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Program pengabdian kepada masyarakat bertujuan meningkatkan pendapatan petani sawit rakyat selama masa replanting dengan metode tumpang sari, untuk mengoptimalkan lahan perkebunan kelapa sawit. Penelitian ini menggunakan penyuluhan, diskusi, dan kunjungan ke kelompok tani di Desa Jaharun, Kecamatan Galang, Kabupaten Deli Serdang, Sumatera Utara. Program ini mengedukasi petani mengenai tanaman hortikultura, rempah, dan tanaman bernilai ekonomis lain yang dapat ditanam di sela kelapa sawit. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa tumpang sari memberikan pendapatan tambahan. Petani memilih ubi kayu dan pisang barangan karena cocok dengan kondisi agroklimat lokal dan memiliki pasar yang stabil. Simpulan pengabdian ini meningkatkan kesadaran dan keterampilan petani dalam memanfaatkan lahan secara produktif dan berkelanjutan. Kontribusi keilmuan kegiatan ini adalah membuktikan efektivitas tumpang sari dalam mendukung ketahanan pangan lokal dan kesejahteraan petani selama replanting kelapa sawit.

Bulu Village, Sugihwaras District, Bojonegoro Regency, is an agricultural village with abundant natural resource potential, including tobacco. However, community agricultural practices still rely heavily on the use of chemical pesticides, which are relatively expensive and carry the risk of negative impacts on human health and environmental sustainability. This situation prompted the implementation of a community service program in the form of training in the manufacture of natural pesticides from jadam sulfur and tobacco leaves using the Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) approach. This approach was chosen because it focuses on exploring and optimizing local assets, both in the form of natural materials and community social skills. The training activities were attended by farmer groups and youth organizations (Karang Taruna), which play a crucial role in the program's sustainability. The training materials included theories on the dangers of chemical pesticides, the advantages of natural pesticides, and hands-on practice in making pesticides from jadam sulfur and tobacco leaves. Evaluation of the activities was carried out through observation, interviews, and the distribution of questionnaires to participants. The evaluation results showed a significant increase in farmers' knowledge about environmentally friendly pesticides, skills in making natural pesticides, and growing awareness of the importance of sustainable agriculture. In addition, the involvement of Karang Taruna strengthens the sustainability of the program through regeneration and ongoing mentoring. Overall, this training demonstrated the effectiveness of the ABCD approach in optimizing local potential to produce more economical, healthy, and environmentally friendly agricultural innovations. Thus, this program not only supports increased agricultural productivity but also contributes to the broader well-being of rural communities.

This study aims to describe the ethnomathematics activities carried out by corn farmers in Tegal Arum Village. The approach used is qualitative with an ethnographic method, with data collected through observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation from two farmers who are knowledgeable in traditional corn farming practices. The main focus of this study is to identify the application of basic mathematical concepts, such as counting, measuring, and calculating, in their daily farming activities. The results show that the farmers in Tegal Arum Village apply mathematics in a contextual form, derived from experiences and practices passed down through generations. For example, they calculate the seed requirements, estimate the number of laborers and planting time, and measure the harvest using local units like sacks and handfuls. These activities reflect the relevant application of ethnomathematics, which can be integrated into contextual mathematics learning in schools. The findings indicate that mathematics is not only taught in a formal setting in schools but also naturally develops in the community's daily life, especially through farming activities. Therefore, the results of this study are expected to serve as a reference in the development of a local culture-based curriculum that connects mathematics learning to real-life contexts.

Sustainable food security is a strategic issue in rural development that demands a comprehensive approach based on local communities. This community service activity aims to provide socialization and education about sustainable food security through a socio-economic phenomenological approach, focusing on the role of farmer housewives in Pondidaha Village, Konawe Regency. The implementation methods included educational lectures, focus group discussions (FGDs), field visits, and hands-on practice on sustainable food management, involving 20 farmer housewife respondents. The results showed that 80% of participants gained an adequate understanding of the concept of sustainable food security, local food diversification strategies, and an active role in improving family welfare through strengthening socio-economic capacity. The main challenges identified include limited access to resources, the dual role of housewives, and seasonal income instability. The solutions implemented include sustainable agriculture management training, food diversification counseling, and increased local market access. The socio-economic phenomenological approach provides a perspective that the life experiences, cultural values, and habits of farmer housewives are key elements in the success of food security programs at the community level. This activity contributes to increasing public awareness, skills, and participation in realizing sustainable food security, as well as strengthening the role of women in rural development based on local wisdom. This result is expected to be a model of community empowerment that can be replicated in other rural areas with similar characteristics.

The community service activity carried out with farmer groups in Kelungkung Village, Sumbawa Regency, aims to enhance farmers’ capacity and independence through an innovation-based business approach. The specific objectives of this activity include: (a) developing an innovation-oriented business model to support agricultural product enterprises, (b) strengthening marketing management for competitiveness, (c) improving skills in simple financial management analysis, and (d) providing an understanding of creative thinking methods capable of generating innovations by integrating community needs, technological potential, and business success factors. The methods applied involved training sessions, mentoring, and interactive discussions focusing on business model design, digital financial management practices, and modern marketing strategies. The results of the activity indicate that: (1) partners are able to understand and elaborate on key business components such as customer segments, value propositions, distribution channels, customer relationships, revenue streams, key resources, key activities, key partners, and cost structures; (2) partners can evaluate their businesses, identify opportunities, and formulate solutions to existing challenges; (3) partners have acquired basic knowledge of digital-based financial management analysis that is simple yet applicable; and (4) partners have developed the capacity to expand their farming enterprises, particularly in the field of digital marketing. Overall, this program has successfully encouraged farmer groups to be more adaptive to technological developments and modern market demands.

The agricultural sector plays a crucial role in the Indonesian economy, contributing significantly to Gross Domestic Product (GDP), employment, and national food security. Conventional financing is often poorly suited to the unique characteristics of the agricultural sector, prompting the exploration of more adaptive alternatives. Islamic banking, with its principles of fairness and risk-sharing, offers innovative financing solutions. One such contract with significant potential but underutilized is the Salam contract, a purchase-and-sell contract where payment is made upfront and goods are delivered at a later date. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of the Salam contract in depth, identify challenges and opportunities in its implementation in the Islamic agricultural sector, and formulate strategies for optimizing its application. Using a qualitative descriptive research method based on literature review and comparative analysis, this article finds that the Salam contract offers an effective financing solution for farmers' working capital needs, price risk mitigation for farmers, and supply security for buyers. Key challenges include the risk of crop failure, quality risk, moral hazard risk, and limited supporting infrastructure and market understanding. Optimizing the Salam contract can be achieved through the development of innovative contract models, strengthening risk management through takaful instrumentation, utilizing digital technology, improving Islamic financial literacy, and collaboration between stakeholders. The implications of this research are expected to provide practical guidance for Islamic financial institutions, farmers, and policymakers to create a more inclusive and sustainable Islamic agricultural financing ecosystem. With the right approach, the Salam contract has the potential to become a key instrument in Islamic agricultural financing. Its widespread implementation can drive the transformation of the agricultural sector toward a more productive and equitable direction. Sustainable efforts are needed to ensure its effective implementation in the field.

The agricultural sector is one of the main pillars in the national economy because it makes a significant contribution to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), absorbs labor, and is the main livelihood for most Indonesians, especially in rural areas. Among various agricultural subsectors, vegetables have an important role as a commodity that not only meets the needs of household consumption, but also becomes a major source of income for farmers. However, vegetable farmers are often faced with serious problems that directly impact their well-being. One of the main problems is price instability. During the harvest, the abundance of production causes the price of vegetables to fall drastically so that it is not able to cover the capital costs that have been incurred. This is experienced by vegetable farmers in Ngablak District, Magelang Regency, where the selling price of vegetables at harvest time is very cheap, often even below production costs, so that farmers suffer big losses. Reflecting on these problems, this community service activity is present with the theme "we buy, we distribute." This concept is carried out by buying vegetables directly from local farmers at a more decent price than the market price during the harvest. The vegetables that have been purchased are then not resold for profit, but are distributed for free to people who really need them, especially residents in Kepanjen Hamlet, Trimulyo, Sleman. Thus, this activity provides dual benefits, namely helping farmers to continue to earn a decent income and supporting community food security through the distribution of vegetables for free. This program is also a form of social solidarity between farmers and the community, as well as a simple but real solution in dealing with the problem of fluctuations in the price of agricultural products.

Indonesia, as an agricultural country, has a large population working in the agricultural sector. Agricultural activities often involve the use of chemicals that can cause skin disorders, one of which is contact dermatitis. Contact dermatitis is an occupational disease with a high prevalence, both globally and nationally. As a form of concern for the increasing number of dermatitis cases among farmers, a community service activity was conducted in Mlati Village, Grobogan Regency. This activity aimed to increase farmers' awareness and knowledge regarding contact dermatitis prevention. The intervention included educational sessions, interactive discussions, role-plays, pre- and post-tests, and the distribution of skin health information leaflets. The activity was carried out by the Health Promotion Team from the Faculty of Medicine, Semarang State University. The evaluation results showed an increase in participants' understanding of the symptoms of contact dermatitis by 11.86% of the 21 participants who attended. Materials considered important by participants included the importance of maintaining personal hygiene after contact with chemicals, as well as the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) during work. The participants' enthusiasm was also evident in their active participation in the discussion sessions and hands-on practice. However, there was still a lack of in-depth understanding of skin health care. This demonstrates the need for regular follow-up education to reinforce the program's positive impact. Overall, these activities demonstrate the critical importance of community-based health promotion in reducing the risk of occupational skin diseases and encouraging healthier and safer behavior changes in farmers.

This study aims to analyze the role of the village government in empowering corn farmers in Popayato Village, Pohuwato Regency. The village government, as the institution closest to the community, has a strategic responsibility in facilitating the development of local potential, particularly the corn farming sector, a leading regional commodity. This study used a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation. The results indicate that the village government plays an active role as a facilitator, initiator, motivator, and mediator in various empowerment programs, such as agricultural extension, production input assistance, and strengthening farmer group institutions. However, obstacles remain, such as budget constraints, lack of cross-sector synergy, and minimal regeneration of young farmers. Therefore, ongoing commitment and inter-institutional cooperation are needed to realize sustainable farmer empowerment.  

Proses budidaya jamur tiram sangat tergantung dengan kestabilan pada kondisi lingkungan, terutama suhu ruangan dan kelembapan yang harus di perhatikan oleh para petani.  Hal ini menjadi permasalahan ketika proses pemantauan dan pengendalian lingkungan secara manual dilakukan, membutuhkan tenaga yang kuat dan waktu yang cukup besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan Mendesain rancangan sistem monitoring dan kendali suhu ruangan budidaya jamur tiram secara otomatis dan jarak jauh berbasis teknologi Internet of Things (IoT) untuk para petani. Dalam proses sistem ini penelitian ini memanfaatkan sensor suhu dan kelembapan DHT11 sebagai input, mikrokontroler Arduino Uno sebagai pemroses data, dan modul ESP8266 sebagai pengirim data nirkabel ke aplikasi Android berbasis Blynk.  Adapun metode dalam penelitia ini digunakan pengembangan yang digunakan adalah Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) model waterfall, dan menganalisis kebutuhan, perancangan sistem, implementasi, pengujian, hingga pemeliharaan. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa sistem mampu membaca suhu dan mengaktifkan blower (kipas) secara otomatis ketika suhu melebihi ambang batas, serta menampilkan data suhu dan status kipas secara real-time melalui aplikasi Blynk. Dengan adanya sistem ini, pemantauan dan pengendalian lingkungan budidaya jamur dapat dilakukan lebih efisien dan fleksibel dan mendukung produktivitas budidaya secara optimal.

Wasted food is a global issue that has been around for a long time but has become increasingly serious without realizing it. The resulting impacts negatively affect many sectors, such as the environment, economy and social. Food waste can reduce farmers' income and increase consumer spending. Households can be said to be the biggest contributors to food waste because apart from daily consumption activities, the most dominant livelihood system of the people in Teriak sub-district is farming. The characteristics of farming households that play a major role in meeting household food needs are the socio-economic conditions of farmers, because it can describe the capacity of farmers in meeting their food needs, research was conducted on the causes of food waste behavior by farming households, especially Teriak District. This research aims to determine household consumption behavior towards the emergence of food waste and identify the influence of socio-demographic and socio-economic factors on food waste behavior by households in Teriak District, Bengkayang Regency. The research method used in this research is descriptive statistics with 100 sample respondents representing households. The variables in this study are divided into two, namely socio-demographics and household behavior. The research results show that the behavior of farming households is influenced by socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics of respondents such as age, length of education, number of family members, income and expenses. Food waste behavior includes several aspects such as the social environment, purchasing, storage, processing and consumption.

Program pengabdian masyarakat melalui penguatan manajemen bisnis telah dilaksanakan di Desa Manggarmas, Kecamatan Godong, Kabupaten Grobogan pada 25 Mei 2025. Program ini bertujuan meningkatkan kapasitas manajerial petani jamur melalui pelatihan manajemen usaha dan strategi pemasaran digital. Permasalahan utama yang dihadapi meliputi pencatatan keuangan yang belum optimal, ketiadaan standar pengemasan produk, dan minimnya pemanfaatan media digital untuk pemasaran. Kegiatan pelatihan menggunakan pendekatan edukatif dan partisipatif, mencakup distribusi hasil panen, teknik pengemasan, dan pemasaran digital. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan: manajemen usaha sederhana naik 75%, penguasaan teknik pengemasan meningkat 80%, dan penggunaan media digital untuk pemasaran bertambah 70%. Dampak positif terlihat dari munculnya pembeli dari luar desa setelah petani mengunggah produk ke media sosial, mendorong terwujudnya wirausahawan mandiri yang mampu mengembangkan usaha dan meningkatkan pendapatan.

Sustainable food security is a strategic issue in rural development that requires a comprehensive approach based on local communities. This community service activity aims to provide socialization and education on sustainable food security through a socio-economic phenomenological approach focusing on the role of farmer housewives in Pondidaha Village, Konawe Regency. The implementation methods include educational lectures, focused group discussions (FGD), field visits, and hands-on sustainable food management practices involving 20 farmer housewife respondents. The results show that 80% of participants gained adequate understanding of sustainable food security concepts, local food diversification strategies, and active roles in improving family welfare through strengthening socio-economic capacity. The main challenges identified include limited access to resources, dual roles of housewives, and seasonal income instability. The implemented solutions include sustainable agriculture management training, food diversification counseling, and improved market access. This socio-economic phenomenology-based education provides a perspective that the life experiences, cultural values, and habits of farmer housewives are key to the success of food security programs at the community level. This activity contributes to increasing awareness, skills, and community participation in realizing sustainable food security in Pondidaha Village.

Sustainable food security is a strategic issue in rural development that requires a comprehensive approach based on local communities. This community service activity aims to provide socialization and education on sustainable food security through a socio-economic phenomenological approach focusing on the role of farmer housewives in Pondidaha Village, Konawe Regency. The implementation methods include educational lectures, focused group discussions (FGD), field visits, and hands-on sustainable food management practices involving 20 farmer housewife respondents. The results show that 80% of participants gained adequate understanding of sustainable food security concepts, local food diversification strategies, and active roles in improving family welfare through strengthening socio-economic capacity. The main challenges identified include limited access to resources, dual roles of housewives, and seasonal income instability. The implemented solutions include sustainable agriculture management training, food diversification counseling, and improved market access. This socio-economic phenomenology-based education provides a perspective that the life experiences, cultural values, and habits of farmer housewives are key to the success of food security programs at the community level. This activity contributes to increasing awareness, skills, and community participation in realizing sustainable food security in Pondidaha Village.

Price fluctuations in agricultural commodities, including cocoa, are a common phenomenon that can be influenced by a variety of factors such as global market demand, seasonality, production volume, weather conditions, and product quality. These dynamic changes in prices can create uncertainty and directly impact the economic stability of farming households, especially in rural areas where agriculture is the primary source of income. This study aims to analyze the effect of cocoa price fluctuations on the welfare level of farmer households in Kaleok Village, Binuang Sub-district, Polewali Mandar Regency. The research adopts a descriptive quantitative approach with a field survey method to capture the lived experiences of cocoa farmers facing price instability. Primary data were gathered using a structured questionnaire based on a Likert scale from 74 respondents, selected through the Slovin formula to ensure representativeness. The data were analyzed using simple linear regression to determine the relationship between price volatility and welfare indicators such as income stability, access to education, healthcare, housing conditions, and overall quality of life. The findings reveal that cocoa price fluctuations significantly affect the welfare of farmer households. Higher fluctuations tend to reduce income certainty, limit household spending, and hinder long-term economic planning. These results emphasize the need for policy interventions such as price support mechanisms, farmer cooperatives, access to market information, and financial literacy programs. Ensuring price stability and strengthening institutional support could play a vital role in improving the economic resilience and living standards of cocoa farmers. This study contributes to the broader discourse on rural development, agricultural economics, and poverty reduction in Indonesia.

Indonesia is an agrarian country endowed with abundant natural resources, vast agricultural land, rich biodiversity, and a tropical climate that supports the development of the agricultural sector. One of the leading plantation commodities in West Papua Province is nutmeg, which is widely cultivated in the regions of Fakfak, Kaimana, and Teluk Bintuni. This study aims to analyze the influence of land area, education level, number of household members, and income on the welfare of nutmeg farming households, both partially and simultaneously. The research was conducted in Kampung Sekru, Pariwari District, Fakfak Regency, West Papua, where most of the population depends on nutmeg farming as their main livelihood. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression with the assistance of SPSS software, which includes the t-test, F-test, and coefficient of determination (R²). The findings show that partially, land area (X₁) with a significance value of 0.0573 and number of household members (X₃) with a significance of 0.0811 have no significant effect on household welfare (p > 0.05). In contrast, education level (X₂) with a significance value of 0.033 and income (X₄) with a significance of 0.001 show a significant effect (p < 0.05). Simultaneously, the F-test results indicate a significance value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), confirming that all independent variables together significantly affect the welfare of nutmeg farming households in Kampung Sekru.

The distribution of sugarcane from farmers to sugar mills in Indonesia continues to face various challenges, particularly in terms of logistical efficiency and farmers’ dependency on intermediaries. This study aims to analyze the role of intermediaries in determining the efficiency of sugarcane distribution, using a case study in Kedungmakam Village, Tuban Regency. A qualitative approach with a case study design was employed, enabling an in-depth understanding of distribution practices directly in the field. Data were collected through field observations, in-depth interviews with farmers, intermediaries, and retail traders, as well as supporting documentation. The results indicate that intermediaries play a crucial role in providing production capital, scheduling harvests, and managing transportation of sugarcane to the mills. However, their dominance, in the absence of formal contracts, creates relationship imbalances and weakens the bargaining position of farmers. Furthermore, geographical barriers, limited access to market information, and the lack of independent distribution infrastructure exacerbate inefficiencies and reduce fairness in the existing distribution system. Therefore, strengthening farmer institutions, improving contract transparency, and enhancing access to logistics and information are recommended as long-term solutions.

The European Green Deal is the European Union's strategy to reduce the impact of climate change and carry out major reforms in the agricultural sector. However, small and medium-sized farmers are suffering losses due to shift to more environmentally friendly agricultural system, stricter regulations, reduced subsidies, and restrictions on chemical fertilizers. In this journal, it can be seen how EGD policies create economic and social vulnerabilities that could threaten food security and the internal stability of the European Union. The methods used are a qualitative approach and descriptive analysis of the impact of green deal policies, which affect farmers and the general public. Data collection was conducted through a literature review of previous studies related to the impacts of the Green Deal. This journal discusses four key areas, the transformation of Green Deal policies, economic vulnerabilities faced by farmers, emerging social-political resistance, and implications for non-traditional security. The research indicates that while EGD policies aim to address climate threats, their implementation has led to non-security issues. A balance between climate and long-term food security is needed. To address social and economic changes at the domestic and regional levels, this study emphasizes the importance of inclusive and adaptive green transition policies.

The agrarian dispute that occurred in Pakel Village, Banyuwangi, illustrates the complexity of legal issues and structural inequalities that still linger from the New Order era. Several local farmers were detained on charges of vandalism and incitement, despite the fact that they were defending ancestral land that had been managed for generations against the unilateral claims of a plantation company. This article examines the incident through the lens of agrarian law, land ownership rights, and principles of social justice, while also analyzing the state's role in balancing the rights of indigenous communities and corporate interests. This case study shows that a repressive legal approach actually deepens inequality and hinders the process of agrarian reform. The conflict in Pakel Village is a clear reflection of the state's inability to handle agrarian conflicts fairly and sustainably.

As an agricultural country, farmers in Indonesia have a crucial role, their existence must be safeguarded within the agricultural sector. Encouraging farmers to engage in breeding or develop new superior plant varieties is essential for fostering independent and advanced Indonesian farmers. These breeding activities are governed by Law Number 22 of 2019 on Sustainable Agricultural Cultivation System, and Law Number 29 of 2000 Plant Variety Protection. However, these laws have led to challenges for farmers involved in breeding, as the Plant Variety Protection Law adopts liberal approach that prioritizes individual economic benefits and specifically protects breeders who have registered their new varieties. As a result, farmers who use traditional knowledge in their breeding practices are vulnerable to criminalization due to the registration system. This paper will examine the rights of farmers in breeding activities under Indonesian law and compare with regulations in Malaysia, which shares geographical proximity, customs, and membership in the World Trade Organization. The research method is normative legal research, utilizing both conceptual and comparative approach. The objective to explore the legal protection of farmers’ rights in breeding activities in both Indonesia and Malaysia, and provide recommendations for improving the protection of farmers' rights in the future.