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Adolescents are a group at risk of emotional and social changes, including the impact of verbal abuse that can lower self-confidence. At SMP Negeri 16 Palangka Raya, some students often face taunts, insults, and hurtful labels from their peers. Some students exhibit shy behavior, withdraw, and have low self-confidence. Verbal abuse is often seen as a joke, but it can negatively affect the psychological condition of adolescents. Positive attitudes are believed to help adolescents face verbal abuse more constructively. This study aims to analyze the relationship between attitudes and adolescents' self-confidence in dealing with verbal abuse. The study used a quantitative method with a correlational design and a cross-sectional approach. A total of 55 students from classes VIII-1 and VIII-2 were selected as samples using total sampling technique. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using Spearman Rank test. The results showed that all respondents had a positive attitude, but 81.8% had only moderate self-confidence. The p-value of 0.007 (< 0.05) indicates a significant relationship between attitude and self-confidence. This suggests that positive attitude alone is not enough, and emotional education and psychosocial support are needed to improve adolescents' self-confidence in dealing with verbal abuse.

This paper aims to explore the legal basis and ethical reasoning for the revocation of parental rights due to domestic violence by placing the child's best interests as a compass and mapping the gap between norms and judicial practices. The method used is normative-doctrinal legal research based on a literature review of the Domestic Violence Law, the Marriage Law, the Child Protection Law, selected jurisprudence, and scientific literature, analyzed qualitatively through systematic interpretation, argument construction, and linking to the facts of the impact of domestic violence on children. The results show that positive law provides a firm basis for sanctions and protections including restrictions on interaction and revocation of custody rights, but implementation is often hampered by vague evidence of psychological violence, the victim's economic dependence, and weak execution of alimony; revocation effectively breaks the cycle when accompanied by a protection order, a post-decision parenting plan, and ongoing psychosocial support. Policy implications include guidelines for proving coercive control, expanding access to timely protection orders, integrating trauma-informed services in religious courts, and a mechanism for executing alimony that does not burden victims, with schools, community health centers, and communities as early detection nodes. Ultimately, legal work and social networks converge in one simple goal: that home again means a safe place for children to return.

The incidence of violent behavior among mental health patients globally reaches 9%. One of the independent interventions carried out by nurses is the application of implementation strategies for patients with violent behavior tendencies, whose risk level is greater than that of other patients. This study aims to analyze the effect of implementation strategies on the risk of violent behavior in patients with mental disorders at the Aceh Mental Hospital. The implementation strategy consists of four main techniques: building trust, training in controlling violent behavior through medication, training in social/verbal risk control, and training in spiritual control. The study used a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach. A total of 2,166 inpatients at risk of violent behavior were identified over a one-year period, and 10 respondents were selected as samples using purposive sampling based on inclusion criteria. The research instrument was the BPAQ questionnaire, with aggression assessment ranging from low to very high. The results showed that the pretest average for signs and symptoms was 38.40, while the posttest score decreased to 11.60 after the implementation strategy intervention. Data analysis was performed using univariate and bivariate methods, with a paired t-test yielding a p-value of 0.000 (less than 0.05). This study concluded that the implementation strategy had a significant impact in reducing the risk of violent behavior in patients. It is recommended that patients' understanding of the implementation strategy therapy be continuously improved as an effort to control violent behavior.

This study aims to analyze the responsibilities of the Witness and Victim Protection Agency (LPSK) and the state in implementing restitution for victims of sexual violence, particularly when the perpetrators are unable to pay or are sentenced to death. The background of this research lies in the weak implementation of restitution, which should be a fundamental right of victims, as illustrated by the case of Herry Wirawan based on the Bandung High Court Decision Number 86/Pid.Sus/2022/PT Bdg. The research addresses two main problems: (1) how the state and LPSK ensure the victims’ rights to restitution under such circumstances, and (2) what obstacles hinder the implementation of restitution based on the decision. The study employs a normative juridical method with a statutory and case study approach. The findings show that the implementation of restitution still faces serious obstacles, such as the absence of technical mechanisms, the lack of designated executing institutions, and the lack of coordination among law enforcement agencies. LPSK plays a role in proposing and calculating restitution amounts but lacks execution authority. Moreover, the state has not yet fulfilled its role as the ultimate guarantor for victims when the perpetrator is unable to comply. In conclusion, Indonesia’s legal system needs to strengthen technical regulations, ensure inter-agency coordination, and affirm the state's role as a guarantor of restitution to achieve meaningful restorative justice for victims of sexual violence

Psychological violence against children remains a critical issue that is often overlooked because it does not leave visible physical injuries, yet its long-term consequences can significantly hinder children’s emotional, social, and academic development. Addressing this problem requires not only legal and institutional measures but also preventive efforts at the family and community levels. The Community Service Program (KKN) entitled “Safe Home Supporting Child Development” in Desa Nusawungu was designed as a community-based educational initiative to raise parents’ awareness of the importance of creating an emotionally safe home environment. The program was implemented through the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) method, which integrated structured material presentations, individual reflections using digital forms, and interactive group discussions. This combination allowed participants to gain knowledge, critically reflect on their own parenting practices, and share experiences with peers. The results revealed a notable increase in parents’ awareness of the detrimental effects of psychological violence on children’s well-being, their readiness to adopt positive parenting strategies, and their ability to identify challenges commonly faced in daily child-rearing practices. Moreover, participants expressed enthusiasm for sustaining similar activities in the future, highlighting the importance of continuous learning and the establishment of a parent learning community. The program demonstrated that simple, low-cost, and locally adapted interventions can effectively enhance parenting literacy, reduce the risk of psychological violence, and strengthen the developmental foundation of children during their golden age. These findings suggest that empowering parents through participatory education can serve as a replicable model for other communities facing similar challenges, thus contributing to the broader goal of ensuring children’s rights to grow in a safe and nurturing environment.

Sexual violence is any act of humiliating, insulting, attacking, and/or other acts against a person's body, sexual desires and/or reproductive function by force. This form of sexual violence can occur in everyday interactions among teenagers, including when they start having relationships with the opposite sex. This can be minimized in various ways, one of which is by providing motivation for teenagers to prevent acts of sexual violence. Motivation given to teenagers can be in the form of learning media, one of which is digital poster media. Digital poster media is more effective as an outreach medium because it helps stimulate the sense of sight, the visual aspect of poster images makes it easier to receive information. The aim of this research is to determine the development of digital poster media in preventing sexual violence against teenagers at Senior High School 5 Surakarta. This research method uses Research and Development (R&D), with the ADDIE model being developed in 5 stages, namely (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The results of this research obtained an assessment of digital poster media from material experts 96%, media experts 67%, small scale trials 83.3%, and field trials 83.83%, so it can be concluded that the media developed is "very feasible" to be used in preventing sexual violence against teenagers at Senior High School 5 Surakarta

Education plays a fundamental role in shaping character, developing personality, and exploring students' potential. Schools should ideally be safe, comfortable, and conducive spaces for student growth and development. However, reality shows that the school environment is still vulnerable to negative behaviors such as bullying and sexual violence. Bullying is understood as aggressive behavior carried out repeatedly with the aim of harming the victim, whether through physical, verbal, social, or online media (cyberbullying). Meanwhile, sexual violence includes various forms of sexual acts without the victim's consent, which have serious impacts on psychological, social, and academic achievement. Sexual violence in schools not only harms the victims physically but also leaves deep psychological scars that may affect their future. To respond to this problem, KKM Group 30 Bina Bangsa University conducted a socialization activity entitled "Stop Bullying and Sexual Violence" at SMAN X, District Y. The main objective of this activity was to provide in-depth understanding, build awareness, and encourage mutual respect in the school environment. The outreach was conducted through several methods, including presentations by resource persons, educational drama performances depicting real-life cases, and interactive question-and-answer sessions involving active student participation. Interactive sessions are essential to engage students and encourage them to express their thoughts openly. The results of the activities demonstrated high student enthusiasm, increased understanding of the forms and impacts of bullying and sexual violence, and a growing awareness to report victims or witnesses. These activities emphasized that prevention is not solely the responsibility of schools but also requires collaboration between students, teachers, parents, and the wider community. This creates a safe, comfortable learning environment free from all forms of violence.

The phenomenon of increasing sexual violence crimes committed by children in Indonesia poses a dilemma for law enforcement. Children as perpetrators are legally responsible subjects, but they still require special protection. This study analyzes the dualism in the regulations of Law No. 11 of 2012 on the Juvenile Criminal Justice Sistem (UU SPPA) and Law No. 35 of 2014 on Child Protection. A normative and empirical legal approach is used to assess the substance, philosophy, and implementation of both laws. The results indicate inconsistencies in the application of restorative justice principles (diversion) and repressive sanctions. It is recommended that regulations be harmonized and the capacity of law enforcement officials be strengthened to achieve a fair and recovery-oriented sistem.

Dating violence among adolescents is a phenomenon that is often unnoticed and hidden behind relationships considered to be normal. Many adolescents get caught in unhealthy relationships due to a lack of understanding about boundaries and the types of violence that can occur in dating relationships, such as physical, verbal, emotional, and sexual abuse. Dating violence is often seen as part of the normal dynamics of a relationship, but it can have significant negative impacts on the mental and physical health of adolescents involved. This study aims to provide education on the importance of recognizing signs of dating violence and to encourage adolescents to build healthy, equitable relationships. Through educational activities, it is hoped that adolescents can increase their awareness of dating violence, understand the importance of boundaries, and gain the courage to take action if they or their partners experience violence. This education also aims to foster empathy, respect, and healthy communication skills between adolescent couples. The education provided includes information that helps adolescents recognize the different forms of violence and how to avoid them. It also emphasizes the importance of open communication and mutual support in relationships. With good communication skills, adolescents are expected to resolve conflicts constructively and keep their relationships positive. Values of equality and mutual respect in relationships are also introduced to ensure that both partners feel valued and respected. With a better understanding of healthy relationships, it is hoped that adolescents will be able to make better decisions in their relationships. Through ongoing education, dating violence can be prevented from an early age. This will allow adolescents to engage in safer, more respectful, and positive relationships, while reducing the negative effects of dating violence.

A child who becomes a victim of a criminal act, often referred to as a child victim, is one who experiences physical, psychological suffering, and/or loss of property due to a criminal act. In the case of children who are victims of sexual violence, it is not limited to physically healthy children, but also includes children with disabilities, whether physical, mental, or intellectual. These child victims have the right to restitution, which is a form of compensation for the harm and losses they have suffered. This study aims to identify the challenges faced by child victims of sexual violence and explain how the restitution process can be implemented within the context of Indonesian law. The author applies a normative research method and gathers data through literature review. The data obtained comes from legal regulations, court rulings, books, and relevant internet sources. The findings of this study indicate that restitution is a right granted to victims as a form of accountability from the perpetrator for their actions. Restitution aims to provide compensation for the victim’s suffering and loss, both materially and psychologically. However, several obstacles to fulfilling the right to restitution for child victims were identified. One of the main obstacles is the lack of understanding from the victim's family regarding the importance of restitution. Often, the victim’s family is unaware that they have the right to request restitution as part of the legal process. Additionally, inadequate cooperation between law enforcement and related institutions is another barrier to fulfilling the right to restitution. The lack of coordination between agencies in handling child sexual violence cases leads to delays in the restitution process. Therefore, it is crucial to raise awareness among the families of victims and improve cooperation between law enforcement, child protection agencies, and other related parties to ensure that the right to restitution is properly fulfilled.

Community service is one of the main pillars of the Tri Dharma of Higher Education, which plays a strategic role in connecting theoretical knowledge with its real-life application in society. Through these activities, universities not only act as centers for scientific development but also as agents of social change that encourage improvements in the quality of life of the community. This community service article discusses legal counseling activities focused on preventing domestic violence (KDRT), which were carried out in Sidokumpul Village, Guntur District, Demak Regency. This activity aims to increase residents' understanding and legal awareness regarding rights and obligations within the family, as well as providing knowledge about legal procedures that can be taken in the event of domestic violence. The implementation method of the activity included interactive presentations that combined theory with case examples, group discussions to explore problems faced by residents, and the collection and analysis of supporting data regarding the level of legal understanding before and after the activity. This approach allows participants to be actively involved and gain insights relevant to their conditions. The results of the activity show a significant increase in community understanding regarding domestic violence. In addition, an initiative emerged from residents to form a "Legally Aware Family" group as a forum for education and advocacy at the village level. This demonstrates that legal counseling can foster critical awareness and encourage active community participation in preventing domestic violence. This article recommends the need for ongoing, regular legal counseling programs to foster a more legally aware community capable of protecting its rights and creating a harmonious family environment free from violence.

This study aims to examine the perspectives of students from the Islamic Family Law (HKI) Study Program regarding Ministerial Regulation of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology (Permendikbudristek) No. 30 of 2021 concerning the Prevention and Handling of Sexual Violence in Higher Education Institutions. Particular focus is given to Article 5 paragraph 2, which contains the phrase “without the victim’s consent,” a clause that has sparked considerable public debate. This qualitative field research was conducted at the Faculty of Sharia, UIN Sjech M. Djamil Djambek Bukittinggi, involving 17 final-semester students selected using a snowball sampling technique. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and documentation, then analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings indicate that most students had limited understanding of the regulation due to the lack of socialization and outreach within the university. Moreover, the majority expressed concern over the phrase “without the victim’s consent,” which they viewed as ambiguous and potentially legitimizing consensual sexual relations outside of marriage—a practice prohibited in Islamic law. While the students supported the need for legal protection against sexual violence, they called for the revision of the regulation to align more closely with the principles of fiqh and Islamic jurisprudence. Thus, the effective implementation of this policy within Islamic higher education institutions requires the harmonization of state law and Islamic values.

In the modern era, law enforcement faces increasingly complex challenges driven by socio-economic inequality, rapid urbanization, advancements in information technology, and shifting societal values. One significant consequence is the rise in violent crimes committed collectively (mobbing), which remains concerning issue in Indonesia, including Bantul, DIY. This research adopts a legal and empirical approach, examining causal factors and challenges faced by the Bantul Police’s Criminal Investigation Unit in handling mob violence cases. These acts are regulated under Article 170 of the KUHP, characterized by their open (openlijk) and collective (met vereenigde krachten) nature. Factors influencing mob violence include environmental conditions, personal revenge, the influence of social media, and educational background. Obstacles in the investigation include difficulties in identifying perpetrators, collecting sufficient evidence, and addressing the psychological state of both victims and witnesses. Statistical data highlights this ongoing issue: in 2022, there were 84 reported cases with 64 resolved; in 2023, 58 cases were reported with 42 resolved; in 2024, 53 cases were recorded with 41 resolved. From January to May 2025 alone, 21 reports were filed, with only 15 resolved. Although the number of reports has declined, the persistence of these cases demands more serious and coordinated responses from all stakeholders.

Sexual violence among adolescents is an increasingly serious issue, exacerbated by limited knowledge and lack of education, which heightens their vulnerability. One innovative approach to addressing this problem is the use of educational applications such as BEYDI (Self-Empowerment), designed to enhance adolescents’ awareness and knowledge of sexual violence prevention. This study aimed to determine the effect of BEYDI application-based education on students’ knowledge regarding sexual violence prevention at SMPN 3 Lamongan. The study employed a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach. The population consisted of 63 eighth-grade students from classes 8A and 8B, selected through total sampling. Data were collected using pretest and posttest questionnaires and analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. The results indicated a significant increase in students’ knowledge after receiving the educational intervention via the BEYDI application (p < 0.05). It can be concluded that the BEYDI app-based education was effective in enhancing students’ knowledge of sexual violence prevention and can be considered an interactive and efficient alternative educational tool in the school setting.

This community service article aims to escalate Gen Z's understanding of sexual violence, which continues to show a concerning trend in case numbers, thereby hindering the nation's aspirations towards a civil society. The cause of the high trend in sexual violence is that victims do not yet understand the content of the TPKS Law; the reporting mechanism and the legal process in court. Considering that the effectiveness of the law cannot be sufficiently realized through adequate content and means (legal substance-legal structure), efforts are needed through the work of other variables, such as community involvement (legal culture), which in this service activity is carried out and participated in by students from SMA Negeri 1 Wangon. The method used in this program is lectures and interactive discussions. The result of this program is a comprehensive understanding of the TPKS Law, which is then followed by building a commitment to combat sexual violence through daily campaigns, both in the form of preventive and repressive actions carried out in social-community environments and on social media. So that the aspiration for the formation of a civil society can be realized.

Sexual violence  against women  is a serious issue the  leaves deep traumatic impacts and significantly affects the mental health of the victims. This research aims to investigate the psychological impact experienced by women who are victims of sexual violence. The main focus of research includes post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression, sense of  meaning,  and decreased self-esteem. The methodology of this research applies a qualitative approach by conducting a literature review of various journals, reports, and related articles. The research results show that sexual violence not only causes physical suffering but also significantly impacts the emotional and mental stability of the victims over a long period. Therefore, social  support, counselling service, and psychological assistance are essential elements in the healing process. This study is expected to enhance public understanding of the impact of sexual violence and encourage the formulation of more effective policies in handling and preventing similar cases.

Domestic violence (KDRT) is a form of human rights violation that occurs in the domestic space and has a wide impact on the integrity of the family. The reform of the criminal law through Law No. 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code marks a more serious recognition of domestic violence as a criminal act. This article aims to examine the update of the criminal rules against domestic violence perpetrators in the new Criminal Code and examine it from the perspective of Islamic law. Using a normative juridical approach and comparative analysis, this study found that the new Criminal Code has adopted a more progressive approach to victim protection, including in criminal arrangements against perpetrators. On the other hand, Islamic law views domestic violence as a violation of the principles of justice, compassion, and moral responsibility in the family. Criminalization in Islam is preventive and corrective, and emphasizes a just solution, not merely repressive. Therefore, the reform of the national criminal law needs to be harmonized with Islamic values, in order to establish a penal system that is not only legally just, but also ethically and socially.

This study examines the various forms of trauma experienced by patients with mental disorders, particularly those caused by violence and loss, and explores the psychosocial approaches used in the recovery process at Prof. Dr. M. Ildrem Mental Hospital, Medan. The background of this study is based on the importance of understanding traumatic factors as one of the root causes of mental disorders, which are often overlooked in medical treatment. The research aims to describe the types of trauma experienced by patients and to evaluate the effectiveness of the psychosocial interventions provided by the hospital. A qualitative approach was employed, using field observation and in-depth interviews with rehabilitation staff, including psychologists, counselors, and therapists. The findings indicate that the majority of patients have a history of severe trauma, such as sexual violence, the loss of loved ones, and extreme life stress that was not properly addressed. The recovery process at the hospital is carried out holistically through occupational therapy, skills training, spiritual guidance, and psychological support from both professionals and peer counselors. The study concludes that an approach combining scientific methods with patients' real-life experiences can positively impact the recovery process. Therefore, strengthening professional capacity and providing counselor training are essential to enhance the effectiveness of the rehabilitation system.

The ratification of the new Criminal Code (KUHP) through Law Number 1 of 2023 marks an important milestone in the history of Indonesian criminal law. The new Criminal Code replaces the colonial product that has been in place for more than a century and brings significant updates, especially in the regulation of gender-based crimes such as sexual and psychological violence. The recognition of these forms of violence is a response to the demands of civil society and is part of Indonesia's commitment to international human rights instruments. However, the effectiveness of such arrangements still faces serious challenges, such as the narrowness of the criminal formulation, the high burden of proof, and the potential for gender bias in the criminal justice system. In this context, criminal law should not only be a means of repression, but also carry out preventive and protective functions through holistic criminal policies. An integrative approach that combines penal and non-penal strategies is important to address the complexity of gender-based violence that is structural and multidimensional. This article aims to critically evaluate the provisions of the new Criminal Code related to sexual and psychological violence in the perspective of gender-responsive criminal policy. The evaluation was carried out taking into account the principles of restorative justice, the protection of victims' rights, and the need for social transformation that supports equality and non-discrimination. The results of this study are expected to be an input for the improvement of a criminal law system that is fairer and on the side of victims, especially women and other vulnerable groups.

Konstitusi Republik Indonesia, UUD 1945, menjamin perlindungan hak asasi manusia tanpa diskriminasi, termasuk hak asasi perempuan. Namun, dalam praktiknya, masih terdapat kesenjangan antara norma konstitusional dan realitas sosial yang dihadapi perempuan Indonesia. Artikel ini membahas bagaimana UUD 1945 mengatur hak asasi perempuan serta sejauh mana implementasi norma-norma tersebut dalam kebijakan, hukum positif, dan kehidupan sehari-hari. Melalui pendekatan yuridis-normatif dan analisis terhadap berbagai kasus serta kebijakan nasional, ditemukan bahwa kendala budaya patriarki, minimnya penegakan hukum, serta ketimpangan akses terhadap keadilan menjadi faktor utama yang menghambat terwujudnya kesetaraan gender. Penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya harmonisasi regulasi dan penguatan institusi penegak hukum untuk menjamin perlindungan hak-hak perempuan secara efektif.