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Contemporary developments in science, technology, and socio-cultural dynamics have given rise to various new fiqh issues (masailul al-fiqhiyyah al-mu‘ashirah) that were not explicitly discussed in classical Islamic jurisprudence. These contemporary fiqh issues demand contextual ijtihad that is responsive to current realities while remaining grounded in Islamic legal principles. This study aims to analyze contemporary fiqh issues and examine their implications for the moral formation of students in Islamic education. This research employs a qualitative library research approach by analyzing classical fiqh literature, contemporary fiqh studies, and relevant educational theories. The findings indicate that contemporary fiqh issues such as digital ethics, biomedical technology, and socio-economic practices carry significant moral dimensions that directly influence students’ attitudes and behavior. Integrating contemporary fiqh discourse into Islamic education encourages critical thinking, moral reasoning, and ethical awareness among learners. Therefore, contemporary fiqh learning not only functions as a legal reference but also as a strategic instrument for strengthening students’ moral character in accordance with Islamic values. The study implies that Islamic education institutions should contextualize fiqh instruction to address contemporary moral challenges faced by students.

The concept of the Day of the LORD in the prophetic tradition of the Old Testament is often narrowly understood as a day of victory and salvation for Israel. However, the book of Amos offers a sharp critique of such an interpretation. This study aims to examine the eschatological meaning of the Day of the LORD in Amos 5:18–24 as a moment of judgment and restoration. This research employs a qualitative method with a biblical hermeneutical approach, particularly historical-contextual and theological analysis of Amos 5:18–24. The findings indicate that the Day of the LORD is portrayed as a divine event that brings judgment against social injustice, religious hypocrisy, and ethical deviation among the people of Israel. At the same time, the text opens the possibility of restoration through the demand for justice and righteousness as expressions of true worship. Therefore, Amos’s eschatology is not speculative about the future but functions as a prophetic critique that calls for repentance and social transformation. This study affirms that the Day of the LORD remains contextually relevant for the contemporary church in integrating faith, worship, and social justice as an inseparable unity.

Sarcasm is a literary device and one of the most expressive forms of figurative language, often used to convey humor, criticism, or emotional tension in both daily conversation and literature. This study explores the use of sarcasm in William Shakespeare‟s Much Ado About Nothing by applying Elizabeth Camp‟s (2011) typology, which classifies sarcasm into four types: propositional, lexical, illocutionary, and like-prefixed sarcasm. Using a qualitative descriptive method, the researchers collected all sarcastic utterances from the play, classified them according to Camp‟s framework, and analyzed their pragmatic functions in the dramatic context. The findings reveal a total of 50 sarcastic utterances, with propositional sarcasm being the most frequent (42%), followed by illocutionary sarcasm (28%), lexical sarcasm (24%), and like-prefixed sarcasm (6%). These results indicate that sarcasm serves as both a comedic and dramatic device, shaping character interactions, driving conflicts, and reinforcing Elizabethan cultural norms. Beatrice and Benedick‟s witty verbal duels exemplify how sarcasm fosters humor and intimacy, while Claudio‟s sarcasm highlights themes of honor and social tension. Overall, the study demonstrates that sarcasm in Shakespeare‟s play is not merely humorous banter but a sophisticated rhetorical strategy that enhances characterization, thematic depth, and audience engagement.

WPS Office stands for Writer, Presentation, and Spreadsheets—a software suite offering diverse office functions, including document processing, spreadsheet creation, and presentation tools. This study analyzes user satisfaction levels and the influence of the variables Content, Accuracy, Format, Ease of Use, and Timeliness on WPS Office application users in Jambi City, using the End User Computing Satisfaction method. Data were gathered through an online questionnaire distributed to students in Jambi City who had used the application; created via Google Forms, it garnered 385 responses. Post-collection, analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling in SmartPLS software version 4. Of the five hypotheses tested, four were accepted. The results reveal that accuracy, format, ease of use, and timeliness positively and significantly influence user satisfaction, while content shows no significant effect.

Conventional management of sports services often leads to inefficiency and limited public access to experts and facilities. Reliance on manual systems poses a high risk of scheduling conflicts or human error. This study aims to develop the User Interface (UI) and User Experience (UX) design for the Movement and Athletic Talent Hub (MATCH) application as an integrative digital solution. The approach employed is the Design Thinking method, encompassing the stages of empathize, define, ideate, prototype, and testing. The design process resulted in an interactive prototype featuring key functions such as facility booking, trainer search, and a digital payment system. Evaluation was conducted using the System Usability Scale (SUS) method involving target users. The test results yielded an average score of 79.5, categorizing the MATCH application within the Good rating and Acceptable status. These findings indicate that the design is effective in meeting user needs and is viable for further development as a digital sports ecosystem.

The heart is a vital human organ that plays an important role in the circulatory system. Therefore, an understanding of the heart needs to be given from an early age, starting from basic concepts to more complex aspects. Every human being is created by God with a heart that functions to sustain life, so every individual has the right to gain knowledge about heart health. Adolescents, in particular, need to understand the function and workings of the heart early in order to lower the risk of heart disease in the future. This Community Service (PkM) activity aims to improve the understanding of cardiac physiology in adolescents through the use of digital media. The activity method used is health education about cardiac physiology and how to maintain heart health from an early age. The participants of the activity were 50 students of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah and Junior High School of the Ummul Quro Al-Hamidiyah Foundation. The activity began with the delivery of educational materials, then continued with an evaluation of students' understanding. The results of the activity showed an increase in student knowledge, which indicates that education is effective in forming awareness and early prevention of heart disease.

This study aims to answer the following questions: First, what are the concepts of the rule of law and democracy, and how are they related? Second, what is the concept of human rights and how does it relate to the rule of law and democracy in Indonesia? The method used in this study is normative legal research, focusing on the study of legislation and scientific literature on the rule of law, democracy, and human rights. The approaches used include a legislative approach to examine the provisions of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and related regulations; a conceptual approach to examine the theory of the rule of law, the theory of democracy, and the theory of human rights; and a historical approach to trace the development of these three concepts in the Indonesian context. The research data was obtained from primary and secondary legal materials. The results of the study show that the concepts of the rule of law and democracy are two interrelated and inseparable principles. Both in the traditions of the rechstaat and the rule of law, respect for human rights is placed as a key pillar, which is now understood more broadly to include issues of freedom, social justice, and protection from arbitrariness. The relationship between human rights, democracy, and the rule of law affirms that the law must be the highest authority, with the constitution as its highest foundation. The supremacy of law is an important element in the practice of democracy because the constitution functions as a social contract that regulates power and guarantees the protection of human rights.

This study aims to understand how accounting functions as a social construction in shaping the meaning of transparency and responsibility in the modern business world. Accounting has long been viewed as a technical, neutral, and objective system; however, both financial and non-financial reporting practices also reflect the values, ideologies, and moral consciousness embedded within organizations. Using a qualitative interpretive approach within the framework of social constructivism (Berger & Luckmann, 1966), this study explores the meanings constructed by accounting practitioners through social interactions, organizational culture, and reporting policies. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and document analysis of corporate reports, and were analyzed using interpretative thematic analysis. The results reveal that transparency and responsibility are not merely formal obligations but the outcomes of social processes involving the externalization of values by leaders, the objectivation of those values through reporting systems, and their internalization within individual moral awareness. In this context, accounting functions as a social language that reflects organizational morality, legitimacy, and identity. Organizations with participatory and reflective cultures are found to develop more authentic transparency, while bureaucratic structures tend to produce symbolic transparency. Theoretically, this study contributes to the discourse of critical accounting by asserting that accounting numbers and reports are socially constructed artifacts imbued with values. Practically, the findings highlight the importance of ethical leadership, reflective culture, and social dialogue as foundational elements for implementing authentic transparency and sustainable corporate responsibility.

: The rapid expansion of cybersecurity standards and threat intelligence frameworks has led to significant semantic fragmentation among security terminologies, hindering effective information retrieval and interoperability across systems. Traditional keyword-based search approaches are inadequate for capturing the contextual meaning of security terms, particularly within formal frameworks such as NIST, MITRE ATT&CK, and CWE. This study addresses this challenge by proposing CyberBERT, a transformer-based semantic search framework designed to align cybersecurity terminologies through deep contextual representation and ontology-driven reasoning. Research Objectives: The primary objective of this research is to develop a semantic retrieval model capable of understanding conceptual relationships between security terms beyond lexical similarity. Methodology: The proposed methodology fine-tunes a BERT-based model on the NIST Glossary corpus using a combination of masked language modeling and triplet loss objectives to generate discriminative semantic embeddings. These embeddings are further aligned with cybersecurity ontologies, including MITRE ATT&CK and CWE, to enhance semantic consistency and explainability. Semantic retrieval is performed using cosine similarity within a 768-dimensional embedding space and evaluated using Mean Reciprocal Rank (MRR) and Precision@K metrics. Results: Experimental results demonstrate that CyberBERT achieves an MRR of 0.832, outperforming domain-adapted baselines such as SecureBERT and CyBERT. The integration of ontology alignment improves semantic accuracy by over 6%, while robustness evaluations confirm resilience against adversarial linguistic perturbations. Visualization using t-SNE reveals coherent semantic clustering aligned with the five core NIST Cybersecurity Framework functions. Conclusions: In conclusion, CyberBERT effectively bridges semantic gaps across cybersecurity terminologies by combining transformer-based contextual learning with ontological reasoning. The framework offers a robust, interpretable, and scalable solution for semantic search, supporting improved interoperability and knowledge discovery in cybersecurity operations and standards harmonization.

This study is motivated by the high frequency and significant impacts of flooding in Indonesia, particularly the recurrent flooding of the Kali Lamong River in Gresik Regency, which causes substantial socio-economic losses each year. Although disaster management is normatively regulated by national policies, its effectiveness depends largely on collaborative governance among multiple actors. This study aims to analyze the practice of collaborative governance in flood mitigation in Gresik Regency using the model of Weber, Lovrich, and Gaffney (2005), which includes vertical, horizontal, and partnership dimensions, and to identify the key challenges that hinder its implementation. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed in flood-affected areas along the Kali Lamong River, involving BPBD, DPUTR, sub-district governments, village authorities, and local communities through interviews, observations, and document analysis. The findings reveal that collaboration has been established and functions relatively well, particularly in hierarchical coordination, division of roles among government agencies, strengthening of Destana, KENCANA, and SPAB programs, as well as CSR involvement and community participation all contributing to reduced flood duration. However, the implementation of collaborative governance remains constrained by slow land acquisition and infrastructure development, a predominantly reactive orientation, suboptimal early-warning systems between upstream and downstream areas, and uneven support from the private sector and academia. The study concludes that strengthening collaborative mechanisms and accelerating the resolution of structural barriers are essential to achieve more sustainable flood mitigation efforts in Gresik.

Sarcasm is a literary device and one of the most expressive forms of figurative language, often used to convey humor, criticism, or emotional tension in both daily conversation and literature. This study explores the use of sarcasm in William Shakespeare‟s Much Ado About Nothing by applying Elizabeth Camp‟s (2011) typology, which classifies sarcasm into four types: propositional, lexical, illocutionary, and like-prefixed sarcasm. Using a qualitative descriptive method, the researchers collected all sarcastic utterances from the play, classified them according to Camp‟s framework, and analyzed their pragmatic functions in the dramatic context. The findings reveal a total of 50 sarcastic utterances, with propositional sarcasm being the most frequent (42%), followed by illocutionary sarcasm (28%), lexical sarcasm (24%), and like-prefixed sarcasm (6%). These results indicate that sarcasm serves as both a comedic and dramatic device, shaping character interactions, driving conflicts, and reinforcing Elizabethan cultural norms. Beatrice and Benedick‟s witty verbal duels exemplify how sarcasm fosters humor and intimacy, while Claudio‟s sarcasm highlights themes of honor and social tension. Overall, the study demonstrates that sarcasm in Shakespeare‟s play is not merely humorous banter but a sophisticated rhetorical strategy that enhances characterization, thematic depth, and audience engagement.

The background of this research stems from the need to reexamine the position of theories of truth in the philosophy of science as a basis for the formation of scientific ethics amid the increasingly complex development of modern science. The concept of truth not only functions as an epistemological guideline in determining the validity of knowledge, but also has a normative dimension that influences the integrity, honesty, and responsibility of scientists in the research process. Based on this, this study aims to analyze various theories of truth, including correspondence, coherence, pragmatism, consensus, performativity, deflationism, and foundationalism, and to explain the relevance of each approach to the formation of scientific ethics. This study uses a literature review method with a descriptive-analytical approach through a systematic search of relevant journals, books, and academic sources, which are then analyzed through thematic synthesis to obtain a comprehensive conceptual understanding. The findings show that each theory of truth has a unique contribution to building scientific ethics. Correspondence emphasizes the importance of empirical verification, coherence emphasizes rational consistency, pragmatism highlights theoretical functionality, consensus places scientific dialogue as the legitimization of knowledge, performativity connects truth with action, the deflationary approach emphasizes clarity of language, and foundationalism provides a stable epistemic foundation. The implications of this research show that the integration of these various theories can form a more robust, holistic, and adaptive framework of scientific ethics to the demands of modern scientific practice. This framework is expected to strengthen an honest, transparent, and accountable scientific culture, while opening opportunities for the development of epistemology-based research ethics guidelines in the future.

The development of renewable energy, particularly Solar Power Plants (PV), requires a reliable, real-time, and easily accessible electrical energy monitoring system to ensure optimal system performance. This study aims to design and implement an Internet of Things (IoT)-based electrical energy monitoring system for PV using the NodeMCU ESP32 microcontroller, the PZEM-004T sensor for measuring electrical parameters, and the Node-RED platform as the data visualization interface. The developed system is designed to monitor voltage, current, power, energy, frequency, and power loss in real time, and then display the data in the form of numerical values, graphs, and indicators on a dashboard accessible through a local network. The research method includes hardware design, software development (sensor reading, data processing, and communication), integration with Node-RED, and system testing on a small-scale PV installation. The test results show that the system is capable of monitoring electrical parameters in a stable and responsive manner. Variations in sunlight intensity were found to affect the current and power produced by the solar panels, whereas the inverter output voltage tended to remain within normal operating ranges. The Node-RED dashboard display was considered informative and helpful for users in monitoring and analyzing PV performance. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the IoT-based electrical energy monitoring system designed in this study functions well and is feasible for application in residential or educational-scale PV installations. The system still has the potential for further development through cloud service integration, the addition of environmental sensors, and enhancements to data analysis features and user interface design.

The concept of supremum is fundamental in real analysis and plays a crucial role in the optimization of single-variable real functions. In practice, not all functions attain their supremum explicitly, which necessitates numerical approaches to evaluate their behavior computationally. This study aims to analyze the supremum of several one-dimensional real functions with different characteristics using a grid-search method implemented in Python. Four functions were examined: a parabolic function, a rational function with a sharp peak, a discontinuous piecewise function, and a function with a vertical asymptote. The analysis involved modeling the functions, discretizing the domain, performing numerical approximation of the supremum, verifying the results against analytical values, and using graphical visualization to observe the function behavior near the supremum. The findings indicate that the supremum of the parabolic, rational, and piecewise functions can be accurately identified, with results consistent with analytical expectations despite minor deviations caused by grid resolution limitations in the rational function. Meanwhile, the function with a vertical asymptote yields an unbounded supremum, which cannot be attained within the domain. These results demonstrate that Python provides stable and reliable numerical estimates of the supremum across various types of one-dimensional real functions, validating the effectiveness of computational methods in supporting conceptual understanding of supremum.

Informed consent constitutes a fundamental legal and ethical requirement in healthcare services, ensuring that every medical action is performed with the patient’s full awareness and voluntary approval. In Indonesia, the obligation to obtain informed consent is firmly regulated under the Health Law No. 17 of 2023, the Minister of Health Regulation on Medical Consent, and provisions on medical records. This paper examines the essential role of informed consent as a protective instrument for both patients and healthcare providers within the clinical and legal framework. Informed consent guarantees patients’ rights to information, autonomy, and decision-making, while providing legal safeguards for medical practitioners by documenting the process of explanation, acceptance, or refusal of medical treatment. Proper documentation within medical records ensures accountability, continuity of care, and serves as crucial evidence when medical disputes arise. Medical disputes often stem from dissatisfaction, communication gaps, or misunderstandings about risks inherent in medical procedures. Therefore, informed consent functions not merely as an administrative requirement but as a mechanism for preventing conflict, clarifying responsibilities, and distinguishing unavoidable medical risks from professional negligence. By strengthening the implementation of informed consent, healthcare providers can enhance transparency, improve service quality, and reduce the likelihood of medical litigation.  

Indonesian families are currently still faced with various challenges, including the low knowledge of mothers about childcare, which can have an impact on child development. This is crucial and a sign that there is a need to improve competence as parents, therefore the Great Parents School provides a way to overcome problems in childcare practices. This study aims to explain the transformation of young mothers who have participated in the Great Parents School program. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method, the informants in this study are young mothers who have undergone the Great Parents School program and accompanying facilitators, while the data collection process uses observation, interviews, and documentation with the research location in Sumbersari District, Jember Regency. The results of this study show that the empowerment process refers to the ACTORS theory, namely authority, self-confidence, trust, opportunity, responsibility, and support for mothers who have attended the Great Parents School. Mothers who have attended the Great Parents School have experienced improvements in their knowledge, attitudes, and skills related to childcare. This improvement can be seen through their understanding of the role of parents, the application of family functions such as instilling religious values, compassion, and protection, as well as the application of parenting and discipline patterns, and an understanding of communication skills. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Great Parents School serves as a bridge for mothers to become more empowered through improvements in childcare.

As a region with cultural, religious, and ethnic diversity, Bali functions as a social laboratory to understand the interaction between religious communities. The implementation of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) plays a strategic role in building harmony in a multicultural society. Therefore, comprehensive Islamic Religious Education (PAI) is needed to achieve the goal of a harmonious, peaceful, and secure community life even though they have different religions, tribes, nations and even languages. Based on the complexity of the problems above, the focus of the research is: 1) What is the strategy of educators in integrating Islamic values that are relevant to cultural diversity in Bali? 2) What are the challenges faced in implementing PAI in Bali's multicultural environment? 3) What is the PAI curriculum that supports the values of tolerance and diversity? The objectives of this study are: 1) To determine the strategy of educators in integrating Islamic values that are relevant to cultural diversity in Bali. 2) To determine the challenges faced in implementing PAI in Bali's multicultural environment. 3) To determine the PAI curriculum that supports the values of tolerance and diversity. This type of research is qualitative with a descriptive approach, informants are determined purposively. As sources of information (informants) are the Head of the Environment, Head of Customs, Muslim Community Leaders, Head of Foundation, Head of School, students and Parents. Data were collected through interviews, observations and documentation, then analyzed with the stages of data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. 

This study explores the Village Cross as a symbol of inculturation, integrating Catholic faith with the Nosu Minu Podi ritual in Dusun Perintis, Balai Sebut Village, Sanggau Regency. Nosu Minu Podi, a post-harvest rice ritual, originally centered on the ancestral statue (Pantak) as the main focus of worship. The introduction of Catholicism led to a symbolic transformation, replacing the Pantak with the Village Cross while maintaining ancestral values and harmonizing them with Catholic practices. This research uses a qualitative approach combining ethnography and contextual theology. Data were collected through participatory observation, semi-structured interviews, and field documentation. Findings reveal that the Village Cross serves dual functions: as a religious symbol affirming God’s presence and spiritual protection, and as a marker of social and cultural identity. This transformation strengthens community solidarity, preserves traditional practices, and provides a medium for faith formation among youth. The study highlights that inculturation enables the integration of local traditions with religious teachings, creating space for contextual, inclusive, and practical pastoral approaches. It contributes to scholarly understanding of the interplay between religion, culture, and community identity, emphasizing the enduring relevance of local wisdom in contemporary religious practice.

This study evaluated the effectiveness of the JKN Mobile interface using Nielsen’s Usability Heuristic Principles to identify issues that affect clarity, consistency, and user navigation. The research applied a descriptive qualitative approach through interface observation and visual analysis, focusing on typography, layout, color usage, iconography, and feedback mechanisms. The findings showed that several essential elements of system status were not clearly presented, such as loading indicators, data update information, and synchronization cues. Inconsistencies in icon style, visual hierarchy, and button functions further reduced predictability and increased the cognitive load on users. Some screens also displayed incomplete content and unclear action mapping, which disrupted task flow. The study concludes that improving visual hierarchy, standardizing interface components, refining navigation paths, and providing clearer feedback can strengthen usability and support the application’s role as an accessible digital public service.

This study aims to describe the implementation and outcomes of training on making herbal elixir beverages from nine spice butterfly pea ingredients for exercise mothers as an effort to improve knowledge and skills in processing healthy drinks. The activity was motivated by the limited use of herbal beverages after exercise and the low level of public understanding regarding the benefits of butterfly pea flowers and traditional spices as natural stamina enhancers. The study applied a descriptive qualitative approach through observation and documentation conducted from November 22 to December 5, 2025. A total of 25 exercise mothers participated in the training, which consisted of demonstrations and direct practice in preparing elixirs using dried butterfly pea flowers combined with ginger, turmeric, galangal, lemongrass, cinnamon, cloves, betel leaves, and brown sugar. The results show that participants were able to follow all training stages properly and demonstrated increased understanding of herbal benefits, ingredient functions, dosage accuracy, and processing procedures. Achievement indicators reveal that 92 percent of participants were able to independently prepare the elixir according to the demonstrated steps, 84 percent were able to explain the function of each ingredient correctly, and all groups successfully produced elixir products with color, aroma, and taste that met the expected standards. Participants also responded positively and expressed interest in reapplying the recipes at home and developing flavor variations for personal consumption or small scale business opportunities effectively.