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Evidence is a fundamental element in the legal proof process that serves as the basis for judges to examine, assess, and decide cases in court. Along with the advancement of information technology, the form of evidence has evolved, including digital evidence such as screenshots of conversations through digital communication applications like WhatsApp. This study aims to analyze the legal position and evidentiary value of digital conversation screenshots within the Indonesian legal system. The research method uses a normative juridical approach by examining laws and regulations, legal doctrines, and relevant court decisions. The results indicate that screenshots of conversations have legal recognition as electronic evidence; however, their evidentiary strength is limited and requires support from other forms of evidence. Judges apply the principle of Unus Testis Nullus Testis, meaning that screenshots cannot stand alone as sole evidence and must be supported by additional legal proof to fulfill the requirements of valid, complete, and convincing legal evidence.

Pancasila democracy places the people as the main subjects in national and state life. The rapid development of the digital era has brought significant changes to democratic practices through easier access to information and increased public participation in digital spaces. In this context, young generations have a strategic role as the group most adaptive to information and communication technology. This study aims to analyze the role of young generations in maintaining and strengthening the values of Pancasila democracy in the digital era. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive approach with a literature study. Data were collected from various sources, including books, scientific journal articles, and research reports relevant to digital democracy and youth participation. The findings indicate that young generations can actively contribute by improving digital literacy, increasing political participation through digital media, and utilizing digital platforms as tools for education and advocacy. Furthermore, young generations play an important role in countering misinformation, strengthening the values of social justice, unity, and critical awareness in accordance with Pancasila principles. However, challenges such as the spread of disinformation, social polarization, and limited critical thinking skills in digital spaces remain significant obstacles. Therefore, continuous democratic education and digital literacy are essential to enable young generations to become responsible agents of change in sustaining Pancasila democracy in the digital era.

The rapid development of information technology has pushed the dissemination of news through online media, demanding a language that is fast, concise, and informative to ensure accurate news delivery. This necessity positions the syntactic structure, particularly the phrase, as a critical element in determining the quality and communication effectiveness of digital news. This study has a dual objective: to comprehensively identify and analyze the types of phrases found in five online news articles published by CNBC Indonesia in August 2025, and to elucidate the grammatical function of each phrase  within the context of news sentences. The method employed is a descriptive qualitative method, involving a systematic process of reading, noting, and accurately analyzing the textual data repeatedly. The results indicate a diversity  of phrase types, with a significant dominance of  noun and verb phrases. The findings also include adjectival, prepositional, adverbial, numerical, exocentric, and endocentric phrases, which collectively enrich the linguistic structure, enhance information richness, and greatly facilitate reader comprehension of the news content. These findings not only highlight the specific patterns of phrase usage in digital news writing but also provide deep insights into their structural and grammatical roles. This study is expected to serve as a valuable reference for linguistic research and language learning, as well as offering practical guidance for online media practitioners to continuously improve the clarity, effectiveness, and quality of news writing in the digital realm.

Language is a means of communication between individuals and groups to convey ideas, concepts, or insights. Language can be expressed orally or in writing. Spoken language is temporary or contemporary, while written language is permanent. Spoken language is delivered without an intermediary media, whereas writing serves as an academic archive to ensure that the conveyed insights are preserved. Therefore, writing is done, for example, in encyclopedias, which contain collections of information about science, knowledge, history, arts, technology, and others in a broad and easily understandable manner. Writing books is very important in delivering accurate and easily understood information, so the use of language must adhere to linguistic rules. However, errors are often found that can disrupt clarity and accuracy of information. This research aims to identify types of sentence errors in the encyclopedia book titled “Islamic Kingdoms in Indonesia.” The study examines the use of language in accordance with linguistic rules using a qualitative method and a descriptive approach, analyzing data from various chapters in the book in depth. The results show errors in sentence structure, punctuation, and incorrect terminology, which can reduce the quality of the information. The benefit of this research is to provide recommendations for writers and publishers to improve the encyclopedia so that it becomes more informative and easier to understand, as well as to enhance the quality of scholarly works in the field of historiography.

The Public Speaking and Computer Network Cabling Training Activity at SMP YPK Sele Be Solu aims to improve students' competence in communication and technical skills in computer networking. The activity was carried out using an experiential learning approach with stages of observation, socialisation, hands-on training, and evaluation. The results of the activities show an increase in students' confidence in public speaking and basic technical skills in network cabling, including LAN cable installation, RJ-45 connectors, and cable testing. Intensive mentoring during the training helped students overcome difficulties and optimise their understanding. This activity demonstrates that combining soft skills and hard skills training through direct experience can improve students' overall competence, motivate learning, and prepare students to face academic and digital challenges in the future. In addition, this activity also strengthened cooperation between schools and universities in supporting the improvement of skills-based education quality. The enthusiasm of students during the training showed that practice-based learning methods are very effective at the junior high school level. With this activity, students have a strong foundation to develop their interests and potential in the fields of communication, information technology, and readiness to face the rapidly developing digital world.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a vital role in Indonesia's economy with a contribution of more than 60 percent to the Gross Domestic Product and the absorption of 97 percent of the national workforce, but their participation in international trade is still low with only 14 percent involved in export activities. This research aims to analyze the challenges and opportunities faced by MSMEs in accessing the global market and identify adaptation strategies developed by entrepreneurs. A qualitative method with a phenomenological approach was applied through in-depth interviews with 18 export-oriented MSME owners and managers in East Java who were selected by purposive sampling. Thematic analysis using ATLAS.ti revealed seven main challenges including limited access to capital, complexity of export regulations, constraints on production capacity and quality consistency, language and cross-cultural communication barriers, lack of international market information, logistics infrastructure problems, and intensive competition. On the other hand, four strategic opportunities were identified, namely increasing demand for sustainable authentic products, accelerating digitalization and e-commerce, utilizing free trade agreements, and ethical consumerism trends. MSMEs develop effective adaptation strategies in the form of strategic collaboration, product differentiation with  premium positioning, the use of digital technology, and a focus on  specific market niches. The research emphasizes that the successful internationalization of MSMEs requires a holistic approach integrating internal capacity building with the support of a conducive external ecosystem.

The development of information and communication technology has changed the paradigm of proof in civil cases, where the interaction of the parties is now mostly carried out through electronic media such as instant messages, electronic mails, and digital documents. This condition places electronic evidence as an important instrument in the practice of civil justice. Normatively, the recognition of electronic evidence has been affirmed in Law Number 1 of 2024 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions (ITE Law), which states that electronic information, electronic documents, and their printed results are legal evidence. However, the application of these norms has not been completely consistent in civil justice practice. The assessment of the evidentiary strength of electronic evidence is still highly dependent on the discretion of judges, as there are no detailed technical guidelines regarding assessment standards, relevance, and adequacy. This inconsistency can be seen in a comparison of the Magelang District Court Decision Number 18/Pdt.G/2023/PN Mgg and the Decision of the Lolak Religious Court Number 3/Pdt.G/2022/PA. Llk, which shows the difference in the judge's approach in assessing electronic evidence. This study uses a normative juridical method with a legislative approach and decision analysis. The results of the study emphasized the need for reform of civil procedure law and the preparation of clear technical guidelines to realize uniformity and legal certainty in the assessment of electronic evidence.

Community service with the theme of Socialization and Education of Legal Products for MSME and Creative Economy Actors in Temberan Village, Pangkalpinang City, is based on field conditions, where many MSME actors in the region do not have legal legality for the businesses they run and lack basic knowledge regarding product packaging and brand creation that have high marketability. As a result, their businesses are not developing to strengthen the creative economy and enhance the capacity of actors. The model used in this program is a direct dialogue method with the MSME actors. The discussion results showed that of the 26 participants, only 1 MSME actor had received guidance and had an NIB (Business Identification Number), but lacked a halal certificate and patent rights for their product brands. The other 25 participants were briefed for the first time regarding the importance of legal legitimacy for their business. Therefore, it can be concluded that these 25 MSME actors do not have legal legitimacy for their businesses. The team provided assistance to help register their businesses by collaborating with relevant agencies. Regarding product branding, it was found that all participants had not optimized their product branding, as most MSME actors in Temberan Village packaged their products simply without attractive branding, packaging, colors, or packaging materials. Many even used plastic wrapping without a brand. The team intervened intensively by providing further assistance to MSME actors in Temberan Village, utilizing information and communication technology to help determine product brands for those without one and to select packaging materials that follow current trends, shapes, colors, and materials to make the product more attractive and increase branding and consumer interest.

Stunting remains a chronic nutritional issue affecting human resource quality in Indonesia, particularly children under five years old. High prevalence of stunting impacts long-term cognitive development, physical growth, and productivity of the young generation (Ministry of Health, 2023). This community service aims to optimize the role of public administration in disseminating policies and programs to reduce stunting through education, training, and direct community assistance. Activities were carried out through coordination with government officials, community health cadres, and local leaders, using local communication media to raise awareness about nutrition. The results indicate an increase in community knowledge on stunting, balanced nutrition practices, and active involvement of both officials and residents in stunting reduction programs. Optimizing public administration through capacity building, cross-sector coordination, and information technology utilization supports program targets. This service recommends strategies for sustainable, participatory, and data-driven program implementation.

The advancement of digital technology has led to the extensive adoption of social media by teenagers. Social media has become a means of communication, entertainment, and an easily accessible source of information, but its use also has various impacts on adolescent mental health. This study aims to examine the influence of social media on adolescent mental health through a literature review approach. The method used was a literature review, reviewing various scientific journals, books, and academic articles relevant to the topic of social media and adolescent mental health. The data obtained was analyzed descriptively and qualitatively to identify patterns of findings and trends in previous research. The findings of the research show that social media usage has both beneficial and detrimental effects on the mental health of adolescents. On the positive side, social media also can be means of self-expression, expanding social networks, and obtaining emotional support. However, excessive and uncontrolled social media use possesses the ability to create adverse effects, such as increased anxiety, stress, depression, low self-confidence, and impaired self-image due to social comparison. Furthermore, exposure to negative content, cyberbullying, and pressure to gain social approval also contribute to the decline in adolescent psychological well-being. The duration of use, the type of platform, and adolescents' ability to manage emotions and time also influence the level of perceived impact. Therefore, the active role of parents, educators, and the social environment is needed to provide guidance and digital literacy education so that teenagers can utilize social media sensibly. Through effective management, it is anticipated that social media can be used constructively while prioritizing adolescent mental health.

Adolescence is often faced with various challenges from the community, school, and family environment. Adolescents from underprivileged families are often overshadowed by economic limitations that hinder access to quality education and skills development. One way to address this is by empowering adolescents through non-formal education by honing skills to improve their quality when entering the world of work. This study aims to determine the implementation of empowerment of underprivileged adolescents in increasing independence at the Information and Communication Technology Islamic Boarding School (PeTIK) in Depok using qualitative methods and data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation. Data are presented in the form of descriptions and written reports, as well as drawing conclusions. The results show that PeTIK significantly helps underprivileged adolescents to gain education and real-world experience in the world of work. This empowerment is an effort made so that adolescents have the ability to develop their academic and non-academic potential. In addition, PeTIK has succeeded in increasing adolescent independence such as emotional independence, social independence, intellectual independence, and economic independence.

The rapid development of communication technology in the digital era has had a significant impact on people's interaction patterns. One of the important aspects in this case is its influence on communication behavior, both in social, economic, and political life. The Electronic Information and Transaction Law (UU ITE) which was passed in Indonesia in 2008, acts as a regulation to regulate the use of communication technology, especially in cyberspace, with the aim of protecting the public from misuse of technology such as defamation, fraud, and hate speech. This research aims to analyze how the influence of the ITE Law on changes in community interaction patterns in digital space, both positively and negatively. Research results show that although the ITE Law provides a clear legal framework, there are challenges in its implementation that have the potential to hinder freedom of opinion and change the way people interact online. On the other hand, this regulation also spurs the public to be more careful and responsible in communicating through digital platforms.  

The rapid development of information technology requires improved digital literacy and basic technological skills beginning at the secondary education level. One important competency that needs to be introduced to students is an understanding of computer networks, particularly Local Area Networks (LAN), along with the development of communication and public speaking skills as essential soft skills. This activity aimed to increase the interest and understanding of students at SMP Negeri 6 Sorong City regarding information technology through LAN network education integrated with public speaking training. The activity was implemented using an experiential learning approach combined with student-centered learning, which emphasized active student participation through material presentations, demonstrations, hands-on network cabling practice, and interactive discussions. The program was conducted in three main stages: preparation, implementation, and closing evaluation. The results indicated that students were able to follow all learning activities effectively and demonstrated strong enthusiasm in understanding basic LAN network concepts and cabling techniques. Additionally, students showed increased confidence in expressing ideas and actively participating in discussions. The integration of technical training and soft skill development created a more contextual, engaging, and practical learning environment. This activity also provided valuable experience for the community service team in strengthening communication abilities and applying academic knowledge in real educational settings. Overall, the practice-based LAN education program proved to be an effective approach for increasing students’ interest in information technology while simultaneously developing communication skills from an early age.

The use of information technology is a crucial element in improving the effectiveness of village government administration. One implementation of e-government at the village level is the use of the Village Apparatus Information System (Sipede) as a medium for managing village apparatus data. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of Sipede's implementation in supporting village apparatus data management in Candi District. The study used a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, observations, and system document reviews. Data analysis was conducted using the Agile Response in E-Governance framework, which includes nine effectiveness indicators: Ease of Use, Usefulness, System Quality, Technology Mindfulness, Software Reliability, Communication Transparency, Trust, Collaboration Efficiency, and Traceability. The results show that Sipede is quite effective in improving data accuracy, information integration, and coordination between government agencies. This effectiveness is evident in the ease of use of the system, the clarity of the workflow, and the level of apparatus trust in the data generated. However, the use of Sipede still faces obstacles in the form of limited system access and suboptimal usage practices. Therefore, efforts are needed to develop systems and increase user capacity to support more accountable and sustainable village apparatus administrative governance.

The rapid advancement of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has accelerated the digital transformation of public services, including land administration. However, public complaint services at the Land Office of Southwest Sumba Regency still encounter challenges such as unstructured complaint procedures, manual data processing, risk of data loss, and limited public access to clear information. These issues highlight the need for an innovative and accessible complaint information system. This study aims to design and implement a chatbot-based public complaint service information system to enhance accessibility, transparency, and service effectiveness. A qualitative research method with a system development approach was applied. Data were obtained through interviews, observations, and documentation. The system was developed using a rule-based approach with a Finite State Machine (FSM) algorithm and implemented through the Typebot.io platform. The findings indicate that the chatbot provides structured, consistent, and user-friendly information, reduces manual workload, and improves public readiness before submitting complaints directly, while supporting future integration and system enhancement.

The development of information and communication technology requires students to have digital literacy and communication skills as essential competencies for the 21st century. However, limited infrastructure and low technological literacy remain obstacles in a number of schools, including Moria High School in Sorong City. This activity aims to improve computer network technology literacy and students' speaking skills through a hands-on, practice-based training approach. The method used is qualitative with stages of observation, socialization, training, and evaluation. Computer network training includes an introduction to basic networking concepts, cabling practices, and network simulations using Cisco Packet Tracer. While speaking skills training is conducted through role-play techniques, repetition, and direct feedback. The results of the activity showed an increase in students' understanding of computer network technology, technical practical skills, and increased confidence and clarity in speaking. Evaluations showed that most participants were able to apply the material presented conceptually and practically. Thus, this activity has proven effective in improving students' computer network technology literacy and speaking skills as preparation for facing 21st-century learning and the world of work in the digital era.

Rapid global environmental changes, especially due to advances in technology and information, have had a significant impact on various sectors of life, including the health sector. In the context of modern health services, hospitals are no longer just places of healing, but also institutions that are required to provide high-quality services, based on patient safety, and are able to adapt to the dynamics of community needs. This change requires a transformation in human resource management, especially related to the interpersonal and psychosocial competencies of nurses as the spearhead of medical services.Purposes:​ to analyze the effect of effective communication and Assertive Attitude on Nurses' Work Productivity in hospitals, with Work Fatigue as a mediating variable.Methods: This type of research is quantitative, using statistical figures to measure the influence of independent variables on dependent variables. The research design is a cross-sectional study.Results: The results of this study indicate that effective communication, assertiveness, and job fatigue collectively significantly influence nurses' work productivity. Communication and assertiveness positively contribute to job fatigue, which in turn affects productivity. Job fatigue is also shown to be a significant mediator in the relationship between communication and assertiveness on work productivity .Conclusion : The importance of strengthening effective communication as a strategy to increase productivity. Organizations need to design communication systems that support openness, transparency, and clarity of information and culture-based assertiveness training, so that employees can express their opinions appropriately without causing resistance in the team.

This research aimed to analyze the role of the secretariat in maximizing office administrative service funtions within the secretariat division of the departement of trade, industry, and cooperatives and SMEs of sikka regency. This research used a qualitative approach with data colletion techniques including interviews, observations, and document studies. The key informant in this research was the head of the secretariat division. Data analysis was conducted interactively through the stages of data colletion, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The result showed that the secretriat has carried out office administrative functions systematically and in a structured manner, covering routine, technical, analytical, interpersonal, and managerial functions. The management of correspondence and archives has been implemented following the established procedures, although it remained largely manual and faced challenges such as delays in letter numbering and limited supporting facilities. The utilization of information technology through the srikandi application has proven to improve work efficiency, however, it still requires enhanced human resource competencies and stronger technological infrastructure support. In terms of analysis and reporting, the secretariat played an important role in preparing administrativereports and providing accurate data to support managerial decision-making. Furthermore, the secretariat also held a strategic role in fostering coordination, communication, and harmonious working relationships within the organization.

In the tvMu news broadcast program, a shooting technique that can produce good video quality is needed to be broadcast. Because this shooting technique is needed in visual communication technology, especially in the field of videography. The purpose of this study is to determine the shooting angle in the tvMu news broadcast program and to determine the image size that determines the quality of the content of the tvMu news broadcast program that is broadcast. This study uses a qualitative method that is used to explain how the shooting technique is in the tvMu news broadcast program. This tvMu news broadcast is presented to obtain information about the association and national that can invite important figures of Muhammadiyah. This was done through in-depth interviews with several informants and triangulation. The results of this study revealed the shooting techniques used in tvMu news broadcasts, including various shooting types, image composition, aspect ratio, frame size, and camera movements.customers.

Digital fraud, particularly schemes involving the distribution of fake wedding invitations through instant messaging applications such as WhatsApp, has developed into a serious problem in Indonesia along with the increasing use of digital technology in everyday life. This fraudulent modus operandi exploits victims’ curiosity, trust, and panic to prompt them to open malicious links or download harmful files containing malware. Such malware has the potential to damage device systems, steal personal data, and access sensitive information, including banking accounts and social media profiles. This form of fraud not only causes significant financial losses for victims but also results in psychological impacts, such as fear, trauma, and a loss of trust in digital communication. This article aims to comprehensively examine the modus operandi of digital fraud through fake wedding invitations, analyze the relevant legal framework, and assess the social and economic impacts on society. In addition, the article emphasizes the importance of improving digital literacy as an effective preventive measure to minimize the risk of digital fraud. To address this issue, the article proposes strengthening cooperation among law enforcement agencies, cybersecurity institutions, and technology service providers. Recommendations are also directed toward reinforcing regulations, enhancing the effectiveness of law enforcement, and intensifying public awareness campaigns to reduce the incidence of digital fraud in Indonesia.