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Maternal mental health is an important aspect during pregnancy and postpartum, which has a significant impact on both mother and baby. There are various psychological problem that may occur during pregnancy and the postpartum stage due to the physical and psychological changes that occur. In addition, a woman also adapt as her new role as s new parent. The purpose of this community service is an effort to increase the knowledge of pregnant and postpartum woman to minimize the occurrence of mental health disorders. This community activity method with socialization on mental health education for pregnant women and postpartum was held on May 15, 2023, at the Melati Posyandu Gunungjati Village, this program is aimed at pregnant women in first and third trimesters, the number of participants who attended was 16 people. Assessment of mother’s knowledge about mental health with pre-test and post-test. The result of socialization were analyzed by approaching descriptively, proving that with the educational provisions that have been provided, new knowledge can be added.

This study aims to describe the level of anxiety, stress, and depression in women undergoing In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) program and to see the distribution of psychological disorders based on sociodemographic characteristics and the stage of IVF program undertaken. The design of this study was descriptive quantitative with purposive sampling technique on 28 women who were undergoing IVF cycles in infertility clinics in Yogyakarta Special Region. Data were collected online through a questionnaire containing Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) instruments. Descriptive analysis showed that most respondents experienced moderate anxiety (42%), mild stress (38%), and mild depression (36%). The analysis also showed that sociodemographic characteristics, such as age older than 35 years, non-working employment status, and low education, had a higher tendency towards psychological disorders. In addition, certain phases of IVF, such as the waiting phase after embryo transfer, appeared to be associated with increased levels of anxiety and stress. This study emphasizes the importance of more intensive psychological support, especially for women who are in the more stressful stages of IVF, as well as for those with sociodemographic risk factors that increase their vulnerability to psychological disorders.

Auditory hallucinations are a common sensory perception disorder in patients with mental disorders. Dhikr therapy as a non-pharmacological intervention is proven to have a calming effect and help patients focus more on reality. A case study was conducted on one patient at Prof. Dr. M. Ildrem Mental Hospital in North Sumatra for seven days using the nursing process approach. Evaluation results with the AHRS scale showed a decrease in scores from 25 to 13. Patients experienced a decrease in the intensity of hallucinations and increased self-control. The conclusion of this case study is that dhikr therapy is effectively applied in mental nursing care as a nonpharmacological intervention to help patients control auditory hallucinations.

The elderly is among the most vulnerable groups in society due to progressive biological decline that weakens physical resistance, making them prone to chronic diseases such as hypertension. Hypertension is one of the most common multifactorial disorders in older adults, and its severity may be influenced by anxiety, which stimulates the sympathetic nervous system and increases blood pressure. This study aimed to examine the relationship between anxiety levels and hypertension among the elderly in the working area of Andalas Health Center, Padang City. An analytic study with a cross-sectional design was conducted involving 81 elderly participants diagnosed with hypertension, selected through accidental sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Geriatric Anxiety Scale (GAS) was employed as the research instrument, while data analysis used the Chi-square test. Results showed that the majority of respondents experienced mild anxiety (67 respondents, 82.7%) and uncontrolled hypertension (54 respondents, 66.6%). Statistical analysis revealed a p-value of 0.534, indicating no significant association between anxiety levels and hypertension in the elderly population studied. These findings are consistent with several previous studies reporting that the relationship between anxiety and blood pressure in the elderly is often inconsistent, largely due to other risk factors including age, gender, low physical activity, comorbidities, and poor adherence to antihypertensive treatment. The implication of this study highlights the necessity of a holistic approach to hypertension management in the elderly, addressing not only psychological aspects but also lifestyle modification, treatment adherence education, and strengthening public health programs. Therefore, this research is expected to serve as input for health workers at community health centers to improve strategies for preventing and controlling hypertension in elderly populations.

The incidence of violent behavior among mental health patients globally reaches 9%. One of the independent interventions carried out by nurses is the application of implementation strategies for patients with violent behavior tendencies, whose risk level is greater than that of other patients. This study aims to analyze the effect of implementation strategies on the risk of violent behavior in patients with mental disorders at the Aceh Mental Hospital. The implementation strategy consists of four main techniques: building trust, training in controlling violent behavior through medication, training in social/verbal risk control, and training in spiritual control. The study used a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach. A total of 2,166 inpatients at risk of violent behavior were identified over a one-year period, and 10 respondents were selected as samples using purposive sampling based on inclusion criteria. The research instrument was the BPAQ questionnaire, with aggression assessment ranging from low to very high. The results showed that the pretest average for signs and symptoms was 38.40, while the posttest score decreased to 11.60 after the implementation strategy intervention. Data analysis was performed using univariate and bivariate methods, with a paired t-test yielding a p-value of 0.000 (less than 0.05). This study concluded that the implementation strategy had a significant impact in reducing the risk of violent behavior in patients. It is recommended that patients' understanding of the implementation strategy therapy be continuously improved as an effort to control violent behavior.

Introduction : Bullying is aggressive behavior carried out by a person or group of people against another person or group of people who are weaker. Mental Health is a problem with emotional development, behavior and development. The aim of the research is to determine the relationship between bullying and mental health among teenagers. This research uses a quantitative research design. The research method used was cross sectional. The sampling technique in this research uses random sampling with the number of respondents are 159 people. The instrument used is questionnaire sheet. This study uses Independent variable Bullying and dependent variable mental health. Data analysis in this study uses the chi-square test. The results of this study show that there is bullying behavior as many as (82.4%) and mental health was in the disturbed category as many as 129 respondents (81.1%). The statistical test results are obtained with a p-value of 0.000, a value >5. These results indicate that there is a significant relationship between bullying and mental health for respondents. It is necessary for students to respect each other without looking at their background, physique or any differences to be good friends, get along well, support each other, provide assistance and try not to bully weak friends and the school is expected to pay more attention to bullying actions that occur in school environment.

Elderly individuals are a group vulnerable to sleep disorders, with over 50% of them reporting a decline in sleep quality. Sleep disturbances in the elderly can affect their quality of life, which in turn impacts their physical and mental health. One non-pharmacological intervention considered safe, simple, and effective for improving sleep quality in the elderly is foot soaking in warm water. This study aims to evaluate the effect of foot soaking in warm water on the sleep quality of elderly individuals in the working area of Slawi Health Center. The research design used was pre-experimental with a one-group pre-test post-test design. A total of 34 elderly participants were selected using total sampling technique. The intervention consisted of soaking feet in warm water at a temperature of 37°C–39°C for 10 minutes before sleep, conducted for three consecutive days. Sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. The data obtained were analyzed using Paired Sample T-test for normally distributed data. The results showed that the average sleep quality score before the intervention was 10.12, which decreased to 7.85 after the intervention. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference in the mean scores before and after the intervention with a significance value of 0.0001. This indicates that foot soaking in warm water significantly impacts the improvement of sleep quality in the elderly. This intervention can be recommended as an effective, practical, and easy-to-implement independent nursing action to improve sleep quality in the elderly. Based on these findings, foot soaking in warm water can be a good option to improve sleep quality in the elderly, especially in community healthcare services.

Mental health is an important aspect that supports quality of life, including a state of well-being related to happiness, satisfaction, achievement, optimism, and dynamic hope according to life situations (Fitri, 2025; Herlina et al., 2024). Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder characterized by an inability to communicate, impaired perception of reality (illusions and hallucinations), and loss of self-confidence, included in the category of psychosis (Mardiana et al., 2024). The purpose of writing this scientific paper is to find out and implement psychiatric nursing care for Mr. R, with the main problem of sensory perception disorders: auditory hallucinations due to schizophrenia that are not detailed in the Hudowol Room of Dr. Amino Gondohutomo Mental Hospital, Central Java Province. The method used is a descriptive approach with a case study. The case review results showed that the client heard male and female voices saying negative things and often talked to himself. The problem tree identified sensory perception disorders: auditory hallucinations as the core problem, accompanied by self-care deficits, social isolation, and the risk of violent behavior. Interventions are designed based on implementation strategy guidelines for clients and families, implemented, and evaluated as documented evidence

This study aims to determine the level of body dissatisfaction among individuals experiencing food addiction. Food addiction is characterized by impulsive and uncontrolled eating behavior, particularly toward high-fat and high-sugar foods, accompanied by physical and psychological dependence. This condition increases the risk of weight gain and negatively impacts body image, especially among female college students who are vulnerable to social pressure and ideal beauty standards. The research employed a descriptive quantitative approach with incidental sampling techniques. Participants consisted of six female students from the Psychology and Primary School Teacher Education (PGSD) programs at Universitas Negeri Padang, selected based on the food addiction criteria outlined in the DSM-5. The Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-16A) was used to measure body dissatisfaction levels. Data were analyzed using percentage distribution to provide a general overview of body dissatisfaction among the research subjects. The results showed that 66.66% of participants experienced high to very high levels of body dissatisfaction. This indicates a positive relationship between food addiction and body dissatisfaction. Students with food addiction tend to have negative perceptions of their body shape, influenced by social pressures, media exposure, and prevailing beauty ideals in society. These findings highlight the need for appropriate psychological interventions and education about healthy eating habits and self-acceptance in university environments. Through a comprehensive approach, it is hoped that students can develop a more positive body image and avoid eating disorders that may harm their physical and mental health. Additionally, this study can serve as a basis for developing mental health promotion programs and eating disorder prevention efforts among university students.

Background: Regular physical activity has a significant impact on improving the quality of health in all age groups. One of the main factors causing the increasing prevalence of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes, heart disease, and obesity is lack of physical activity. Data from various studies show that increasing physical activity and fitness levels can reduce the relative risk of death by 20% to 35%. This condition shows that physical activity is not only important for maintaining fitness, but also has a vital role in preventing premature death caused by chronic diseases. Objective: This study aims to systematically examine the benefits of physical activity on health and fitness through a systematic review of 13 relevant scientific articles. Results: The findings show that regular physical activity can improve and maintain muscle and bone health, reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and obesity, and reduce symptoms of mental disorders such as depression and schizophrenia. In addition, physical activity also plays a role in improving psychological well-being. Conclusion: Consistent physical activity contributes to the primary and secondary prevention of various chronic diseases, reduces the risk of premature death, maintains a balanced body composition, and supports optimal organ function. This results in a healthier, fitter body, and individuals being more productive in their daily activities.  

The increasing number of mental health disorders in various countries has created an urgent need for innovation in the diagnosis and treatment process. This problem not only impacts individuals' quality of life but also creates a significant social and economic burden. One solution that is beginning to be widely researched is the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of mental health. This research used a literature review of various previous studies discussing the role, application, and impact of AI. The results of the review indicate that AI technology, particularly in the form of digital applications such as chatbots, has great potential to support the recovery process for patients with mental disorders. AI-based chatbots can provide responsive, two-way interactions, so users feel heard and receive initial emotional support. One technical approach used is Natural Language Processing (NLP), which enables the system to understand natural human language. Simultaneously, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) algorithms are used to analyze language patterns and detect symptoms of depression more accurately. Various studies have reported that the application of NLP and LSTM can improve the reliability of diagnoses and provide responses tailored to user needs. Furthermore, AI can provide personalized recommendations, tailor interventions to the user's condition, and monitor mental health developments in real time. This has the potential to assist mental health practitioners in making faster and more informed decisions. However, the adoption of AI among practitioners remains relatively low. Influencing factors include limited technological understanding, limited infrastructure, and debates over ethical aspects and data privacy. Therefore, while AI has significant potential to improve the quality of mental health services, regulations, ethical guidelines, and synergy between technology and healthcare professionals are needed to ensure safe and effective implementation.

Criminal liability, also known as "criminal responsibility," is a legal assessment that is made after all elements of a criminal act are met or evidence of a criminal act is proven. The purpose of this assessment is to determine whether the defendant can be held accountable for the criminal act committed. This study specifically focuses on criminal liability for the perpetrator of murder who is a person with paranoid schizophrenia, as well as the factors that influence the act of murder. The approaches used in this study are normative juridical and empirical juridical juridical The research involved the Judge of the Gedong Tataan District Court and a Psychiatrist at the Regional Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Lampung as the main speakers. Data collection was carried out through literature studies and field studies to obtain a comprehensive picture related to the legal, medical, psychological, and social aspects of the case being studied. The results of the study show that the defendant, even though it is legally proven that he committed a criminal act as stated in Decision No. 105/Pid.B/2023/PN.Gdt, is bound by the provisions of Article 5 letter a juncto Article 44 Paragraph (3) of Law Number 23 of 2004 concerning the elimination of domestic violence. However, based on judicial, medical, and psychological considerations, the defendant cannot be criminally held liable for his actions for excused reasons related to mental disorders. Factors that affect this act of murder include psychological aspects, psychological conditions, mental health, traumatic experiences, and the social and family environment in which the perpetrator grew up. The analysis shows the importance of an integrative understanding between criminal law, psychiatry, and social conditions in determining criminal liability.

Sleep is a vital state of rest for humans to maintain a healthy body. After a day of activity, the body requires adequate sleep to recover and regain energy. One common sleep disorder is insomnia, characterized by difficulty sleeping both in terms of quality and quantity. Insomnia has traditionally been treated with sedatives, drugs that reduce anxiety and provide a calming effect with little or no impairment to motor and mental function. However, long-term use of chemical drugs can cause side effects, necessitating alternatives, one of which is the use of traditional medicine. Areca nut (Areca catechu L.) is known to possess antioxidant, antimutagenic, astringent (tightening), and intoxicating properties that have long been used in traditional medicine. This study was conducted experimentally in a laboratory to determine the sedative-hypnotic effects of areca nut ethanol extract. The observed parameter was survival time on the rotarod, and the data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA for homogeneity testing and Shapiro-Wilk for normality testing. If the data were not homogeneous or normal (p < 0.05), the analysis was continued with the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. The results showed that administration of areca nut ethanol suspension as a positive control with varying doses did not produce significant differences, meaning that all three doses had the same sedative-hypnotic effect. In the treatment groups with areca nut ethanol extract doses of 0.52 mg/kgBW and 0.78 mg/kgBW, significant differences were observed compared to the negative control, indicating a clear sedative-hypnotic effect. Therefore, it can be concluded that areca nut (Areca catechu L.) ethanol extract at doses of 0.52 mg/kgBW and 0.78 mg/kgBW has the potential to provide sedative-hypnotic effects and can therefore be used as an alternative treatment for sleep disorders.

Mental disorders are health problems that affect individuals, families, and communities, where the negative stigma given by families to members with mental disorders can influence the acceptance and support they receive. This study aimed to determine the relationship between family stigma and family acceptance toward people with mental disorders (PWMD) in the working area of Ladang Tuha Public Health Center, Pasie Raja Subdistrict, South Aceh. The research employed a descriptive-analytic design with a cross-sectional approach, involving 65 families selected using the total sampling technique. The instruments used were the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) questionnaire and a family acceptance questionnaire, analyzed using the Chi-Square test with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that the majority of respondents had low stigma (67.7%) and poor acceptance (61.5%), with a p-value = 0.000, indicating a significant relationship between family stigma and family acceptance toward PWMD. The study concluded that the lower the family stigma, the better the acceptance toward PWMD; thus, educational efforts and family empowerment are needed to reduce stigma and improve acceptance.

In contemporary media, characters who self-diagnose with psychological disorders often reflect deeper emotional and psychological complexities rather than clinically accurate conditions. One compelling example is found in the British dark comedy-drama series The End of The F**ing World*, where James claims to be a psychopath. However, this self-diagnosis raises critical psychological questions: Is James truly incapable of empathy, or is his label a defense mechanism masking unresolved trauma from his childhood? By applying Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory—particularly the structural model of personality (id, ego, superego)—alongside Anna Freud’s theory of defense mechanisms, this study investigates the role of self-diagnosis not as an objective or medically valid truth, but as a psychological shield to avoid emotional vulnerability and confrontation with repressed pain. James' behaviors are analyzed through selected scenes and dialogues in the series, with additional triangulation from the original graphic novel to support the interpretation. The analysis reveals that James’ declaration of being a psychopath aligns more with mechanisms such as repression, projection, and emotional numbing, rather than the clinical criteria of psychopathy. His emotional detachment is revealed to be a constructed barrier stemming from maternal loss, neglect, and fear of connection. The study concludes that self-diagnosis in this context acts as a subconscious strategy to cope with unresolved trauma and to maintain psychological equilibrium amid inner conflict. This case exemplifies how fictional representations can mirror real-life struggles with identity, mental health, and the desire to label complex emotions through simplified diagnostic terms, especially in youth who lack proper support systems.  

Mental health in productive-age individuals is an important aspect to consider, given that this age group has a high potential for experiencing emotional stress due to work, social, and personal demands. Unfortunately, psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety, and stress are often not recognized early because their symptoms are subclinical or hidden. Based on this background, mental health screening and education activities were conducted to support promotive and preventive efforts in maintaining the psychological well-being of productive-age individuals. Screening was conducted using the 42-item version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-42) instrument on 49 participants within the productive age range. After completing the questionnaire, participants received a collective education session delivered through posters. The educational material was tailored to the measurement results and distribution of DASS-42 scores obtained from the participants. The aim of this approach was to raise awareness of each individual's psychological condition and equip participants with knowledge about the early symptoms of common mental disorders. The screening results showed that a proportion of participants experienced mild to severe psychological symptoms, particularly in the anxiety domain. This finding indicates a hidden emotional burden that is not yet recognized by the individuals concerned. Through the delivery of visual education based on population measurement results, participants gained a better understanding of the urgency of early recognition of psychological problems and the importance of maintaining ongoing mental health. This activity demonstrated that visual education, such as posters, can be an effective tool in increasing mental health literacy among those of working age. Furthermore, the data-driven approach provided a more relevant and personalized impact, thus encouraging participant engagement in mental health prevention efforts.

This study examines criminal liability for the crime of exhibitionism in Indonesia and the forms of protection provided to its victims. Exhibitionism is a deviant behavior in the form of exposing genitals to others without consent, which is classified as a form of sexual harassment. Although often considered a minor act or even just "fun", exhibitionism has serious psychological impacts on victims, such as trauma, fear, anxiety, and long-term mental disorders, especially if it occurs repeatedly or is experienced by minors. From a legal aspect, the crime of exhibitionism can be prosecuted through several articles in the Criminal Code (KUHP), including Article 281 which regulates indecent acts in public, and Article 289 if the exhibitionism is carried out with violence or threats of violence. In addition, Law Number 44 of 2008 concerning Pornography can also be used as a legal basis, especially if the exhibitionism is carried out through digital media. If the victim is a child, Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection will increase the perpetrator's punishment. The criminal liability of exhibitionists depends heavily on their mental state. Under Indonesian criminal law, a person can only be held criminally responsible if they are legally capable of being held accountable. If a perpetrator is proven to have a serious mental disorder based on a psychiatric expert's testimony, they may be subject to special measures instead of criminal punishment, such as rehabilitation in a mental hospital. Protection for victims of exhibitionism must be comprehensive. This includes facilitating the reporting process to authorities, prompt handling by law enforcement, providing counseling or psychological support, protecting the victim's identity, and educating the public to prevent exhibitionism. Integrating legal aspects, mental health, and public education is crucial in breaking the chain of this crime.

Sleep disturbances are a common complaint among postpartum mothers, and this condition can affect the physical and psychological recovery process after childbirth. Untreated sleep disturbances can lead to various problems, such as fatigue, decreased quality of life, and even the risk of mental health disorders such as postpartum depression. One non-pharmacological approach that can be used to address these sleep disturbances is lavender aromatherapy. Lavender aromatherapy is known to have a calming effect that can help improve sleep quality. This community service activity aims to increase postpartum mothers' knowledge about the use of lavender aromatherapy as a complementary therapy to address their sleep problems. The activity was conducted in June 2025 at the Lismarini Independent Midwife Practice (PMB), using methods that included education, discussion, and distribution of informative leaflets. A total of 15 postpartum mothers participated in this activity, and to measure their knowledge, pre- and post-tests were conducted before and after the education session. The evaluation results showed a significant increase in participants' knowledge levels after participating in the education about lavender aromatherapy. Education about the use of lavender aromatherapy has been proven effective in increasing postpartum mothers' understanding of the benefits and how to use this therapy. Thus, lavender aromatherapy can be a beneficial health promotion strategy to support postpartum recovery. Through this activity, it is hoped that postpartum mothers can apply the knowledge gained to independently improve their sleep quality, thereby supporting their physical and mental health during the recovery period. This activity also contributes to efforts to improve overall public health and provides new insights for healthcare workers in educating postpartum mothers about safe and effective alternative therapies.

Background: Anxiety before childbirth is a psychological disorder often experienced by pregnant women, especially in the third trimester of pregnancy. Fear of pain, worry about the condition of the fetus, and uncertainty about the delivery process are the main triggering factors. If not handled properly, this anxiety can have serious consequences, such as increased stress hormones (cortisol), sleep disorders, high blood pressure, and even labor complications. Therefore, interventions are needed that not only focus on physical aspects, but also support mental and emotional balance. Objective: The purpose of this activity is to provide education and practical training to pregnant women on anxiety management before childbirth through the application of complementary therapies, and to evaluate the effectiveness of this approach in increasing the readiness and calmness of participants. Method: The activity was carried out at PMB Lismarini, Tulungagung, involving 20 pregnant women in their third trimester. Education was carried out interactively using visual media and group discussions. Next, participants participated in the practice of three types of complementary therapies: (1) deep breathing relaxation with diaphragmatic breathing techniques, (2) aromatherapy using lavender as a relaxation agent, and (3) classical music with a slow rhythm played during the session. Results: This activity showed positive results. Eighty-five percent of participants experienced an increase in knowledge scores after the educational session, and 60% showed a significant decrease in anxiety levels based on questionnaire results. Most participants also reported feeling calmer, more prepared, and more confident in facing childbirth. The satisfaction rate with the activity reached 90%, indicating that the methods implemented were well-received by participants. Conclusion: Complementary therapy combined with education is effective in helping pregnant women manage anxiety before childbirth. This activity emphasizes the importance of a holistic approach to antenatal care.

Background: Anxiety before childbirth is a psychological disorder often experienced by pregnant women, especially in the third trimester of pregnancy. Fear of pain, worry about the condition of the fetus, and uncertainty about the delivery process are the main triggering factors. If not handled properly, this anxiety can have serious consequences, such as increased stress hormones (cortisol), sleep disorders, high blood pressure, and even labor complications. Therefore, interventions are needed that not only focus on physical aspects, but also support mental and emotional balance. Objective: The purpose of this activity is to provide education and practical training to pregnant women on anxiety management before childbirth through the application of complementary therapies, and to evaluate the effectiveness of this approach in increasing the readiness and calmness of participants. Method: The activity was carried out at PMB Lismarini, Tulungagung, involving 20 pregnant women in their third trimester. Education was carried out interactively using visual media and group discussions. Next, participants participated in the practice of three types of complementary therapies: (1) deep breathing relaxation with diaphragmatic breathing techniques, (2) aromatherapy using lavender as a relaxation agent, and (3) classical music with a slow rhythm played during the session. Results: This activity showed positive results. Eighty-five percent of participants experienced an increase in knowledge scores after the educational session, and 60% showed a significant decrease in anxiety levels based on questionnaire results. Most participants also reported feeling calmer, more prepared, and more confident in facing childbirth. The satisfaction rate with the activity reached 90%, indicating that the methods implemented were well-received by participants. Conclusion: Complementary therapy combined with education is effective in helping pregnant women manage anxiety before childbirth. This activity emphasizes the importance of a holistic approach to antenatal care.