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The purpose of this study was to analyze the implementation of Al-Qur’an and Hadith teaching at MAN 2 Karawang, including the challenges faced and approaches to resolving them. The method used was qualitative with a descriptive approach. Information was collected through interviews and documentation with the principal, Al-Qur’an and Hadith teachers, and eleventh-grade students. The research findings indicate that teaching is conducted in accordance with the madrasah curriculum, using a thematic and contextual approach that focuses on moral development and the application of Islamic values in daily life. Teachers use various methods, such as lectures, discussions, questions and answers, and hadith memorization. However, the teaching and learning process still faces several obstacles, such as a lack of infrastructure, including projectors, limited availability of textbooks, and unsupportive classroom conditions, which affect students’ concentration. Several solutions implemented include the gradual provision of facilities, the use of digital technology through students’ mobile phones and e-books, and the implementation of more interactive teaching methods to increase student motivation.

Digital transformation has driven significant changes in society's economic patterns and increased the need for stronger family economic independence. In this context, the Family Welfare Movement (PKK) plays a strategic role in empowering families through strengthening digital literacy, entrepreneurship training, capacity building, and the utilization of digital media to support productive economic activities. This study aims to analyze the strategic role of the PKK in digital-based family economic empowerment, identify the forms of empowerment programs implemented, and examine the challenges and strategies needed to increase program effectiveness in the digital era. The study employed a qualitative approach with purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, and subsequently analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that the use of digital technology can expand marketing access, improve family economic skills, strengthen entrepreneurial capacity, increase community participation, and promote sustainable economic independence. However, limitations in digital literacy, unequal access to technology, limited infrastructure, and business sustainability remain major obstacles, highlighting the need for continuous mentoring, training, and collaborative support from various stakeholders.

Clean water is a basic human necessity that plays a vital role in public health and well-being. However, access to clean water remains a challenge in many drought-prone areas. This condition requires effective planning and evaluation to ensure the sustainability of clean water supply programs. This article aims to examine the application of the Problem Solving Cycle (PSC) method in the planning and evaluation of clean water supply programs in drought-prone regions. The study employed a literature review method by analyzing various scientific articles and relevant documents. Data were analyzed descriptively through identification, classification, and information synthesis. The findings indicate that PSC supports program planning and evaluation through the stages of problem identification, cause analysis, action planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. Clean water supply programs contribute to improving community access to safe water and adequate sanitation, although several challenges remain, including limited resources, infrastructure management issues, and program sustainability. Therefore, PSC can serve as an effective approach to support the success of clean water supply programs in drought-prone areas.

This study aims to analyze the dynamics of urban growth, land use change, and settlement development in Wamena City during 2020–2025. The research employed a quantitative descriptive approach using satellite imagery and population data obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) of Jayawijaya Regency. The analysis was conducted through satellite image interpretation to identify land use changes and the expansion of built-up areas.The results indicate that the built-up area in Wamena City increased from 1,250 hectares in 2020 to 2,012 hectares in 2025. Meanwhile, the population increased from 44,315 people to 49,102 people during the same period. Land use changes were dominated by the conversion of open land into residential areas and other urban facilities. Settlement growth generally followed the main road networks, city center, and areas surrounding Wamena Airport. Population growth, urbanization, economic activities, and infrastructure development were identified as the main factors influencing urban growth dynamics in Wamena City. These conditions resulted in reduced open spaces and increased urban density.

Vector-borne infectious diseases remain a public health concern, particularly in tropical regions such as Indonesia. Sanitation clinics at public health centers (Puskesmas) play a role in identifying environmental risk factors and planning interventions to support vector-borne disease control. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of sanitation clinics in environmental intervention planning. The method used was a literature review of scientific articles, journals, and related documents published between 2015-2025. Data were analyzed descriptively to identify forms of environmental interventions and their effectiveness. The results showed that sanitation clinics play an important role in environmental health counseling, sanitation inspections, health education, and environmental intervention planning. However, their implementation still faces challenges, including limited numbers of sanitarians, inadequate facilities and infrastructure, and suboptimal environmental interventions. Nevertheless, sanitation clinics continue to contribute to the prevention of environment-based diseases and vector control. Therefore, strengthening resources and improving the quality of intervention planning are necessary to enhance the effectiveness of sanitation clinic programs.

This study aims to analyze the role of the sub-district head (Camat) in community empowerment and village development in Lamboya District, West Sumba Regency, based on Government Regulation Number 17 of 2018 concerning Sub-Districts. The research employed an empirical juridical method with a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and literature studies involving the Camat, village heads, district staff, Village Consultative Body (BPD) members, and community representatives. The findings reveal that the Camat has carried out important functions in coordinating, supervising, and guiding village governance and development programs, as well as facilitating community empowerment activities. These roles contribute to improving development implementation and encouraging community participation at the village level. However, the effectiveness of these functions has not been fully optimized due to several obstacles, including limited infrastructure, inadequate human resources, weak coordination among institutions, and inconsistencies in regulatory implementation. These challenges affect the achievement of development objectives and the sustainability of empowerment programs. Therefore, strengthening technical regulations, enhancing institutional coordination, and improving the capacity of government officials are necessary to optimize the Camat’s role in supporting effective village development and sustainable community empowerment in Lamboya District.

This study aims to describe gazebo management strategies as tourism infrastructure to increase visitor attraction at Pasir Putih Parparean II Beach, Porsea Subdistrict, Toba Regency. The beach is a unique destination in the Lake Toba area, characterized by fine white sand that is rarely found in the region. However, visitor data from the Toba Regency Tourism Office reveals a significant decline, from 35,304 visitors in January–April 2023 to only 1,550 visitors in January–August 2025. This decline is closely linked to the unplanned construction of permanent gazebos on the beach area, which has reduced the open space that constitutes the beach’s main attraction. This study employed a descriptive qualitative method. Data were collected through in-depth observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation. The key informants consisted of three beach managers: Herbert Napitupulu, Nora Pandiangan, and Her Hutasoit, selected purposively based on their direct involvement and in-depth knowledge. Two regular tourists were also included as additional informants. Data analysis followed the Miles and Huberman model, encompassing data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that gazebo management strategie including facility improvements, environmental landscaping, and the provision of supporting amenities contribute significantly to enhancing visitor comfort and tourism appeal. This study recommends more systematic and planned management, spatial restructuring of gazebo placement, and the implementation of effective promotional strategies to support Pasir Putih Parparean II Beach as a sustainable tourism destination.

This study examines the role of the Manupeu Tanah Daru and Laiwangi Wanggameti National Park Office (Balai TN MaTaLaWa) in managing community-based tourism at Lapopu Waterfall, Rewarara Village, Wanokaka District, West Sumba Regency. The research employed a qualitative descriptive approach to understand the implementation of community-based tourism management in the conservation area. Data were collected through observation, interviews, documentation, and literature study involving the National Park Office, village government, local communities, tourism managers, and tourists. The results indicate that Balai TN MaTaLaWa has performed its role as regulator, facilitator, catalyst, and dynamizer in tourism management. Its role as regulator is reflected in the establishment of tourism management rules and supervision of conservation areas. As a facilitator, the institution supports tourism facilities and community economic activities. As a catalyst, Balai TN MaTaLaWa builds cooperation among stakeholders, while as a dynamizer it provides training and tourism awareness education to local communities. The implementation of Community Based Tourism (CBT) has involved local communities in tourism activities, particularly as tour guides and environmental caretakers. However, tourism management still faces several challenges, including limited tourism human resources, inadequate supporting facilities, and unstable water discharge affecting the attractiveness of Lapopu Waterfall. Therefore, strengthening community capacity, improving infrastructure, and enhancing cooperation among stakeholders are necessary to support sustainable tourism management in the area.

This study examines the role of the creative economy in enhancing sustainable tourism potential in Pampang Cultural Village, Samarinda, Indonesia, and identifies strategic priorities for its development. Pampang Cultural Village is recognized for its rich cultural heritage preserved by the Dayak Kenyah community, which serves as a valuable tourism asset. Despite this potential, the contribution of creative economy activities to tourism development has not been fully optimized. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis is needed to formulate effective development strategies. This research employs a mixed qualitative–quantitative approach using the SWOT-AHP method. SWOT analysis is utilized to identify internal strengths and weaknesses as well as external opportunities and threats affecting creative economy development. Subsequently, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is applied to determine the priority level of each strategic factor and alternative strategy. The findings indicate that the village possesses significant creative economy potential in cultural performances, handicrafts, culinary products, traditional fashion, and cultural souvenirs. Cultural authenticity emerges as the primary strength, while limited innovation capacity and digital marketing skills remain the major weaknesses. The results further reveal that the highest-priority strategy is the development of innovative creative tourism products rooted in Dayak Kenyah cultural heritage while preserving cultural authenticity. This strategy should be supported by digital promotion, human resource capacity building, stakeholder collaboration, and improvements in tourism infrastructure to achieve sustainable tourism development.

The modern construction industry confronts complex challenges that require the built environment to transcend mere structural compliance and actively promote psychological well-being, productivity, and human safety. This study explores the integration of color psychology as a fundamental element in the engineering of the built environment through a multidisciplinary approach encompassing Architecture, Civil Engineering (specifically Occupational Health and Safety/OHS), and Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing (MEP) engineering. Drawing upon a systematic literature review following the PRISMA guidelines for structured article identification and screening, and conceptual synthesis, the findings indicate that color operates as a crucial neurobiological catalyst. Within architecture, color modulates cognition, emotion, and thermal perception (examining the hue-heat hypothesis and thermal reflectance index). In civil engineering and OHS, standardized color coding elicits heuristic responses for instantaneous hazard mitigation on-site, specifically serving to minimize visual work fatigue. Furthermore, in MEP engineering, color is utilized as an ontological mapping system to navigate critical infrastructure; this is subsequently integrated with Building Information Modeling (BIM) to facilitate spatial conflict resolution. The synergy of these disciplines, further supported by Human-Centric Lighting (HCL), is proposed as a holistic framework for optimizing the building life cycle and ensuring worker safety.

This study examines the transformation of financial management through the implementation of digital accounting in PPOB (Payment Point Online Bank) businesses, which still face manual recording problems such as input errors, delayed reconciliations, and data discrepancies. The research used a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach involving PPOB agents in Sidoarjo. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings show that digital accounting significantly improves operational efficiency through automated transaction recording, real-time data integration, and faster as well as more accurate reconciliation processes. In addition, features such as automatic validation, API integration, and audit trails help minimize recording errors and maintain data consistency. The implementation of digital accounting also supports transparency and improves the quality of financial information used in decision-making. Although challenges remain regarding agents’ technological understanding and infrastructure readiness, overall implementation has provided positive impacts on financial management effectiveness and business operations in PPOB services, making processes more efficient, accurate, and reliable.

The Integrated Primary Care Posyandu (ILP) program requires cadres to assume a much broader role compared to conventional Posyandu services. In the working area of Puskesmas Penusupan, ILP achievement reached only 20% in 2025, while merely 25 out of 225 cadres (11%) had received related training. This condition indicates that cadre readiness needs to be examined more comprehensively before the program can be implemented optimally. This study aimed to analyze the factors associated with the readiness of ILP Posyandu cadres using a descriptive-analytic method with a cross-sectional approach. The study involved 144 cadres selected proportionally from a population of 225 using the Slovin formula. Data were collected through structured interviews using a validated questionnaire and analyzed using univariate, bivariate (Spearman Rank), and multivariate (ordinal logistic regression) analyses. The results showed that among the eight variables examined, only skills (r = 0.171; p = 0.040) and resource availability (r = 0.225; p = 0.007) were significantly associated with cadre readiness. In the multivariate analysis, resource availability emerged as the most influential factor with an OR = 2.839 (95% CI: 1.311–6.149), indicating that cadres supported by adequate resources were 2.8 times more likely to demonstrate good readiness. In conclusion, resource availability was identified as the dominant factor associated with the readiness of ILP Posyandu cadres in the working area of Puskesmas Penusupan. Therefore, improving the availability of facilities and infrastructure, providing practice-based training, and strengthening operational support should become priority programs in the future.

The improvement of village road infrastructure plays an important role in enhancing community mobility and supporting local socioeconomic development. This study aims to analyze changes in mobility conditions before and after road improvement, explore community perceptions and experiences, identify changes in activity and economic patterns, and examine factors that support or hinder mobility optimization in Trayeman Village, Slawi District, Tegal Regency. A mixed-method approach was employed involving 98 respondents selected from a population of 5,229 residents using the Slovin formula with a 10% margin of error, along with 15 key informants for qualitative data collection. Data were gathered through observations, in-depth interviews, documentation studies, and Likert-scale questionnaires. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively, while qualitative data were examined using the Miles and Huberman interactive analysis model. The findings indicate that road improvement has significantly enhanced community mobility, with an overall mean score of 3.89, categorized as high. Access to services recorded the highest score (4.06), followed by economic mobility (4.00) and social mobility (3.99). Community perceptions were largely positive, viewing the improved road as a catalyst for development and improved accessibility. Road improvement also encouraged broader economic opportunities, lower transportation costs, business growth, and increased income. Supporting factors included private vehicle ownership and supportive village policies, whereas high fuel prices, limited transportation options, and uneven local road conditions remained major challenges. Further improvements in supporting infrastructure and transportation services are recommended to maximize mobility benefits.

TPS 3R is a community-based waste management approach aimed at reducing waste generation through reduce, reuse, and recycle activities. However, the operational sustainability of TPS 3R still faces several challenges,including  waste processing effectiveness, and community participation. This study aims to analyze the community’s Willingness to Pay (WTP) for waste management fees and to formulate priority recommendations for improving the performance of TPS 3R Banjar Sugihan using the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method. The research was conducted in Banjar Sugihan Village, Tandes District, Surabaya City, involving 563 household respondents. WTP analysis was carried out using the bidding game method, while QFD analysis was conducted through the preparation of the House of Quality (HoQ). The results showed that the community’s WTP ranged from IDR 16,000 to IDR 19,000 per month. If applied to all 3,758 households in Banjar Sugihan Village, the potential retribution revenue is estimated to reach IDR 60,128,000–IDR 71,402,000 per month. The QFD analysis indicated that the priority strategies for improving TPS 3R performance include enhancing infrastructure facilities, optimizing waste sorting and processing, increasing waste processing capacity, strengthening human resource capacity, and implementing a WTP-based retribution system. Therefore, the implementation of a WTP-based retribution system and priority strategies derived from QFD analysis are expected to support the sustainability of waste management at TPS 3R Banjar Sugihan.

Population growth is an important indicator in regional development planning because it influences the provision of public services, infrastructure development, and policy formulation. Accurate population estimation is therefore essential to support data-driven decision-making by local governments. This study aims to estimate the population growth rate of Serdang Bedagai Regency by applying data mining techniques using the Multiple Linear Regression method. The data used were obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of Serdang Bedagai Regency for the period 2019–2023 and include the number of male and female residents. The research process involved several stages, including data collection, data preprocessing, model development, and statistical analysis. Based on the analysis, a regression model was obtained with the equation Y = 0 + 1.5558X1 + 0.4367X2, where Y represents the total population, X1 represents the number of male residents, and X2 represents the number of female residents. The results indicate an estimated population of 683,056 people in 2024, showing an increase compared to the previous year. These findings suggest that the Multiple Linear Regression method can provide reliable population estimates and serve as a useful reference for supporting evidence-based regional development planning and population management strategies in Serdang Bedagai Regency.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of good governance principles in digital population administration services in Medan Marelan Subdistrict from the perspective of Administrative Law. The background of this research is based on the importance of digital transformation in public services through the Electronic-Based Government System (SPBE) to enhance transparency, accountability, effectiveness, and efficiency. However, in practice, several obstacles are still encountered, such as limited infrastructure, network disruptions, and limited human resources. This research employs an empirical legal research method with both empirical and statutory approaches. Data were collected through field research, including interviews with subdistrict officials and the community, as well as library research involving laws, regulations, and relevant literature. The data were analyzed qualitatively to examine the conformity between the implementation of services and the principles of good governance and general principles of good administration (AUPB). The results show that the implementation of good governance principles in digital population services in Medan Marelan Subdistrict has not been fully optimal. This is indicated by challenges in information transparency, system effectiveness, and limitations in human resources and infrastructure. Nevertheless, digital services have provided convenience for the community in accessing population administration services. In conclusion, improvements in human resources quality, technological infrastructure, and the strengthening of supervision and evaluation mechanisms are necessary to achieve public services that align with good governance principles.

Maternal hypertension remains one of the major contributors to maternal morbidity and mortality in Indonesia and globally. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence, mortality trends, and geographical disparities of maternal hypertension in Indonesia during the 2022–2023 period. The research employed a descriptive design using secondary data obtained from official reports of the Indonesian Ministry of Health, national health surveys, and Maternal Perinatal Death Notification (MPDN) data. Data analysis was conducted descriptively by examining prevalence rates, maternal mortality due to hypertension, regional distribution, and temporal trends across provinces in Indonesia. The findings showed a slight but consistent decline in both the prevalence and mortality rates of maternal hypertension from 2022 to 2023 in most provinces. However, significant regional disparities remained evident. Provinces in eastern Indonesia, including Papua Barat, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Maluku, and several provinces in Sulawesi and Kalimantan, consistently recorded higher prevalence and mortality rates compared to provinces in Java and Bali. Meanwhile, provinces with better healthcare infrastructure and maternal referral systems demonstrated lower mortality outcomes. The study also revealed a strong association between high prevalence and increased maternal mortality, indicating the importance of healthcare accessibility, antenatal care quality, and emergency obstetric services in reducing maternal health burdens. These findings emphasize the need for region-specific maternal health interventions, improved healthcare distribution, early detection programs, and strengthened referral systems to reduce maternal hypertension disparities and improve maternal health outcomes in Indonesia.

PT. Bukit Baiduri Energi (BBE) is a coal mining company that utilizes hauling roads as the main infrastructure for material transportation. This study focuses on a 1.7 km road segment selected as the object of technical evaluation. The objective of this research is to analyze the effect of road geometry improvements on hauling time efficiency and equipment productivity. The method employed includes direct field measurements and calculations of operational parameters such as travel time, cycle time, and productivity. The results indicate that improvements in road grade reduced travel time from 10.13 minutes to 9.86 minutes. This reduction was followed by a decrease in cycle time from 16.29 minutes to 16.22 minutes. In addition, productivity increased from 65.4 bcm/hour to 66.69 bcm/hour. Also, improvements in curve radius and superelevation were implemented on the hauling road. These improvements resulted in a further decrease in travel time from 9.86 minutes to 8.6 minutes. Consequently, the cycle time also decreased from 16.22 minutes to 16.18 minutes. The productivity of hauling equipment increased from 66.69 bcm/hour to 67.02 bcm/hour. Overall, the evaluation of road geometry provided a positive contribution to operational performance. The productivity of overburden removal increased from 65.4 bcm/hour to 67.02 bcm/hour, representing an improvement of 2.48%.

Magelang City faces the challenge of limited land availability, with a total area of only 18.58 km2 and a high population density. Consequently, telecommunications infrastructure development requires a precise strategy. This study aims to analyze the business model and investment feasibility of Pole and Greenfield type telecommunication towers in Magelang City. Using a descriptive quantitative approach, this research processes secondary data from PT Dayamitra Telekomunikasi Indonesia by applying feasibility analysis based on Life Cycle Costing (LCC), Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Break-Even Point (BEP), Payback Period (PP), and Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR). The results indicate significant differences in cost structures; Pole towers proved to be more efficient, requiring an initial capital outlay of only 28.8% of the total capital required for Greenfield towers. Greenfield towers generated an NPV of Rp13.07 billion with an IRR of 20%, while Pole towers generated an NPV of Rp2.46 billion with a higher IRR of 23%. Pole towers have proven to offer a faster return on investment and better operational cost efficiency, making them the most strategic option to support network densification and the implementation of 5G technology in urban areas with spatial constraints like Magelang City.

The character crisis among students has become a serious concern, marked by the rise of deviant behaviors such as bullying, drug abuse, and criminal acts committed by minors. This phenomenon underscores the urgent need to strengthen religious character through the active role of teachers in the school environment. This study aims to describe the role of teachers in shaping the religious character of Grade III students at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Ma'had Al-Zaytun, as well as to identify the supporting and inhibiting factors in the character formation process. A qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through in-depth observation, interviews, and documentation. Research subjects were determined using snowball sampling, while data validity was verified through source triangulation, technique triangulation, and time triangulation. The findings reveal that teachers play multiple strategic roles in shaping students' religious character, including acting as educators, instructors, mentors, motivators, evaluators, facilitators, and advisors, as well as serving as role models and fostering habitual religious practices. Supporting factors in religious character formation include the availability of school facilities and infrastructure, along with various religious activities within the school environment. Inhibiting factors consist of internal factors related to students' individual characteristics and external factors stemming from the home environment. These findings affirm that the teacher's role is multidimensional and requires synergy between the school and family environment to effectively cultivate strong religious character in students.