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Hypertension is a significant global health problem, especially in specific groups such as pregnant women. The high incidence and potential for serious complications demand non pharmacological management efforts and innovative use of local foods. This study examines the potential of local functional foods such as Ambon bananas, banana blossoms, and bamboo shoots as alternatives for health management and product development, particularly those related to hypertension in pregnant women. The method used was a systematic literature review using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) approach, which encompasses four main stages: identification, screening, feasibility assessment, and analysis of results.The study results showed that the Ambon banana diet significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Factors such as age, family support, stress levels, and fast food consumption were shown to be significantly associated with the incidence of hypertension in pregnant women. Furthermore, bamboo shoot consumption significantly reduced blood cholesterol levels and blood pressure. In terms of product innovation, the fish floss formulation combined with banana blossoms or bamboo shoots received positive feedback from the panelists. The fermentation process of bamboo shoots is known to produce flour with a very high crude fiber content. Therefore, this local food has significant potential as a source of additional fiber and a raw material for value-added processed products to support food security and improve public health.

This study examines how Grammarly AI helps students improve their writing and avoid plagiarism in digital learning. As more academic work is done online, students need quick and clear feedback to guide their revisions. This research focuses on students’ perceptions of Grammarly and how they respond to its feedback. A survey was conducted with 30 university students using Likert scale and open-ended questions. The results show that most students find Grammarly helpful for correcting grammar, improving clarity, and motivating them to revise their writing. Students also reported that the paraphrasing and similarity checking features help them maintain originality and understand academic integrity better. These findings are supported by the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), which explains that students respond positively when a tool is useful and easy to use, and by feedback theory, which highlights how learners process corrective input. Overall, this study concludes that Grammarly functions not only as an error-correction tool but also as a learning support system that strengthens writing skills and promotes responsible writing practices in digital environments.

Hand washing is a major pillar in clean and healthy living behaviors (PHBS). However, there are still children who do not understand the correct handwashing technique so that germ cleaning is not optimal. This community service activity aims to improve students' knowledge and motor skills in practicing the six steps of hand washing according to World Health Organization (WHO) standards. The method used in this activity is interactive counseling combined with live demonstrations. The stages of the activity include providing material through audiovisual media (video/poster), direct demonstrations by instructors, and independent practice by all participants. In addition, a question and answer session was held to ensure student understanding and corrective feedback on inappropriate movements. Evaluation instruments in the form of observation sheets were used to assess the accuracy of the sequence, duration, and coverage of the hand area when washing. The result of this activity was the success of all participants in practicing the six-step sequence of handwashing correctly independently. The involvement of teachers and school health workers also strengthens the sustainability of this practice through regular monitoring. Through this education, it is hoped that early awareness will arise which has become a routine habit to reduce the risk of disease transmission in the school and home environment and support the creation of a culture of clean living from an early age.

Science learning in elementary schools, especially regarding the material on changes in the state of matter, requires media that can present concepts in a concrete and interesting way so So that it is easy for students to understand. This research aims to develop a science learning medium about changes in the states of matter through BrainPOP animated videos equipped with interactive questions for fourth-grade elementary school students, and to evaluate the level of feasibility and studentThis research focuses on students’ feedback toward the developed learning media. It adopts a The research and development (R&D) methodology based on the ADDIE model includes steps such as needs analysis, instructional design, product development, implementation, and evaluation. The students involved in the research were in fourth grade  elementary school students, fourth-grade teachers, and validators from material experts and media experts. The process of data collection involved multiple methods such as direct observation, in-depth interviews, and the distribution of questionnaires obtained were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative descriptive techniques. The results of the study indicate that the developed learning media is classified as very feasible based on validation provided by material experts and media experts. In addition, the results of limited trials indicate that students gave a very positive response to the use of these learning media. Therefore, science learning media based on BrainPOP animated videos and interactive questions can be considered a feasible alternative to increase the interest and understanding of fourth-grade elementary school students.

Surveillance for diarrhea at the district level in Indonesia is still affected by the fragmented nature of the District Health Information System (DHIS) and Early Warning and Response System (EWARS), inconsistent reporting, patchy data interoperability, and the resulting public health delays. Although there are systems in place like the DHIS and EWARS, the persistent use of hybrid systems that combine manual and digital data entry, as well as the different skill levels of users, continues to produce issues of incompleteness, untimely reporting, and inaccurate data. The present study investigated the deficiencies in surveillance reporting of diarrhea cases, the surveillance data to determine the degree of integration and also investigated the health workers perceptions of the barriers to effective reporting. A mixed methods approach was adopted in this study where we investigated quantitatively the DHIS and routine diarrhea reports submitted for the entire year of 2023, and combined that with qualitative, in-depth interviews with the relevant surveillance officers, program managers, and district staff. The quantitative analysis indicated gaps in reporting about 55% in terms of completeness, and consistency of reporting and also significant differences were found between the manual register, DHIS, and EWARS whereby the integration of these systems was found to be low. The qualitative analysis pointed to the combination of disconnected workflows, limited cross-system interoperability, inadequate system training, excessive workloads, and weak organizational feedback, as the main barriers to effective reporting. The combination of these two datasets illustrates the fact that both system deficiencies and organizational factors are primary drivers of the reporting. Closing the gaps will require system level changes in the interoperability of reporting systems, simplified reporting workflows, training, reporting, and reporting feedback loops.

The provision of high-quality instructional materials is a crucial factor in the success of Indonesian Language for Foreign Learners (BIPA) programs, particularly at the advanced level which requires highly contextual content. This study aims to describe and evaluate the content suitability of the Sahabatku Indonesia BIPA 5 textbook. A descriptive-qualitative method was employed, with data collected through document studies. Purposive sampling was used for data analysis, and data validity was ensured through triangulation. The analysis focused on three primary dimensions: (1) the alignment of material descriptions with communicative objectives, (2) the accuracy of the instructional content, and (3) the quality of learning support materials. The findings indicate that the Sahabatku Indonesia BIPA 5 textbook achieves a suitability percentage of 87.5%, categorizing it as highly feasible for instructional use. The implications of this research are expected to serve as a reference for BIPA practitioners in selecting standardized teaching materials and provide constructive feedback for textbook developers in refining competency-based communicative materials.

This article explores inconsistencies in employee performance within small, project-oriented service sectors, where quality depends on daily tasks, punctuality, and adherence to procedures. Since skill development relies largely on informal workplace learning, differences in worker competencies often lead to rework, customer complaints, and safety issues. The study investigates how skills and competencies affect employee performance, illustrating how individual abilities translate into observable performance through the ability–motivation–opportunity (AMO) framework and experience-based learning. A qualitative case study at Rajasa Teknik included interviews and observations to examine project coordination, quality standards, and supervision practices. Results indicate that competencies and skills primarily influence ability, but sustained motivation- driven by realistic goals and fair feedback- along with ample opportunities such as smooth material flow, clear roles, and on-site decision support, enhance performance. The findings underline the importance of a cohesive work system (task division, quality control, communication), a consistent safety culture (K3), and straightforward, repetitive HR practices that facilitate tacit knowledge transfer into routines. Improvements suggested involve mapping core competencies, brief mentoring sessions, quality-focused standards, and evaluation systems to minimise service variation and promote sustainable performance in similar businesses. Overall, this research broadens the understanding of performance management in small enterprises and offers practical guidance for interventions.

Public legal awareness is an important element in realizing an orderly, just, and law-based social life, as it enables citizens to understand and properly carry out their rights and obligations. In Mekarjaya Village, Gantar District, Indramayu Regency, a low level of public understanding of the hierarchy of laws and regulations is still evident, which has the potential to cause errors in the application of law within families and communities. This condition indicates the need for systematic, contextual, and easily understood legal socialization. This Community Service Program aims to improve the understanding of members of the Paguyuban Istri Peduli regarding the hierarchy of laws and regulations, while strengthening their role as agents for disseminating legal information within the surrounding community. The method employed is descriptive qualitative with a participatory approach through the delivery of materials, interactive discussions, question-and-answer sessions, and joint reflection. Data were collected through direct observation, oral question-and-answer sessions, and participant feedback forms. The results show an increase in participants’ understanding, high levels of participation in discussions, and the ability to relate legal concepts to real conditions. These findings confirm that participatory-based legal socialization is effective in enhancing public legal awareness and encouraging active community involvement at the local level.

The health of pregnant and breastfeeding women is a crucial determinant of the quality of future generations, particularly during the first 1,000 days of life. However, nutritional problems, such as deficiencies in iron, protein, and essential vitamins, remain prevalent in many regions, especially in rural areas. These conditions may increase the risk of anemia, impaired fetal growth, and reduced maternal and child health outcomes. This community service program aimed to improve the nutritional status as well as the knowledge and awareness of pregnant and breastfeeding women regarding the importance of balanced nutrition in Sukorejo Village, Bojonegoro Regency. The program was implemented through the provision of free balanced nutritious meals tailored to the nutritional needs of pregnant and breastfeeding women, accompanied by health education activities, including counseling sessions and interactive discussions on healthy dietary patterns, food hygiene, and anemia prevention. Program evaluation was conducted through participatory observation and participant feedback. The results indicated an improvement in participants’ understanding of balanced nutrition and positive behavioral changes in daily food selection and consumption. This community service initiative is expected to serve as a sustainable model for improving maternal and child health and preventing nutritional problems at the village level.

Stunting remains a chronic nutrition problem that requires strengthening community-based interventions, particularly through optimizing the role of posyandu cadres. This article aims to describe nutrition education and child growth monitoring for cadres as a strategy to prevent stunting at Posyandu Delima. The method employed was a participatory community empowerment approach based on health education. The activities were conducted through several stages, including needs assessment, development and delivery of nutrition education, hands-on practice in child growth monitoring, cadre mentoring, and evaluation with reflective feedback. The results showed an improvement in cadres’ knowledge and skills in interpreting growth indicators, identifying early risks of nutritional problems, and delivering structured nutrition education to caregivers of under-five children. Strengthening cadre capacity contributed to better quality of child growth monitoring and reinforced the role of posyandu as a community-based primary health service. In conclusion, integrated nutrition education and child growth monitoring are effective in supporting stunting prevention efforts and are aligned with national policies on strengthening maternal and child health services.

Stunting remains a chronic nutrition problem that requires strengthening community-based interventions, particularly through optimizing the role of posyandu cadres. This article aims to describe nutrition education and child growth monitoring for cadres as a strategy to prevent stunting at Posyandu Delima. The method employed was a participatory community empowerment approach based on health education. The activities were conducted through several stages, including needs assessment, development and delivery of nutrition education, hands-on practice in child growth monitoring, cadre mentoring, and evaluation with reflective feedback. The results showed an improvement in cadres’ knowledge and skills in interpreting growth indicators, identifying early risks of nutritional problems, and delivering structured nutrition education to caregivers of under-five children. Strengthening cadre capacity contributed to better quality of child growth monitoring and reinforced the role of posyandu as a community-based primary health service. In conclusion, integrated nutrition education and child growth monitoring are effective in supporting stunting prevention efforts and are aligned with national policies on strengthening maternal and child health services.

The development of information technology requires innovative learning media to improve the quality of instruction in elementary schools. One technology-based learning medium that can be utilized is Kahoot as an interactive quiz. This study aims to describe the implementation of Kahoot in science learning on the topic of plant structure and functions and its effects on students’ conceptual understanding, learning activeness, and motivation in fourth-grade elementary school students. This research employed a descriptive approach with data collection techniques including observation, learning outcome tests, and documentation. The results indicate that the use of Kahoot creates a more interactive and engaging learning environment, increases students’ active participation, and enhances their understanding of plant structure and function concepts. In addition, Kahoot is effective as an evaluation tool because it provides immediate feedback and presents learning outcomes quickly and systematically. However, the use of Kahoot also has limitations, particularly its dependence on the availability of digital devices and stable internet access. Therefore, Kahoot can be used as an innovative alternative learning medium, provided that school conditions are considered and it is combined with other learning methods to optimize science learning.

This study focuses on the development of an interactive learning media for introducing OpenGL in the Computer Graphics course. The research approach used is Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE development model, which includes the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The final product of this study is an interactive learning application that covers basic OpenGL material, simple programming exercises, evaluation quizzes, and other supporting information. The trial results show positive feedback from students. Based on the questionnaire analysis, the aspects of appearance, content, interactivity, and benefits received an average score of 85% in the "very good" category. Additionally, the effectiveness of this media is evident in the improvement of student learning outcomes, with the average score increasing from 64 to 82 after using the media, and the passing rate rising from 56% to 88%. Overall, this OpenGL-based interactive learning media proves to be effective in enhancing students' understanding and can serve as an alternative or complement in the Computer Graphics course learning process.

The study titled “Designing a Web-Based E-Module for Empowering Tenth-Grade Students’ Writing Skills in Descriptive Text” aims to develop a digital learning medium to improve students’ descriptive writing abilities. The research applies a Design and Development (D&D) approach using the ADDIE model, consisting of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation, supported by a descriptive quantitative method. The study addresses limitations of traditional, teacher-centered instruction that relies heavily on printed materials by integrating technology into the learning process. The research begins with an analysis of existing teaching practices and learning resources for descriptive text writing. Based on this analysis, a web-based e-module is designed to provide a more interactive and engaging learning experience. The module includes structured materials such as definitions, purposes, text structures, language features, examples, and practice exercises. The e-module is then implemented in a tenth-grade classroom setting, followed by an evaluation of its effectiveness using quantitative data. The results indicate that the web-based e-module effectively improves students’ descriptive writing skills. Interactive features, including multimedia content, self-paced activities, and immediate feedback, enhance students’ motivation and active participation. Teachers and students report positive perceptions regarding the practicality, accessibility, and usefulness of the e-module. Pre-test and post-test results also show a clear improvement in students’ writing performance. Overall, the study concludes that web-based e-modules are a promising instructional medium for enhancing writing skills and supporting student-centered, technology-integrated English language learning.

The development of information and communication technology requires students to have digital literacy and communication skills as essential competencies for the 21st century. However, limited infrastructure and low technological literacy remain obstacles in a number of schools, including Moria High School in Sorong City. This activity aims to improve computer network technology literacy and students' speaking skills through a hands-on, practice-based training approach. The method used is qualitative with stages of observation, socialization, training, and evaluation. Computer network training includes an introduction to basic networking concepts, cabling practices, and network simulations using Cisco Packet Tracer. While speaking skills training is conducted through role-play techniques, repetition, and direct feedback. The results of the activity showed an increase in students' understanding of computer network technology, technical practical skills, and increased confidence and clarity in speaking. Evaluations showed that most participants were able to apply the material presented conceptually and practically. Thus, this activity has proven effective in improving students' computer network technology literacy and speaking skills as preparation for facing 21st-century learning and the world of work in the digital era.

The development of academic writing skills among university students remains a serious challenge in higher education, particularly in Indonesian language courses that are often perceived as theoretical and procedural. This study aims to reconstruct Indonesian language learning through an Outcome Based Education (OBE) approach to strengthen students’ scientific writing skills at Universitas Muhammadiyah Maumere. Employing a qualitative research design, data were collected through classroom observations and in-depth interviews with students and lecturers over a three-week period. The findings reveal that OBE based learning encourages clearer learning objectives, increases students’ awareness of academic writing standards, and fosters reflective and critical writing practices. Students demonstrated improved understanding of scientific text structures, argument development, and academic language conventions. Furthermore, the learning process shifted from teacher centered instruction to a more participatory and student oriented model, allowing students to actively construct knowledge through observation, discussion, and writing practice. The study also highlights that the integration of contextual learning and continuous feedback plays a crucial role in enhancing students’ confidence and motivation in academic writing. These findings imply that OBE based Indonesian language instruction can serve as an effective pedagogical strategy to cultivate academic literacy, critical thinking, and responsible scholarly attitudes among university students. The study recommends broader implementation of OBE principles in language education to support sustainable improvement in higher education learning outcomes.

This study aims to describe the application of role-playing techniques in group guidance to improve self-confidence in adolescents at Rantepao Christian High School. A descriptive qualitative approach was used with eight eleventh-grade students with low self-confidence, identified through initial observations and interviews. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation during eight group guidance sessions, and documentation such as student reflection journals. Data analysis followed the Miles and Huberman model, including data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that role-playing techniques were effective in improving students' self-confidence, as evidenced by increased active participation, group speaking skills, and positive self-expression post-intervention. Students were initially hesitant and shy, but after role-playing in social scenarios such as presentations and peer interactions, they showed significant behavioral changes. Supporting factors included a supportive group atmosphere and positive feedback from counselors and peers. This study contributes to guidance and counseling practices in Christian schools, emphasizing the importance of experiential methods such as role-playing for adolescents in the North Toraja community. Practical implications are recommended for guidance and counseling teachers to integrate this technique into student self-development programs.

Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) is a fundamental competence required by vocational school students before entering workplace practice, particularly due to their high exposure to practical activities involving tools, machines, and work procedures with potential risks. This community service activity aimed to provide OSH training for students of SMK Negeri 3 Ogan Komering Ulu as part of their preparation for workplace practice. The activity was conducted using a seminar and case study approach involving 40 vocational students. The implementation stages included preliminary needs analysis, training delivery through structured material sessions and interactive discussions, and post-training evaluation using participant feedback instruments. The training materials covered formal OSH regulations, basic OSH principles, risk mitigation, personal protective equipment, and the relevance of OSH competencies in industrial work environments. The results indicated that participants demonstrated improved understanding of OSH obligations, awareness of workplace risk prevention, and readiness to apply OSH principles during practical learning activities. This community service activity contributes to strengthening students’ preparedness for workplace practice by fostering early awareness of occupational safety culture within the vocational education context.

This study is grounded in the issue of low student discipline and learning motivation in elementary schools, which requires teachers to apply more effective and context-based instructional strategies. The purpose of this research is to describe how teachers utilize social learning theory to enhance students’ discipline and motivation, as well as to analyze the impact of these strategies on classroom behavior and student engagement. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through observations, interviews, and documentation involving teachers and students. The findings show that teacher strategies integrating modeling, positive reinforcement, and collaborative learning successfully create a more conducive learning environment. The use of teacher and peer role models was found to increase compliance with classroom rules, while the provision of positive feedback encouraged students to participate more enthusiastically in learning activities. Moreover, socially interactive learning helped students develop confidence and active engagement. The implications of this study affirm that social learning theory can serve as a strong foundation for teachers to design strategies that promote positive behavior and intrinsic motivation, making it highly relevant for integration into daily classroom practice.

This research aims to evaluate the SQUAD Dewan (Suara Kita Untuk Demokrasi/Our Voice for Democracy) program implemented by the Secretariat of East Java Provincial Legislative Council (DPRD). The SQUAD Dewan program is an innovative initiative designed to enhance public participation in the legislative process and strengthen democratic practices at the provincial level. Using the CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product) evaluation model developed by Stufflebeam, this study examines the program's effectiveness, efficiency, and sustainability. This qualitative research employs a descriptive approach, with data collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, observation, and documentation at the Secretariat of the DPRD of East Java Province. Informants include program managers, legislative council members, public participants, and community representatives. The results indicate that the SQUAD Dewan program has successfully increased public engagement in legislative activities, with a 45% increase in public hearing participation and 60% growth in policy input submissions from 2022 to 2023. The program has effectively utilized digital platforms for broader outreach, reaching over 150,000 citizens through online forums and social media campaigns. However, challenges remain in terms of geographic coverage inequality, limited participation from rural communities, and the need for more sustainable funding mechanisms. This study recommends strengthening digital infrastructure in rural areas, developing capacity-building programs for community facilitators, establishing permanent funding allocations, and creating feedback mechanisms to enhance program responsiveness to public needs.