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Using an econometric approach, this study attempts to assess and quantify how globalisation has affected the economy of developing nations. By boosting cross-border information flows, foreign investment, and international trade, globalisation has become a major force in changing the structure of the world economy. Its consequences on social inequality, wealth distribution, and economic stability are still complicated, particularly for emerging countries. This study examines how the Human Development Index (HDI), a measure of economic welfare, is related to the economic aspects of globalisation, including capital flows, technology, and international monetary policy. Finding correlations between globalisation variables and macroeconomic indicators in developing nations is done quantitatively using econometric methods, and both descriptive and inferential analyses are carried out to give a thorough picture of how globalisation has affected important economic sectors. influence on important economic sectors. According to research, globalisation has two opposing effects: on the one hand, it increases economic growth and efficiency through trade and technical development, while on the other, it makes inequality and reliance on international markets worse. These understandings are essential for creating egalitarian and flexible economic policies that can improve living standards in emerging nations. Additionally, the report suggests national policies to improve domestic sectors and promote sustainable human development in order to lessen the negative consequences of globalisation.

As China accelerates Hainan's development into a globally competitive Free Trade Port (FTP), this study examines how strategic policies are transforming the island into an international tourism hub. Against the backdrop of China's dual-circulation economic strategy, the research employs policy analysis, tourism statistics (2018-2023), and case studies of key projects like the Haitang Bay duty-free shopping complex and Sanya's luxury resort developments to assess Hainan's transformation. The methodology combines quantitative analysis of visitor growth patterns with qualitative evaluation of infrastructure investments and marketing campaigns targeting international markets. Findings reveal that visa-free policies for 59 countries and expanded duty-free quotas (100,000 RMB annually per visitor) have increased foreign tourist arrivals by 48% since 2020, while digital initiatives like the "Hainan Travel App" have enhanced visitor experiences. However, results also identify persistent challenges including seasonal tourism imbalances, environmental pressures from coastal development, and competition with established Southeast Asian destinations. The study concludes that while Hainan has successfully elevated its status among Chinese domestic tourists, achieving global hub status requires improved air connectivity, cultural tourism diversification beyond beach resorts, and stronger sustainability measures - offering valuable lessons for tourism-led development in emerging economies.  

Global economic issues have significantly impacted national economic progress in recent decades, especially for developing countries such as Indonesia.  Currency exchange rates are one of the main variables that influence this economic process.  The performance of a country's external sector is largely determined by the exchange rate, which also affects a number of other macroeconomic factors.  The purpose of this study is to see how much Indonesia's economic growth is affected by the exchange rate between 1980 and 2023. Data from government agencies including the Central Bureau of Statistics and Bank Indonesia are used in this quantitative approach using a literature study approach.  The findings show that changes in the value of the rupiah, especially when depreciation occurs, have a significant influence on a number of economic factors, such as imports, exports, inflation, domestic investment, and consumption.  The competitiveness of Indonesian export goods in the global market increases with the depreciation of the exchange rate. At the same time, however, it also leads to higher prices for imported goods, increases the burden of foreign debt, and depresses people's purchasing power and domestic investment activity. The last five years of data reflect the fluctuating pattern of Indonesia's international trade, which is closely related to exchange rate conditions and global economic dynamics. Exchange rate instability creates economic uncertainty, which can hamper long-term growth. Therefore, stabilizing the exchange rate and strengthening the export sector are important strategies, supported by monetary and fiscal policies that are adaptive to global changes.

This research examines the legal status of nominee agreements within Indonesia's civil law system and their legal consequences for the parties involved. Amid increasing foreign investment in Indonesia, the phenomenon of nominee agreements has created tension between global economic interests and the principle of nationalism in land ownership. Using normative legal research methods with statutory and conceptual approaches, this research analyzes nominee agreements within the framework of the Indonesian Civil Code and the Basic Agrarian Law. The findings reveal that nominee agreements have no valid legal status as they contradict Articles 21 and 26 paragraph (2) of the Basic Agrarian Law and fail to fulfill the lawful cause requirement under Article 1320 of the Civil Code. Doctrinally, these agreements fall under the category of absolute nullity (void ab initio) as they constitute a form of legal circumvention (fraus legis). The legal consequences for all parties are detrimental, Indonesian citizens acting as nominees potentially face criminal charges and loss of land rights, while foreign citizens as beneficial owners have no legal protection for their investments.

Manufacturing companies in the textile and garment sector play an important role in the national economy, contributing to global development every year, creating jobs and encouraging domestic and foreign investment. However, the influence of globalization triggered by the influence of internal and external parties can cause many companies to experience financial difficulties. So researchers are interested in conducting research using secondary data in the form of annual financial reports. This study aims to evaluate financial ratios related to the company's financial distress conditions and identify factors causing financial difficulties in companies in the textile and garment sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2022-2023. This study uses the Springate (S-Score) method and logistic regression analysis with the results of the analysis showing that liquidity has a significant negative effect on financial distress, leverage has a positive insignificant effect on financial distress, and profitability has a significant negative effect on financial distress, and activity has a positive insignificant effect on financial distress.

Foreign direct investment (FDI) has a strategic role in Indonesia's economic development. However, the realization of foreign investment is not free from challenges related to legal certainty and protection. This study aims to analyze legal protection for foreign investors in Indonesia, both in terms of applicable legal norms and from the aspect of implementation in the field. Through a literature review, information was collected from various sources in the form of journals, articles, and relevant laws and regulations to gain a broad understanding of legal protection for foreign investors at the normative and implementation levels in Indonesia. The results of the study indicate that Indonesian laws and regulations, especially Law No. 25/2007 concerning Investment, various Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs), and FTAs ​​provide a comprehensive legal protection framework for foreign investors. In the field, legal uncertainty still arises due to overlapping regulations, frequent policy changes, and different interpretations between institutions. Slow and less transparent licensing bureaucracy, as well as the risk of extortion practices, reduce the attractiveness of investment. Reform efforts such as simplifying licensing through OSS, establishing BKPM as a one-stop shop, and ratifying the Omnibus Law on Job Creation have shown progress in increasing certainty and ease of investment.

In today’s global economy, accurately predicting foreign exchange rates or estimating their trends correctly is crucial for informed investment decisions. Despite the success of standalone models like ARIMA and deep learning models like LSTM, challenges persist in capturing both linear and nonlinear dynamics in highly volatile exchange rate environments. Motivated by the limitations of these individual models and the need for more robust forecasting tools, this study proposes a hybrid ARIMA-LSTM model that integrates ARIMA’s strength in modeling linear trends with LSTM’s capability to capture nonlinear dependencies, using historical USD/NGN exchange rate data from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) spanning 2001 to 2024. The research hypothesis posits that the hybrid ARIMA-LSTM model will significantly outperform standalone models in forecasting accuracy. By comparing these models against state-of-the-art approaches, the study highlights the advantages of hybridizing statistical and deep learning methods. The findings demonstrate that the hybrid model achieved the lowest Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 2.216 and the highest R² of 0.998, indicating superior forecasting performance. This study fills a critical research gap by demonstrating the effectiveness of hybrid deep learning in financial time series forecasting, providing valuable insights for investors, policymakers, and financial analysts. Future research will extend this work by incorporating the latest dataset and evaluating model robustness during the recent surge in the Naira/Dollar exchange rate from 2023 to 2024.

The process of long-term improvement in the economic condition of a country to a better state over a certain period is called economic growth.When the level of economic activity is higher than that achieved in previous periods, the economy of a country is said to be experiencing growth.The purpose of this research is to determine the extent to which the manufacturing industry and the agricultural industry influence Indonesia's growth.This type of study is a qualitative study that uses the literature review method.This method is very suitable and relevant for analyzing the influence of the manufacturing industry and the agricultural industry.The results show that the manufacturing and agricultural sectors have a complex influence on Indonesia's economic growth.By becoming a leading sector, manufacturing can drive economic growth by creating more jobs and boosting other sectors such as trade and services.Foreign direct investment (FDI), bank credit, and the number of business units in certain sectors influence the development of the manufacturing sector.

Bali Province is a world-renowned tourism destination that significantly contributes to the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) of the region. However, the COVID-19 pandemic led to a severe economic downturn, causing negative economic growth. This study aims to examine the simultaneous and partial effects of tourist visits, local revenue (PAD), and investment on the GRDP of Bali Province. The research utilizes secondary data from nine regencies/cities in Bali over a six-year period (2018–2023). Data analysis is conducted using panel data regression with the Eviews 12 software. The results indicate that tourist visits, PAD, and investment collectively influence the GRDP of Bali Province. Partially, tourist visits and PAD have a positive and significant impact on GRDP, while investment has a negative but insignificant effect. The findings suggest that optimizing tourism potential, improving infrastructure, maximizing the potential of each region to increase local revenue, and exploring investment opportunities beyond the tourism sector—while supporting both domestic and foreign investment are essential to boosting Bali’s GRDP.

Geopolitical tensions have evolved from peripheral risks to central drivers of global capital flows, disproportionately affecting Emerging Markets (EMs). This study provides a comprehensive bibliometric mapping of the academic landscape linking geopolitical dynamics, international finance, and investment in EMs. This study uses a dataset of 1,039 documents extracted from high-impact databases to analyze performance and conduct science mapping with R-Bibliometrix. The analysis covers publication trends, citation structures, and conceptual evolution over the last century, with a focus on the surge in literature post-2018. Results indicate an exponential growth in scientific production, peaking in 2024. The thematic structure reveals a shift from traditional debt crisis narratives (1990s) to contemporary concerns regarding sanctions, protectionism, and trade policy (2020s). Network analysis identifies three distinct clusters: (1) International finance and market mechanisms, (2) Political economy and development in the Global South, and (3) Institutional governance (IMF/World Bank). This paper bridges the gap between political science and financial economics by visualizing how international finance serves as the dominant anchor connecting developed economies (the USA and the UK) with key emerging markets (China and Indonesia) amid rising global fragmentation.

Economic growth is one of the main benchmarks for assessing a country's economic performance over time. Increased and sustainable economic growth are essential requirements for continued economic development. This study aims to explore the impact of foreign debt, foreign investment, inflation, and non-oil and gas exports, both individually and simultaneously, on economic growth in Indonesia. The data used in this study are time series for three decades, from 1994 to 2023. The methodology used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis, which aims to determine the effect of independent variables on dependent variables, both individually and simultaneously. The findings of this study indicate that simultaneously, foreign debt, foreign investment, inflation, and non-oil and gas exports have a significant impact on Indonesia's economic growth during the period 1994 to 2023. Separately (partially), foreign debt and inflation have a significant negative effect on Indonesia's economic growth in the period 1994 to 2023. On the other hand, foreign investment shows an insignificant negative impact on the country's economic growth in the same period. However, non-oil and gas exports have a significant positive impact on Indonesia's economic growth between 1994 and 2023.  

This study aims to describe and analyze: The Contribution of Migrant Workers in Increasing Money Remittances and Achieving the SDGs.  The research is a qualitative descriptive analysis. The data analysis technique uses the technique developed by McNabb (2002), namely Grouping the data according to key constructs, Identifying bases for interpretation, Developing generalizations from the data, Testing Alternative interpretations and Forming and/or refining generalizable theory from case study. The results of the study show that migrant workers play an important role in the world economy, especially in developed countries as migration destination countries and contribute to the growth of the economy in their home countries, one of which is through remittances sent to their home countries. Indonesia is one of the countries that still sends migrant workers, where remittances from migrant workers are seen as one of the main sources of foreign exchange after petroleum. Migrant workers contribute to reducing the unemployment rate in Indonesia by: Increasing household income. Helping families left behind not work for a while. Increase family access to capital and credit for entrepreneurship. Encouraging a decrease in child employment rates Helping economic development in the region of origin. Encourage political and social change.  The use of remittances for productive activities is expected to increase investment in recipient countries. Remittances encourage improvements made by households in daily consumption, expenditure on education, health, and other expenses, so that it will affect economic growth. Remittances increase household incomes and are therefore a strong anti-poverty force in developing countries.  Not only that, migrant workers who return to their home countries (return migrants) also contribute to the economic and social conditions of their home countries. Remittances can contribute directly and indirectly to several SDGs. Remittances' contribution to the SDGs: SDG 1: Reduce poverty, SDG 8: Decent work and economic growth SDG 10.c: Reduce the cost of migrant remittance transactions.

This study aims to identify and analyze the factors that influence economic growth in Singapore. The research method used is a qualitative method with descriptive analysis techniques using a literature review approach such as scientific journals and digital books. The results showed that the factors that influence the increase in Singapore's economic growth are foreign direct investment, progressive economic policies, export sector and international trade, energy consumption and infrastructure, human resources and education, finance and banking sector, innovation and technology and strategic geographical location and research issues discussed.  

indonesia, the world's 15th largest economy, receives less foreign direct investment than any other developing country, both within and outside its region, with a population of 270 million people and abundant natural resources. According to Indonesia's Central Bureau of Statistics, the country's BPD at that time stood at US$1.49 Trillion. Over the past ten years, foreign direct investment into Indonesia has continued to increase. Multinational companies are companies that consist of various other companies that provide foreign investment opportunities and conduct activities that increase the value of the entity. In addition, multinational companies also have an important role in the global economy and are also leaders in various industrial sectors. The purpose of this research is to find out Multinational Companies that have an important role in the Indonesian economy. This research method uses a qualitative method by collecting research data from previous researchers as a reference. The results of the research we found show that the role of multinational companies has both positive and negative impacts. The positive impact for Indonesia is that they give Indonesia the opportunity to develop its economy through foreign exchange, besides that Multinational Companies also develop digitalization technology for the Indonesian economy. In addition to the positive impact, there are also negative impacts of MNCs, namely, dependence on foreign technology and components, limiting the development of domestic industries, limited technology transfer and development of local companies, decreased domestic investment due to the oligopolistic nature of MNCs, the last is environmental degradation and social inequality caused by MNC operations.

The interest rate in the Iraqi economy represents an active and important element in the management of monetary policy in the Iraqi economy, as it is used by the monetary authority represented by the Central Bank of Iraq to influence the money supply, as well as the impact of this also by allocating the available resources for savings among foreign investments to achieve the central goal of the monetary authority of achieving stability in prices such as the interest rate and various prices and values of investments together and thus achieve balance at the economic and financial levels. This research analyzes the relationship between interest rate changes (IRC) and foreign direct investment (FDI) in the Iraqi economy during the period from (2004-2023). Multiple analytical tools were used, including descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, time series analysis, and prediction models using ARIMA and Prophet. The results showed an association between the two variables under consideration, with the ability of the ARIMA and Prophet models to provide accurate forecasts of future   FDI trends. A quantitative methodology that includes descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, time series models, and forecasting tools has been adopted to clarify the relationship between the two variables and draw conclusions that support economic decision-making.

This study aims to analyze the impact of globalization on economic development in developing countries, focusing on both its positive and negative effects. Globalization has accelerated the integration of the global economy, enabling developing countries to access global markets, advanced technologies, and foreign direct investment (FDI). On the other hand, globalization also presents challenges such as economic inequality, dependency on developed nations, and resource exploitation. Using a qualitative approach with a literature review method, this study explores various data and literature from scientific journals, international organization reports, and related publications. The findings reveal that globalization significantly contributes to economic growth in developing countries through increased international trade, technology transfer, and job creation. However, these effects are not evenly distributed across sectors and social groups, leading to income disparities and uneven development. Furthermore, globalization pressures often push developing countries to adopt economic policies that are less supportive of local sectors, reducing domestic economic competitiveness. This study recommends the importance of balanced and sustainable development-oriented policies to maximize the benefits of globalization while minimizing its adverse impacts. Thus, developing countries can optimize globalization’s potential as a tool for inclusive and sustainable economic development.

Indonesia's dependence on oil and gas imports has become a significant challenge to the country's economic stability, with impacts on the trade deficit, global energy price fluctuations, and fiscal dependence. This study aims to evaluate the economic impact of efforts to reduce Indonesia's dependence on oil and gas imports, focusing on the implications for economic growth, trade balance, and national energy security. The methods used include secondary data analysis, macroeconomic modeling, and simulation of the impact of energy policies such as increasing domestic oil and gas production, energy diversification, and renewable energy development. The results show that reducing dependence on oil and gas imports has the potential to reduce pressure on the trade balance and foreign exchange reserves, and improve long-term energy security. However, the transition to domestic energy security requires large investments in the renewable energy sector, supporting infrastructure, and policies that support energy efficiency. This study suggests the need for an integrated policy strategy between the government, private sector, and society to achieve the goal of reducing oil and gas dependence and improving Indonesia's economic competitiveness.

The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze trends in the most relevant scientific work being conducted on the topic of foreign direct investment. In addition, an exploration of this topic is carried out in a way that allows the expansion of empirical and conceptual knowledge. A bibliometric analysis was carried out using the Bibliometrix and Biblioshiny software packages on academic articles indexed in the Scopus database. Search criteria were applied, initially resulting in a total of 8,115 articles in the period 2013–2023. Finally, after applying exclusion criteria, a total of 1361 interesting and valid articles were obtained. The results of this study present important relevant topics in the topic of foreign direct investment, provide a quantitative analysis that provides an overview of the research topic on foreign direct investment presenting tables, graphs and maps, and identify key performance indicators for article production and citations. The findings of this study are that articles centered on this concept have gained significant traction, forming the basis for efforts aimed at improving the concept of sustainable investment in the context of the various variables that influence it.

Investment regulations have an important role in encouraging economic growth and increasing national competitiveness. This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of investment regulations in Indonesia, especially in the context of attractiveness for domestic and foreign investors. This research method uses a qualitative approach with policy analysis and secondary data. The research results show that although various regulations such as the Job Creation Law have been implemented to facilitate investment, bureaucratic challenges and legal uncertainty are still the main obstacles. This research recommends strategic steps to improve the implementation of investment regulations to strengthen national economic competitiveness.

Foreign debt (ULN) is one of the important issues in the dynamics of the global economy, especially for developing countries. This study aims to analyze the causal factors, conditions of ULN in Indonesia, and its impact on the economy. Qualitative research methods with a literature approach were used to collect data from various written sources. The results of the study indicate that the factors causing ULN in Indonesia include the inability to provide sufficient development funds, an imbalance between investment and savings, and dependence on imported goods. The impact of ULN on the Indonesian economy is divided into positive and negative impacts. The positive impacts include effective sources of development financing, recognition of the country's ability to pay off debt, the establishment of relations between countries, and encouragement of domestic policy improvements. The negative impacts include the burden on the APBN, reduction in spending strategies, the influence of creditor countries in policy making, and the stigma of being a failed state. The study concludes that ULN in Indonesia needs to be managed wisely by considering long-term risks. Some recommended solutions include delaying principal debt payments, changing payment obligations, and reducing principal debt. This study provides important information for policy stakeholders and the Indonesian public in understanding the importance of wise ULN management to encourage sustainable economic growth and improve people's welfare.