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Ajwa date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) from Medina, Saudi Arabia, contains a high carbohydrate content. Dates are commonly recognized to be available in two forms: dried fruit that may be consumed directly and concentrated date juice. Concentrated date juice usually gives an unpleasant taste when consumed and requires a large container for storage. This study aims to formulate the effervescent granules using two combinations of acids, namely citric acid and malic acid as a source of acid and sodium bicarbonate as a source of base. The research process was began with macerating dates with 96% ethanol solvent and making a dry extract. Furthermore, effervescent granule preparations were made in three formulations with the ratio of sodium bicarbonate and acid (citric acid : malic acid) as follows: formulation I = 2.5: (2:1), formulation II = 3: (2:1), formulation III = 3.5: (2:1). The results showed that, each 5g serving size contained 84.41 g of carbohydrate in the form of effervescent granules. In formula I, the test results obtained were pH 4.82, water content 4.14%, flow speed 11.58 g/second, angle of repose 25.36o, and dispersion time 28.91 seconds. Then, in formula II, the test resultedin pH 5.27, water content 3.80%, flow speed 12.39 g/second, angle of repose 26.69o and dispersion time 26.19 seconds. Moreover, the test findings for formula III, were pH 5.76, water content 3.86%, flow speed 11.83 g/second, angle of repose 26.63o and dispersion time 29.55 seconds. The differences between acid and base concentration ratio in the three formulas above affect the physical properties of effervescent granule preparations, with formula II producing the best carbonation of the three.

Lower back pain is a common complaint among pregnant women in the third trimester. It is estimated that approximately 70% of pregnant women experience some form of back pain during pregnancy, childbirth, or postpartum. Non-pharmacological therapies such as deep breathing relaxation techniques and effleurage massage therapy can effectively reduce pain levels in these women. This study employs a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental research method and employs purposive sampling with a sample size of 37 participants. Data analysis includes both univariate and bivariate analyses. Most respondents (64.9%) were aged between 20 and 35 years old. Additionally, the majority (64.9%) were experiencing their first pregnancy. All respondents (100%) were confirmed to have no comorbidities. Furthermore, 73% of the participants had tertiary education (Diploma, Bachelor's, Master's, or Doctorate degrees), and 62.2% continued working during pregnancy. The results of the Wilcoxon test indicated a significant effect (p = 0.000 < 0.05), confirming that effleurage massage and deep breathing relaxation techniques effectively reduce lower back pain in pregnant women. This reduction is attributed to the stimulation of tactile fibers in the skin by effleurage massage, which inhibits pain signals. In conclusion, the findings suggest that implementing effleurage massage and deep breathing relaxation techniques is beneficial for alleviating lower back pain in pregnant women. Public health advice advocates for the application of these techniques to manage such pain effectively.

This study's objective is to evaluate PT. ABSD financial results. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative. The study's findings indicate that the company's financial performance as seen in the balance sheet statement is deemed unhealthy due to the lower liquidity value in terms of balance sheet assets. However, because businesses can raise cash and lower financial risk, income statements are seen negatively. In summary, despite the fact that the gross profit margin is declining annually, the income statement's financial performance is deemed unhealthy.    

It cannot be denied that the digital era has developed greatly in today's society, especially among teenagers. All groups from children to the elderly are technologically literate because the world has begun to evolve. This allows people to enjoy and maintain their motivation in following existing technological developments, including the fields of social media and e-commerce which cannot be separated from the Internet. Media advertising using Internet technology or other technological media is commonly referred to as e-commerce, which has the advantage of being able to carry out buying and selling activities between sellers, and applications using Internet technology to make online purchases. Usually, the e-commerce widely used by business players is Shopee.The appearance of the website is attractive and easy to understand, which is an important thing for the public to pay attention to in e-commerce. Nowadays, small and medium-sized business stakeholders are beginning to realize that society is showing more interest in online shopping, as consumers are also embracing the development of digital pursuit technology and no longer need to go to a shopping place to get the goods they want, what is offered in e-commerce is no less competitive

Introduction: Low back pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders in the world. In general, this pain is caused by muscle stretching and increasing age which will cause the intensity of exercise and movement to decrease. This will cause the back and abdominal muscles to become weak. Objective: In this study, to analyze the effect of warm compresses of red lemongrass (cymbopogon nardus) on reducing the scale of lower back pain in fishermen in Negeri Latuhalat, Nusaniwe District. Method: Using a one group pre test-post test design, this research design is included in the Pre-Experimental research type and the sample size is 56 fishermen using instruments in the form of SOPs and observation sheets. The analysis used is the Willcoxon test. Results: It was found that there was an effect of warm red lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus) compresses on reducing the scale of lower back pain in fishermen (p-value = 0.000). Conclusion: There is an influence between the pain scale before and after being given a warm compress of red lemongrass (cymbopogon nardus) on reducing the scale of lower back pain in fishermen in Negeri Latuhalat, Nusaniwe District.  

Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common articular disease of the developed country and cause of chronic disability, and may cause joint failure.Currently, it is more prevalent than it used to be, and it is predicted that this tendency will continue as life expectancy and the prevalence of obesity increase.OA is related to age, but is associated with a variety of both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors, including obesity, lack of exercise, genetic predisposition, bone density, occupational injury, trauma, and gender. It is a major cause of disability in elderly populations around the globe, especially in developed countries. the aim of study to identify Knowledge about osteoarthritis and its related risk factors in fourth grade students in nursing department of Alfarabi collage  and to assess Knowledge about osteoarthritis and its related risk factors in fourth grade students in nursing department of Alfarabi collage . methodology The methodology for studying the knowledge about osteoarthritis and its related risk factors in fourth-grade students in the nursing department of Alfarabi College can be utilize a cross-sectional research design to assess the knowledge of fourth-grade nursing students about osteoarthritis and its related risk factors. A convenience sampling method will be used to select participants from the fourth-grade nursing students at Alfarabi College. The sample size will be determined based on the total number of fourth-grade students in the nursing department. Results The sociodemographic characteristics of 256 students at Al-Farabi College were analyzed. The majority of respondents were male (73.8%), over 22 years old (35.3%), and engaged in manual labor (53.0%). The study found that students had higher knowledge about certain aspects of osteoarthritis, such as postmenopausal women being more at risk for osteoporosis than osteoarthritis (87.5%), while their knowledge about female gender as a risk factor was lower (39.4%). Students also had higher knowledge about joint pain as a symptom of osteoarthritis (82.8%) compared to redness in the joint (53.1%).Finally, while there was a high significance between having a first-degree relative with knee osteoarthritis and knowledge, there was no significance between being clinically diagnosed with osteoarthritis and knowledge among the students. Conclusion  the study of sociodemographic characteristics and knowledge of osteoarthritis among students at Al-Farabi College revealed that there were significant associations between gender, occupation, awareness of knee osteoarthritis as a disease entity, and having a first-degree relative with knee osteoarthritis with knowledge about the condition. However, there was no significant association between age, being clinically diagnosed with osteoarthritis, and knowledge.

Porous concrete is commonly used in road linings with minimal traffic, parking areas, pedestrian paths, and parks. The strength of porous concrete depends on the size of the aggregate and the correct composition of water and cement. The objective of the study was to analyse the effect of cement water factor in uniformly graded porous concrete on compressive strength and permeability in uniformly graded porous concrete on permeability values. The relationship between the compressive strength of concrete tends to decrease as the value of cement water factor increases. The water-cement factor strongly influences the permeability value. The greater the value of cement water factor, the smaller the permeability of uniformly graded porous concrete, this is due to the deposition of cement water at the base of the slab. The use of super plasticizer (SP) in porous concrete accelerates the pavement process, but does not improve permeability. cement water factor 0.35 with a 28-day treatment period obtained a Slump test value of 178 mm, cement water factor 0.5 of 192 mm, cement water factor 0.6 with a 28-day treatment period obtained a Slump test value of 196 mm. while porous concrete with a cement water factor of 0.35 has an average compressive strength of 6.13 Mpa, while a cement water factor of 0.50 has an average compressive strength of 5.47 Mpa, and a cement water factor of 0.60 has an average compressive strength of 5.00 Mpa.

Hypertension, often called the "silent killer," is a leading non-communicable disease contributing to high mortality and morbidity, particularly in the elderly. As individuals age, peripheral blood vessel elasticity decreases, increasing vascular resistance and leading to systolic hypertension, commonly seen in older adults. Hypertension requires long-term treatment, which can result in non-compliance among elderly patients. Family support plays a crucial role in assisting and encouraging adherence to treatment regimens. This quantitative correlation study, with a cross-sectional approach, aimed to examine the relationship between emotional family support and treatment compliance in elderly hypertensive patients. The study was conducted at the Sei Agul Health Center, with a sample size of 65 elderly individuals selected using the Slovin formula and purposive sampling technique in October 2023. The Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) was used to measure treatment compliance, while the emotional support instrument was developed by the researcher. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test, showing a significant relationship between emotional family support and treatment compliance (p-value < 0.05). The findings conclude that emotional support from family positively influences the compliance of elderly patients undergoing hypertension treatment at the Sei Agul Health Center. Health workers are encouraged to involve families in supporting hypertensive patients to enhance treatment outcomes.

Financial performance analysis plays a crucial role in assessing the overall health and effectiveness of a company. This research focuses on analyzing the financial performance of a retail distribution network company in Indonesia, utilizing quantitative descriptive methods. It employs financial ratio and common size analyses on primary data from financial statements to comprehend the company's financial position, profitability, liquidity, and solvency. Through a quantitative descriptive observational design, secondary data from literature and documents are collected. The analysis includes assessing liquidity via current and cash ratios, profitability through metrics like ROA, ROI, and ROE, as well as evaluating solvency using relevant ratios. The findings provide insights into the company's performance, revealing potential short-term issues due to decreasing current and cash ratios and fluctuations in profitability. These insights assist stakeholders in making informed decisions and formulating strategies, underscoring the significance of financial analysis in evaluating a company's health.

Financial performance is a form of achievement on the results of management's work to achieve the company's goals in conducting an assessment by measuring financial ratios periodically the company's operational activities according to the criteria approved by the company. This study uses common size analysis which is a financial statement calculation technique to be simpler generally in the form of horizontal and vertical analysis, so as to show the relationship and trend of the company's financial position. This study aims to determine the circumstances, conditions and financial proportions in more detail of the company under study. The study was conducted descriptively with a comparative approach by processing secondary data in the form of company financial statements. The object of research is a food and beverage company listed on the IDX, namely PT. Mayora Indah Tbk and its competitor, PT. Indofood CBP Sukses Makmur Tbk and PT. Siantar Top Tbk. Sampling was taken with a research period of 7 years, from 2015 to 2021 and found as many as 21 financial data. The method used is Common size analysis. The results obtained are financial management in terms of liquidity is mostly done by PT. Indofood CBP Sukses Makmur which is offset by assets that also increase is reflected in the management balance sheet report showing optimal management with stable sales over time, PT. Mayora Indah Tbk transfers a lot of funds to the company's assets and equity, but in a pandemic situation, management still has difficulty managing funds so that operating profit has decreased, while PT. Siantar Top Tbk shows a unique pattern of liabilities with debt rising and falling from year to year based on profit appears very sharp decline in addition the company has a proportion of funds that mostly go to sales expenses compared to other account components.

Inguinal hernia is a condition of protrusion of all or part of an organ through the locus minoris in the abdominal wall. The incidence of inguinal hernia is quite high, in the world there are approximately 20 million hernia repairs done every year. Hernia repair surgery is considered good if it does not experience recidivism, there are no complications, costs are not too expensive, and patients can immediately carry out their work routines. The incidence of residive hernia is influenced by many factors, including factors from the surgeon, namely the knowledge and skills of the surgeon, the selection of surgical techniques and meshes used, mesh fixation techniques, mesh size, lateral and medial hernia bag management, sliding hernias, lipomas in the inguinal canal, operating time, types of anesthesia, postoperative complications This study aims to determine the incidence of inguinal hernia and recidival inguinal hernia, Surgical techniques used and risk factors associated with recidivist inguinal hernia. This study used a cohort retrospective research design, sampling was carried out in total sampling on inguinal hernia patients who had undergone surgery in 10 government and private hospitals in North Aceh Regency and Lhokseumawe City as many as 1109 patients in the period 2018 to 2021. The results of this study found that the most hernia sufferers found in peripheral hospitals in Aceh were mostly under 60 years old with the most gender being men. The most common risk factors for inguinal hernia are people who are obese, have a history of heavy physical activity, have a history of chronic cough and have a history of constipation. Surgical techniques that are widely used in hernia management are surgical techniques using mesh graft and most patients with ingunal hernias do not experience recidivism.  

Anxiety is the most common feeling experienced by pediatric patients who experience hospitalization, anxiety that is often felt by children such as crying, fear of the environment and new people. The number of stressors experienced by children when undergoing hospitalization can have a negative impact on the child's development. This aim is to determine the effect of coloring play therapy on the anxiety level of preschool-aged children who experience hospitalization at the Banda Aceh Mother and Child Hospital. This study used a quantitative research design with a sample size approach of 5 respondents. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. Data collection instruments were carried out before and after carrying out coloring play therapy using observation sheets with a percentage calculation assessment scale. The results showed that before being given coloring play therapy, there were 2 respondents who experienced moderate anxiety (40%) and 3 child respondents who experienced severe anxiety (60%). And after being given coloring play therapy there were 4 child respondents who experienced mild anxiety (80%) and 1 person who was in the moderate category (20%). It is suggested that the results of this study can be used as a reference for coloring play therapy in preschool-age child patients who experience hospitalization anxiety in the children's room at the Banda Aceh mother and child hospital in 2021.

Analysis of Financial Statements Based on the Common Size Method at PT. Indonesian Food Center, Tbk. This study aims to determine and analyze the composition of assets, debts and capital based on the general size of the financial statements of PT. Sentra Food Indonesia, Tbk in 2018-2020. This type of research is descriptive quantitative research. The data collection procedure used in this study is through documentation in the form of financial reports obtained from the official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange, namely www.idx.co.id. The results of the study show that in terms of the common size from the balance sheet, PT Sentra Food Indonesia, Tbk. who allocated funds for assets in 2018-2019 mostly from their own capital thereby revealing a stronger financial condition of the company, while in 2019-2020 most of the funds for assets came from debt. Common size in terms of profit and loss statement, PT Sentra Food Indonesia, Tbk. In 2018-2019 there was an increase in net profit so that it can be seen that the company managed to increase sales better, while in 2019-2020 net profit decreased due to decreased sales.

The aim of this study is to examine factors that affect auditor switching voluntarily. Variables that consider to have effect on auditor switching are audit tenure, change of management, size of public accountant firms, and financial distress. This study used 78 observation of annual report from palm oil companies that listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2018-2021. The examination was used logistic regression to analyze and SPSS 25 as programmer. Result of the study stated that simultaneous audit tenure, change of management, size of public accountant firms, and financial distress significantly affect auditor switching voluntarily. Partially, change of management is the only variable that significantly affect auditor switching voluntarily. This study can be used by companies to consider voluntary rotation of auditor and auditor to improve performance in providing audit services. The limitation of this study are the use of the independent variables and the sample that used are not common sample so there was no concrete comparison.