 2020 by 2.37% which resulted in disruption of economic stability in the global supply chain that created inflation, and increased imports in Indonesia resulted in competing local product prices with imported products so that many Indonesian manufacturing companies reduced production and terminated employment. From this research, it is expected that Indonesia will be able to maximize the opportunities that exist from the changes and challenges of global trade.

This research aims to examine the Islamic economic perspective on home-based businesses in improving the welfare of the people on Miang Island, as well as tracing their development and supporting and inhibiting factors. The method used is field research with a qualitative approach and descriptive techniques, with data obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation from primary and secondary sources. The results show that home-based businesses make a real contribution to improving the community's economy by utilizing local potential and applying Islamic values such as honesty, trustworthiness, and fairness in their management. This business is growing rapidly and has become the main alternative to increase family income, while encouraging local economic empowerment. Family support in running the business provides efficiency and strengthens the sense of community, and is supported by community loyalty as regular customers. However, challenges faced include limited capital to expand the business, instability in raw material prices, and competition from larger businesses. These constraints often prevent businesses from increasing their production capacity and reaching a wider market.

This research aims to examine the Islamic economic perspective on home-based businesses in improving the welfare of the people on Miang Island, as well as tracing their development and supporting and inhibiting factors. The method used is field research with a qualitative approach and descriptive techniques, with data obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation from primary and secondary sources. The results show that home-based businesses make a real contribution to improving the community's economy by utilizing local potential and applying Islamic values such as honesty, trustworthiness, and fairness in their management. This business is growing rapidly and has become the main alternative to increase family income, while encouraging local economic empowerment. Family support in running the business provides efficiency and strengthens the sense of community, and is supported by community loyalty as regular customers. However, challenges faced include limited capital to expand the business, instability in raw material prices, and competition from larger businesses. These constraints often prevent businesses from increasing their production capacity and reaching a wider market.

Productivity refers to the efficiency with which goods and services are produced, measured using the ratio of outputs produced to inputs in the production process. Micro business actors are individuals or groups that run businesses using a small scale, with limited capital and turnover. This research is located in Karyamulya Village, Kesambi District, Cirebon City regarding micro business actors. This research method uses descriptive quantitative and data collection with a questionnaire, and uses a sample technique, namely census sampling (saturated sample) of 34 samples. In this study, using the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 30.00 application to analyze data from respondents. The results of the discussion in this study are 26.23% of the variables of this study, while 73.77% of other variables must be studied. So this study stated that there is a correlation between income and productivity variables in micro business actors.

Agriculture is a sector that plays a vital role in the economies of many developing countries, including Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the production scale and examine the factors influencing rice production, such as capital, labor, and land area. The research was conducted in Kerambitan Sub-district, Tabanan Regency. The agricultural sector, particularly rice production, plays an essential role in the regional economy and food security. However, it continues to face fluctuations due to various influencing factors. This study employs a quantitative method using multiple linear regression based on the Cobb-Douglas production function to measure the scale of production. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews with rice farmers in Kerambitan Sub-district, using proportionate stratified random sampling. The results indicate that capital, labor, and land area have a positive and significant effect on rice production in Kerambitan Sub-district, Tabanan Regency. Furthermore, the production scale in this study shows decreasing returns to scale, meaning that each additional unit of input yields a proportionally smaller increase in output. These findings imply the need for strategies to enhance production efficiency and optimize resource utilization to improve rice productivity.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a crucial role in supporting the national economy, particularly in the fisheries sector. This study was conducted through a direct interview with a fish farming MSME, GG Sawah Farm, managed by Legiono. The purpose was to explore the dynamics of catfish and pangasius farming businesses, including business history, capital needs, marketing strategies, and the challenges faced. The findings reveal that despite its promising economic potential, the business encounters various obstacles such as feed costs, seed availability, and climate changes. However, through innovations such as the use of alternative feed, social media marketing, and product diversification into the frozen food sector, the enterprise has managed to survive and grow. This study recommends improving production efficiency, increasing financial support, and encouraging collaboration with stakeholders to enhance the sustainability and development of small-scale fish farming businesses in Indonesia.

This activity aims to increase the business capacity of MSME actors through business management training, digital marketing, and technical assistance. The activity was held on April 16, 2025 at the Tempe Tofu Production Center, Jl. Macan Lindungan No.43 Bukit Kecil Village, Ilir Barat 1 District, Palembang, with a total of 20 traders. The methods used include initial observation, program socialization, financial management training, social media workshops, and marketing strategy assistance. The results showed that 80% of participants began to use digital platforms for promotion, 7 traders succeeded in preparing capital assistance proposals, there was an improvement in product packaging, and the formation of the "Tahu Tempe Mandiri" business group. This program has a positive impact on increasing turnover and market access. For sustainability, it is recommended that there be further training and collaboration with relevant agencies.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have a significant role in the economy, including MSMEs in the culinary sector such as Putri Ice Cream Business. Decision making related to optimal resource allocation is crucial to increase the efficiency and profitability of MSMEs. This study aims to apply the linear programming method with the primal simplex algorithm to minimize production costs in the case study of Putri Ice Cream MSME. The objective function is to minimize the total production cost, as well as the limitations related to the availability of main raw materials and machine production capacity. Data on main raw materials and machine production capacity were obtained from the Putri Ice Cream MSME which was the case study. The results of the study show that the application of the primal simplex method produces an optimal solution that provides recommendations for product combinations for each type of Putri Ice Cream with minimal production costs. Sensitivity analysis was also conducted to test the stability of the optimal solution to changes in capital. This study provides a practical contribution to Putri Ice Cream MSME in optimizing their resource allocation and increasing cost efficiency through a quantitative approach.    

This study aims to comprehensively examine the role of women in agricultural economic development through three main focuses: women's real contribution in agricultural economic activities, structural and socio-cultural barriers that limit their participation, and empowerment strategies to realize a more inclusive agricultural economy. The background of this research stems from the reality that although women play a significant role in various aspects of agricultural production and resource management, recognition of their contribution is still structurally and culturally limited. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method with a library research approach, which utilizes primary sources such as official government documents and reports of international institutions, as well as secondary sources in the form of relevant scientific literature. Data were collected through a systematic search of digital databases, then analyzed using content analysis techniques to identify key themes related to the roles, barriers and strategies for empowering women in the agricultural economy. The results show that women have concrete contributions in production activities, processing of agricultural products, and financial management of farm-based households. However, their participation is still hampered by patriarchal structures, limited access to resources (such as land, capital, and training), and social norms that tend to marginalize women's role in decision-making. Effective empowerment strategies include strengthening women's capacity through education and skills training, forming women's farmer groups, and advocating for policies that support gender equality in agricultural development. In conclusion, the role of women in the agricultural economy is not only relevant but also crucial in promoting food security and sustainable rural development. Therefore, the integration of gender perspectives in agricultural policy is an urgency that cannot be ignored.

Farmer regeneration is a strategic element in achieving sustainable agricultural development, especially amid the overall decline in the farming population. This study aims to identify the demographic trends of young farmers and examine their readiness in adopting agricultural technology in Tasikmalaya City. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach using secondary data obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics, the Ministry of Agriculture, and various scientific literature. The findings reveal that despite the overall decrease in the number of farmers, the number of young farmers has increased in recent years, indicating potential for regeneration in the agricultural sector. Young farmers tend to be more open to innovation and possess relatively strong digital literacy; however, the adoption of agricultural technology remains limited to specific aspects and has not fully integrated into the entire production process. The main challenges include limited access to capital, underdeveloped digital infrastructure, and a lack of technical training and mentoring. Therefore, comprehensive policy interventions are necessary, including strengthening farmer regeneration policies, improving supporting infrastructure, and promoting community-based mentoring to accelerate the adoption of agricultural technology among young generations.

Economic growth is a complex process influenced by various factors, one of which is capital accumulation. Capital accumulation plays a crucial role in increasing production capacity, creating employment opportunities, and enhancing labor productivity. This study analyzes the role of capital accumulation in Indonesia’s economic growth by highlighting key factors contributing to national output expansion. Using the growth accounting approach and neoclassical growth theory, this research confirms that while capital accumulation contributes to per capita income growth, long-term economic growth remains dependent on efficient resource allocation and productivity improvements through innovation and human capital development. The Cobb-Douglas production model is applied to understand the relationship between capital, labor, and output in determining economic growth rates. The findings indicate that countries with higher savings and investment rates tend to experience faster economic growth. Therefore, economic policies focusing on increasing investment, strengthening human capital, and optimizing resource allocation are key factors in accelerating Indonesia’s economic growth.

Tegalwaru Village in Ciampea District, Bogor Regency, possesses substantial potential for sustainable Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprise (MSME) development, yet faces challenges in marketing and digital adoption. This study aims to analyze the progress of MSMEs in Tegalwaru, focusing on production, marketing strategies, and ecotourism integration to enhance economic growth. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data was collected through in-depth interviews with MSME actors, field observations, and document analysis. Findings indicate that while MSMEs have advanced in product diversification and production capacity, their growth is hindered by limited digital marketing skills and inadequate access to capital. Conversely, the village’s rich natural and cultural resources present significant opportunities for ecotourism, which could synergize with MSMEs to boost local income sustainably. The study highlights the need for targeted interventions, including digital literacy training, improved financing access, and collaborative efforts among MSMEs, local government, and tourism stakeholders. By strengthening these aspects, Tegalwaru can achieve holistic MSME development, fostering economic resilience and community welfare. The research underscores the importance of integrating MSMEs with ecotourism as a strategy for inclusive and sustainable rural development.

Oyster mushroom cultivation is one of the non-timber forest products that is underutilized by farmers. Oyster mushrooms have quite promising business opportunities to be developed well and do not require large amounts of capital. This activity aims to introduce and provide training on oyster mushroom cultivation to farmers in Watu Village, Marioriwawo District, Soppeng Regency. The service method is carried out in several stages. First, introduction and presentation of material regarding the prospects and cultivation techniques as well as the benefits of oyster mushrooms. Second, mushroom cultivation training is carried out by filling the planting media (baglog), sterilization, inoculation, and incubation. Third, interactive discussions with the farmers involved. Data collection by monitoring the mushrooms that have been maintained to see the growth of the fungus and any contamination in the baglog during the incubation period. The participants are trained to manage baglog production through to the harvest process, to ensure sustainability and profits from cultivating this mushroom. This initiative is expected to support the development of alternative livelihoods and contribute to the economic resilience of local communities while introducing environmentally friendly agricultural practices. It is hoped that the success of this training can become a model for similar rural development projects in other region.