Publication Search

Multicollinearity is one of the common issues in multiple linear regression that can lead to instability in the estimation of regression coefficients. This study aims to examine the impact of multicollinearity on regression models and to evaluate the use of Ridge Regression as an alternative estimation method. The study employs simulated data consisting of 1,000 observations, including one dependent variable and four independent variables designed to exhibit high correlation. The analysis begins with model estimation using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method, followed by multicollinearity testing using the Variance Inflation Factor (VIF). The OLS results indicate that most independent variables significantly influence the dependent variable, with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.9863. However, the high VIF values reveal the presence of strong multicollinearity in the model. To address this issue, Ridge Regression is applied, with the optimal penalty parameter determined through cross-validation, yielding a lambda value of 4.201589. The results show that the regression coefficients in the Ridge model undergo shrinkage, resulting in greater stability compared to the OLS estimates. Model evaluation indicates that the Mean Squared Error (MSE) for the OLS model is 24.77, whereas the Ridge model produces an MSE of 29.72. Although the Ridge model exhibits a slightly higher MSE, it effectively mitigates the impact of multicollinearity and provides more stable parameter estimates.

This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the potential pharmacological activities and safety profiles of seven secondary metabolite compounds (Caffeic Acid, Syringic Acid, Quercetin, Luteolin, p-Coumaric Acid, Ferulic Acid, and Epicatechin) identified in the Bajakah plant (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk.). The research approach integrates in silico analysis using the PubChem database, biological activity prediction via PASS Online, oral toxicity assessment through ProTox-II, and pharmacokinetic evaluation using pkCSM, which were subsequently validated through an empirical literature review. The results indicate that these compounds exhibit significant activity probabilities, particularly as antimutagenic, antiseptic, and antioxidant agents. Luteolin demonstrated the highest antimutagenic potential, while Quercetin showed dominant antioxidant activity. Toxicity profiling revealed that Luteolin and Caffeic Acid possess the highest safety levels (Class 5), whereas Quercetin requires special attention (Class 3). These computational findings strongly correlate with empirical evidence demonstrating that Bajakah extract exhibits broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, antifungal activity against Candida albicans, as well as high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities. This study provides a strong molecular foundation for the development of Bajakah as a safe and effective phytopharmaceutical candidate.

This study aims to analyze the spatial pattern of poverty in Gorontalo Province in 2024 using global and local spatial autocorrelation approaches. The data used are the percentages of the poor population in each regency/municipality, obtained from the BPS. The analyses include descriptive statistical analysis, the Moran's Index test for global spatial autocorrelation, and the Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) for local autocorrelation. The results show that poverty in Gorontalo Province tends to be unevenly distributed and exhibits a significant spatial pattern. The Moran's Index indicates positive spatial autocorrelation, where areas with high poverty levels tend to be adjacent to other areas with similarly high poverty levels. The LISA results identify Bone Bolango Regency as a High-Low area, meaning it has a high poverty rate but is surrounded by areas with low poverty rates. These findings highlight the importance of spatial approaches in formulating more targeted poverty alleviation policies.

The development of digital technology has transformed information consumption patterns, including within the realm of spiritual belief. Generation Z, as the generation born and raised in a digital world the digital ecosystem, exhibits new tendencies in understanding and internalizing noble values through various digital platforms. This study aims to analyze the consumption patterns of virtual content among Generation Z from the perspective of adherents of indigenous beliefs in the One Supreme God (Penghayat Kepercayaan terhadap Tuhan Yang Maha Esa), and to examine its implications for modern forms of spirituality. The method used in this study is a literature review with a descriptive qualitative approach, focusing on theoretical studies concerning digital religiosity, media literacy, and spiritual individualization. The results of the study show that digital media, especially platforms like YouTube, Instagram, and Podcasts, have become an alternative space for Generation Z to explore and express spiritual values independently, interactively, and contextually. This phenomenon also presents challenges in the form of the spread of unverified information and the potential to distort facts regarding the authenticity of the teachings of the belief. Therefore, spiritual digital literacy is needed to guide Generation Z to remain critical, rational, and selective in consuming religious content in the digital space.

Adolescence is a period of change or transition from childhood to adulthood, encompassing biological, psychological, and social changes. Adolescent girls experience menstruation every month, which puts them at risk of anemia, compounded by poor dietary habits and the failure to consume iron tablets. Rapid adolescent growth is linked to nutritional fulfillment or adolescent consumption of nutrients, one of which is iron consumption. Insufficient iron consumption can lead to anemia in adolescents. Strategies to address anemia in adolescent girls include improving dietary intake and providing iron tablet supplementation. Changing dietary patterns is an important long-term strategy, but cannot be expected to be successful quickly. Anemia is a global health problem, especially in developing countries, where an estimated 30% of the world's population suffers from anemia. Adolescent girls are ten times more likely to suffer from anemia than boys. Efforts to prevent anemia in adolescents through iron tablet supplementation are a strategic, specific intervention to prepare healthy mothers-to-be. The aim was to determine the effect of iron (Fe) tablet administration on increasing Hb levels in adolescent girls with mild anemia. This study was quantitative, with an experimental design. The population in this study were 55 young women at the Ibu Health Center in West Halmahera Regency. A purposive sample of 30 samples was taken. Data collection in this study was carried out by examining Hb levels before and after administering iron tablets 4 times in a row for 4 weeks. The results of the study were that there was no significant difference between Hb levels before and after administering iron tablets in young women at the Ibu Health Center in West Halmahera Regency. The average Hb level before administering iron tablets was 11.5 g/dL, and after administering iron tablets was 12 g/dL. The results of the paired t-test showed a difference before and after administering iron tablets (p value = 0.001), so the test has an effect on administering iron tablets (Fe) on increasing Hb levels in young women with mild anemia in the Ibu Health Center in West Halmahera Regency.

Dental caries is a health problem that can occur across all age groups, with children being particularly vulnerable. This study aimed to investigate the association between fluoride concentrations in dug well water and tooth-brushing practices with the incidence of dental caries among children aged 6–10 years in RT 5, Waplau Village. A quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design was applied. The study involved 64 respondents selected through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate methods, supported by chi-square statistical testing. The results demonstrated a significant relationship between fluoride levels and dental caries (p = 0.013; p < 0.05). Additionally, tooth-brushing habits were significantly associated with the occurrence of dental caries in children (p = 0.001; p < 0.05). In summary, the fluoride content in the well water used by respondents was within acceptable limits, and tooth-brushing behavior contributed to the development of dental caries among children in RT 5, Waplau Village.

This community service program aims to improve adolescents’ financial literacy through an educational initiative entitled “Smart Teens: Managing Money Without Drama”, conducted for the youth of Vihara Dhamma Bhakti Tangerang. The program is motivated by the relatively low level of financial literacy among adolescents, which may lead to consumptive behavior and a lack of personal financial management skills from an early age. The methods employed include interactive lectures, financial management simulations, and group discussions covering basic financial planning, saving habits, and expense control. The results indicate an improvement in participants’ understanding of fundamental financial concepts, such as managing allowances, the importance of saving, and the ability to distinguish between needs and wants. Furthermore, participants demonstrated more responsible attitudes in making financial decisions. This program is expected to serve as an effective community-based financial literacy education model in fostering healthy financial behavior among adolescents.

This community service program aims to improve adolescents’ financial literacy through an educational initiative entitled “Smart Teens: Managing Money Without Drama”, conducted for the youth of Vihara Dhamma Bhakti Tangerang. The program is motivated by the relatively low level of financial literacy among adolescents, which may lead to consumptive behavior and a lack of personal financial management skills from an early age. The methods employed include interactive lectures, financial management simulations, and group discussions covering basic financial planning, saving habits, and expense control. The results indicate an improvement in participants’ understanding of fundamental financial concepts, such as managing allowances, the importance of saving, and the ability to distinguish between needs and wants. Furthermore, participants demonstrated more responsible attitudes in making financial decisions. This program is expected to serve as an effective community-based financial literacy education model in fostering healthy financial behavior among adolescents.

Reading ability is a fundamental skill that strongly influences the academic success of junior high school students, particularly ninth graders in preparing for national examinations. Nevertheless, many students continue to face difficulties in reading, including speed, comprehension, and motivation. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of implementing learning guidance services to improve the reading skills of ninth-grade students, while identifying supporting and inhibiting factors in its implementation. The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach through literature review from relevant scientific sources published within the last ten years. The findings reveal that learning guidance services play a crucial role in enhancing reading skills, learning motivation, and student independence. Guidance and counseling teachers act as strategic facilitators, while support from the school environment and family strengthens the success of the program. The practical implications highlight that structured, continuous, and collaborative learning guidance programs can help students better understand reading materials and develop positive study habits. Practical recommendations are addressed to teachers, counselors, and schools to design more varied and student-centered guidance services.

This study aims to provide a detailed overview of efforts in counseling and guidance programs that teach self-control skills to children whose gaming habits are causing problems. When children spend too much time playing online video games, it can negatively impact their mental health. Problems with emotional regulation, irritability, and lack of self-control in daily life are possible consequences. Appropriate counseling and guidance services are needed to help children develop more adaptive skills to manage their emotions. This study used extensive qualitative data and followed a case study technique. A child whose gaming addiction was causing problems for him participated in the study. Data analysis included tasks such as data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions; data collection methods included documentation, interviews, and observation. Based on the findings, guidance and counseling programs can teach children self-control strategies to help them manage their emotions, reduce irritation, and become more self-aware when playing online games. Therefore, teaching children self-control skills may be a good way to help them overcome negative feelings that arise from playing online video games.

Gastric health problems such as gastritis and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) remain common, particularly among children and adolescents, due to irregular eating patterns, excessive consumption of spicy and acidic foods, and a lack of understanding of healthy lifestyles and proper nutrition. The partner of this Community Service Program (PKM) was LKSA Santa Anna Orphanage in Bojonegoro, where limited knowledge regarding gastric health, differences between gastritis and GERD, and preventive efforts was identified among the residents. This PKM activity aimed to increase partners’ knowledge and awareness of gastric health maintenance through the application of healthy eating patterns, balanced nutrition, and appropriate lifestyle practices. The program included educational sessions, interactive discussions, and simple demonstrations to enhance participants’ understanding and engagement. Previous studies indicate that health education and regular eating habits are effective in preventing gastric disorders; therefore, this socialization activity is expected to encourage positive and sustainable healthy behavioral changes, improve daily dietary habits, and support long-term gastric health and overall well-being.

This study exaimines whether today’s youth represent a “saving generation” or a “forced generation” in respondingto rising inflation.the increasing cost of living has significantly affected young people’s consumption patterns,financial planning,and lifestyle choices.this researchaims to analyze how inflation influences the economic behavior of young people and to identify whether their frugality is driven by financial awereness or economic pressure.the study employs a qualitative descrective approach,using interviews and literature analysis to explore the experience of young individuals in managing their finances amid economic uncertainty.the findings indicate that although some young people demosntrate improved financial literacy and budgeting skills,many are compelled to reduce concumption,postpone personal goals,and limit social activities due to limited income and rising prices.Inflation has reshaped priorites,encouraging survival-oriented financial strategies rather than long-term wealth planning.the study concludes that the current generation reflects a combination of both conscious constraint.therefore,policy interventions,financial educations programs,and employment opportunities are essential to strengthen youth economic resilience.the implications of supporting young people in  developing sustainable financial habits while addressing structural economic challenges that influence their financial stability.

Gluten-free flour-based cookie products face a major challenge in producing physicochemical and sensory characteristics equivalent to wheat-based products due to the absence of gluten as a structural component. One common approach to address this issue is the addition of hydrocolloids, such as glucomannan and xanthan gum. This study aims to systematically examine the effect of the ratio of glucomannan and xanthan gum on the texture characteristics, spreadability, and sensory properties of gluten-free flour-based chocolate cookies using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. The literature search process was carried out on several scientific databases using keywords related to gluten-free cookies, glucomannan, xanthan gum, texture, spreadability, and sensory properties. Selected articles were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, then analyzed and synthesized narratively with reference to the PRISMA guidelines. The results of the study indicate that xanthan gum tends to increase the hardness and structural stability of cookies, but can decrease spreadability and crispiness at high concentrations. Conversely, glucomannan plays a role in enhancing softness and mouthfeel through its high water-binding capacity, although it can potentially limit spreadability if used excessively. The combination of glucomannan and xanthan gum exhibits a synergistic effect in balancing textural characteristics and enhancing sensory acceptability. In conclusion, optimizing the ratio of glucomannan to xanthan gum is a key factor in developing gluten-free chocolate cookies with optimal physicochemical and sensory characteristics.

The results of the 2022 PISA indicate that science skills and interest in Indonesia are still low. One way to increase interest in science is by introducing inventor figure of science and techonology. However, alternative learning media that are communicative and relevant to adolescents' media consumption habits are needed. Therefore, this study aims to design a character design for an inventor in the field of science and technology for a Webtoon comic as an educational tool for adolescents aged 15–18. This study used qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative method was used to understand the needs and interests of the target audience and to gather information from the literature for scientific sources in designing the inventor character. The quantitative method was used as one of the character design evaluation criteria, based on voting results by adolescents aged 15–18. The character design used Marika Nieminen's principles: demographics, silhouette and shape, color, and characteristics. Several alternatives were used to generate character designs, which were then evaluated to determine the final design. The character design evaluation will be assessed using several variables within an evaluation framework.

Indiscipline in learning behavior is a form of problematic behavior that is commonly found in the school environment and has the potential to hinder the effectiveness of the learning process. This issue does not arise suddenly; rather, it develops gradually through processes influenced by various factors. This article aims to examine the problem of indiscipline in learning through a review and analysis of relevant research findings. The study uses a literature review method by collecting, examining, and analyzing journals and scientific references that discuss learning discipline and students’ indisciplined behavior. The results indicate that indiscipline in learning activities is influenced by both internal and external factors. Internal factors include low interest and motivation, poor study habits, weak values and morals, as well as students’ physical and psychological conditions. Meanwhile, external factors include family situations, peer influence, the school environment, the use of technology, and inconsistent enforcement of rules. The observable behaviors include arriving late, skipping school without clear reasons, violating school regulations, and showing a lack of responsibility. Therefore, addressing the problem of indiscipline in learning requires a comprehensive and sustainable approach involving both schools and families.

This study aims to improve digital money literacy among the community of Kineppen Village, Munte District, Karo Regency, through education and the implementation of the QRIS (Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard) payment system. The research utilized a descriptive qualitative approach, incorporating field observations, interviews, and direct mentoring with four local businesses: Ayam Penyet Pak Lek, Warkop Aim Tigander, Oke Laundry Kineppen, and Pangkas Singarimbun. The findings show that two businesses, Ayam Penyet Pak Lek and Pangkas Singarimbun, successfully adopted QRIS, leading to smoother transactions and increased customer trust. However, the other two businesses, Warkop Aim Tigander and Oke Laundry Kineppen, still face challenges in adopting the system due to limited internet access and deep-rooted traditional cash payment habits. Despite these barriers, the program significantly enhanced the digital literacy of local entrepreneurs, raising their awareness and readiness to participate in the village’s digital economy. This study emphasizes the importance of continuous support and access to technology in fostering the broader adoption of digital payment systems, particularly in rural areas where technological access may still be limited

Hyperglycemia is a condition of elevated blood sugar levels that can potentially lead to various health complications if not controlled early. This condition is often influenced by unhealthy eating habits, lack of physical activity, and low awareness among adolescents regarding regular blood sugar checks. Adolescents are an age group that is vulnerable to lifestyle changes, putting them at risk of developing metabolic disorders later in life. This community service activity aims to increase adolescent knowledge and awareness regarding the dangers of hyperglycemia and the importance of preventive measures from school age. The activity was carried out at SMK Nurul Ulum Lebaksiu, involving 59 students as participants. The methods used included health education through audio-visual media, interactive lectures, discussions, and Random Blood Sugar (GDS) tests for early detection. The results of the activity showed an increase in student knowledge based on a comparison of pre-test and post-test scores, as well as the implementation of GDS tests on all participants. This activity is expected to foster healthy lifestyle behaviors and increase adolescent awareness of the prevention of non-communicable diseases.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of programs strengthening financial literacy, economic digitalization, and the creative economy carried out by students participating in the Community Service Program (Kuliah Kerja Nyata/KKN) in Nagori Marihat Bukit. The programs included education on the Indonesian rupiah and the importance of saving habits, socialization of the QRIS digital payment system, a workshop on striphone production to support MSME development, and an ecoprint workshop for elementary school students. The study employed a qualitative descriptive method, with data collected through participatory observation and documentation. The results indicate that the programs successfully enhanced community understanding of financial literacy from an early age, increased the adoption of digital payment technology with 68% of participants successfully implementing QRIS, and improved creative economy skills that support the development of local MSMEs. These activities demonstrate that community-based economic education can effectively strengthen financial awareness, promote digital financial inclusion, and sustainably develop the creative economic potential of the community. Therefore, this KKN program can serve as a practical model of community-based economic empowerment in fostering economically independent communities.

Electricity dependence is increasing as people have easier access to electronic devices. However, this ease of access is not always accompanied by adequate energy literacy. In its Community Service program, Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta helped to educate the residents in RW06 Kalibaru, Jakarta, about the safe and efficient use of electricity. This community service program was conducted through participatory seminar with a qualitative approach for residents. The activity used informal visual presentations and discussions in an informal atmosphere. The outreach program demonstrated residents' high enthusiasm for the efficiency of electrical equipment usage such as air conditioners, refrigerators, and water pumps. Through the discussion session, residents realized that using air conditioners with too low a power consumption actually leads to higher energy consumption because the compressor runs continuously. Participants understood that investing in automation concepts, such as using water reservoirs, provides significant long-term electricity cost savings. This outreach successfully shifted residents' paradigm from just simply seeking low prices to selecting devices with optimal capacity according to their needs. This education program demonstrates the effectiveness of energy literacy in improving electricity consumption habits at the household level. Therefore, simple technical understanding can boost family economic financial advantages through sustainable effective energy consumptions.

This study aims to demonstrate that a lack of curiosity is a fundamental factor influencing adolescents’ preference for social media over traditional news outlets. To examine this issue, the research employed a mixed-method approach combining quantitative and qualitative data gathered through questionnaires. A total of 30 informants participated and were categorized into two developmental groups: early adolescents aged 12–14 and middle adolescents aged 15–17. The questionnaire explored respondents’ curiosity levels, information-seeking habits, and motivations for choosing certain media platforms. The findings indicate that low curiosity significantly contributes to the preference for social media among early adolescents. At this stage, their interest in deeper information is still limited, making them more inclined toward fast, simple, and entertaining content. However, the hypothesis is less applicable to middle adolescents. Although they also frequently use social media, their media choices are influenced by additional factors such as peer dynamics, a growing sense of autonomy, and broader exposure to information from various sources. This difference suggests that the relationship between curiosity and media preference becomes more complex as adolescents mature. Overall, the study highlights that strategies to encourage critical information-seeking behavior must be tailored to adolescents’ developmental stages.