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Deri Silvia; Eef Putra Jaya; Novi Ramadani; Puja Kusuma; Yeni Ira Santi +1 more

Jurnal Pengabdian Bersama Masyarakat Indonesia 2023 CV. Aksara Global Akademia

Abstract: Real Work Lecture (KKN) is a student learning process through various direct activities in the community, and students strive to be part of the community. Students have a strategic role as agents of change. Real Work Lecture (KKN) is a form of community service of higher education students in certain areas which is carried out in integrated groups between departments at Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin State Islamic University, Jambi. KKN activities are divided into 4, namely, training or debriefing, implementation activities at locations, reporting, and evaluation. The Community Service Program was held on July 5 - August 14 2023 in Ulak Banjir Rambahan Village, Tebo Ulu District, Tebo Regency by Command Post 41 Batch 1. The KKN program in Ulak Banjir Rambahan Village that is carried out is a program that can develop children's skills and achievements and can create a society that is prosperous, creative, compact, intelligent and comfortable in the form of kinship. We also hope that the knowledge that we have taught can be useful for young people and children and the people of Ulak Banjir Rambahan Village.

Adhy Yulianto; Harsoyo Harsoyo

Jurnal MIMBAR ADMINISTRASI 2023 Universitas 17 Agustus 1945

The purpose of this research is to examine initiatives to enhance the quality of public services. in order to achieve service standards that are on par with international standards for the State Civil Apparatus (ASN). This study employs a qualitative method with a case study at a local government agency. that has been recognized as the agency with the best quality public services. In-depth interviews with government officials were used to acquire data., employees and customers, as well as analisis of documents related to the implemented public service improvement program. According to the study's findings, local government agencies have succeeded in improving the quality of public services by implementing a number of strategic initiatives and programs. Among them are the effective use of information technology to improve efficiency and effectiveness accessibility of public services, training and human resource development to improve employee skills and professionalism, and implementing strict service standards to measure and ensure customer satisfaction. In an effort to achieve international civil state standards (ASN), local government agencies have set several main goals, including improving communication and speaking foreign languages, mastery of advanced public information technology and application of ethics and integrity in public administration. serve. function. service assignment. In addition, international recognition ISO (International Organization for Standardization) and others awards for quality of public services are successful goals pursued by these bodies.

Rohani Septya Triningsih; Rizkya Dwijayanti

Student Scientific Creativity Journal 2023 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

This research examines how to improve the quality of premarital coaching in the RW 5 hall, Morokrembangan subdistrict, Surabaya city. Coaching is efforts, actions and activities carried out effectively and successfully to achieve better results. In general, coaching is considered a planned lifestyle improvement. Everyone has certain goals in life and wants to achieve these goals. If this life goal is not achieved, then people will try to rearrange their lifestyle. Premarital coaching is a knowledge and skills-based training program that providesand information related to marriage. Like how to maintain and maintain the integrity of the family. The research method used is descriptive qualitative to understand and explain the meaning behind reality. The aim of this research was to measure the effectiveness of improving the quality of premarital coaching in the RW 5 hall, Morokrembangan subdistrict, Surabaya city.

Haikal Pikri; Arga Sutrisna; Barin Barlian

Jurnal Manajemen Pariwisata dan Perhotelan 2023 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

This study aims to analyze the influence of training and work motivation on employee performance in the working environment of Salopa District, Tasikmalaya Regency. Training and work motivation play a crucial role in enhancing employee performance in the public sector, including at the district level. The research employed a quantitative approach, involving employees as respondents in Salopa District. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques and regression analysis to identify the relationship between training, work motivation, and employee performance. The results of the study indicate that training has a positive and significant impact on employee performance in the working environment of Salopa District. With relevant and effective training, employees have the opportunity to develop the skills, knowledge, and competencies required to perform their tasks more effectively. Training can enhance the efficiency, effectiveness, and professionalism of employees in providing services to the community. Furthermore, work motivation also has a significant influence on employee performance. Motivational factors such as recognition, rewards, incentives, organizational support, and career development opportunities can influence employees’ attitudes, work enthusiasm, and dedication to their jobs. Motivated employees tend to have higher performance levels and contribute positively to the achievement of organizational goals

Ronaldy Candra Septyanto; Walid Jumlad

Student Scientific Creativity Journal 2023 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Human resource readiness is an important asset and is the main determining factor in the performance of all activities and institutional activities, so that it can support employee career development. Career development is very important to support life achievements and quality of life as well as job satisfaction with each individual's current achievements. There are two factors in career development that can determine a person's career success, namely internal factors including motivation to progress, intellectual ability, interpersonal skills, level of education, and work experience. Meanwhile, factors that come from outside are the attitude of superiors, the weight of work, job vacancies and work productivity. The aim of this research is to determine the personal readiness of HR in the PKP-PK unit in career development at UPBU Tebelian Sintang and to find out the process, obstacles and solutions regarding HR readiness in career development at the unit (PKP-PK) at UPBU Tebelian Sintang. This study uses a qualitative method. The data collection techniques used were observation, interviews and documentation. The respondents in this research were PKP-PK unit personnel at UPBU Tebelian Sintang. The observations in this research were to conduct reviews and observations at the PKP-PK unit at UPBU Tebelian Sintang. The documentation in this research is activities that occurred in the PKP-PK area at UPBU Tebelian Sintang. The results of the discussion in this research are that Readiness is a process or action carried out by a person to be ready to change or respond to something that can make them ready to provide a certain response or response to a situation and employees in the PKP-PK unit have provided information that their level of readiness is sufficient. far above average. Because it is able to prepare quality human resources who are willing to continue learning and developing themselves and Tebelian Sintang Airport has stages of career development in the Aviation Accident Relief and Fire Fighting (PKP-PK) unit, namely through a proposal process from superiors to be registered and get a queue where there will be further information if there is a call in the queue and then the names that come out must be ready to carry out training to support career development at the PKP-PK unit at Tebelian Sintang Airport.    

Ramlan Nasution; Esrina Sinaga; Herawati Harahap

Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Nian Tana 2023 Fakultas Ekonomi & Bisnis, Universitas Nusa Nipa

Community service for the D-III Nursing Study Program in Central Tapanuli, Medan Ministry of Health Polytechnic, is carried out in the form of education about community empowerment through balanced nutrition education as an effort to prevent stunting. The target of service activities is 40 pregnant women and mothers with early childhood children who are in the working area of the Hutabalang Community Health Center. The aim of this Community Service is to realize community service as one of the Tri Darma activities of higher education, increase the knowledge of pregnant women and mothers with early childhood regarding stunting and balanced nutrition and provide training on how to make naget as an effort to minimize the occurrence of stunting in the work area. Hutabalang Health Center, Lack of Knowledge about Stunting is caused by multi-dimensional factors and is not only caused by poor nutrition experienced by pregnant women and toddlers. Several factors that influence the incidence of stunting include maternal factors, home environmental factors, low food quality, inadequate feeding, food and drink safety, breastfeeding (breastfeeding phase), infection, political economy, health and health services, education, social and culture, agricultural and food systems, water, sanitation and the environment. Community service activities carried out in the working area of the Hutabalang Health Center, Badiri District, Central Tapanuli Regency by providing education to participants by means of lectures and question and answer/discussion, succeeded in increasing the knowledge of pregnant women and mothers with early childhood. Before the education was carried out, the level of knowledge in the good category was 40% and after the education was carried out it increased to 85%.

Dimas Pratama Putra; Rias Gesang Kinanti; Ardhiyanti Puspita Ratna

Triglycerides are fats carried by the lipoprotein system located in the blood, are the main cause of arterial diseases and are usually compared with cholesterol using lipoprotein electrophoresis. Triglycerides consist of glycerol linked to fatty acid groups. The High Intensity Interval Training method is a sport designed to increase metabolism and burn body fat so as to balance triglyceride levels in the body. This exercise is often included in training programs for long-distance runners. This study aims to obtain information about the effect of the High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) exercise on the interval running model on triglyceride levels in PASI Athletes in Malang City. The research method and design used was an experiment in the form of the one group pretest-posttest design, namely recording the results of triglyceride levels before HIIT training and after HIIT training. This study involved 8 long-distance runners whose blood was taken from the cubital vein before the HIIT treatment. The design of this study was initiated by screening all research subjects according to predetermined inclusion criteria. And all subjects were instructed to fill out a willingness form (informed consent) then proceed with taking a blood sample before the HIIT exercise treatment of ± 10 µL. After taking blood, the HIIT training program is continued with an interval running model, namely by running fast for 2 minutes, then walking for 2 minutes, doing 10 repetitions. After completing the HIIT training treatment, all subjects took blood again as much as ± 10 µL. When all subjects' blood samples have been taken, it is followed by laboratory tests in the clinical pathology laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University. The results of the study by conducting a paired sample T-test were used to analyze the data obtained with a significant (2-tailed) value of 0.938 greater than the p value of 0.05 (0.938> 0.05) indicating H0 was accepted and Ha was rejected which means that HIIT training has no significant effect on the leukocyte levels of PASI Athletes in Malang City. So it can be concluded that HIIT training has no effect on increasing leukocyte levels in PASI Athletes running long distances in Malang City. The conclusion in this study was that the HIIT training provided had no significant effect on the amount of triglycerides after and after exercise. Triglyceride levels in long-distance runners are at normal levels. This is because there has been regular practice given by the coach as preparation for the match.

Elsa Elvina; Sri Mulyeni

Journal of Educational Innovation and Public Health 2023 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach through case studies in conducting accident risk analysis in the pharamaceutical industry and to fully and deeply understand the procedures for implementing Occupational Health and Safety at PT X. the technique used in this research is through a questionnaire distributed to respondents. Nased on the results of questionnaires from employees, it was concluded that PT X had implemented Occupational Safety and Health (K3) procedures well. This is proven by the existence of socialization and training in Occupational Safety and Health procedures as an effort to protect all employees from the risk of accidents. The company also equips all employees with Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to protect employees from the risk of work accidents. Apart from that regular monitoring and evaluation is also carried out, to ensure that the procedure is still suitable to be implemented. The work environment plays a role in the safety and health of workers. Worker attitudes and work procedures that have been implemented by all employees have a very important role in Occupational Safety and Health as an effort to minimize accidents.    

Amriani Amriani; Siti Suryani; Nurul Fitriani

Inspirasi Dunia: Jurnal Riset Pendidikan dan Bahasa 2023 Universitas Maritim AMNI Semarang

This article aims to explain and describe the Teaching Campus Program which is one form of implementing the IndependentThis article aims to explain and describe the Teaching Campus Program which is one form of implementing the Independent Learning Campus (MBKM) in the form of teaching assistance to empower students in assisting the learning process in elementary schools in various villages/cities, one of which is SDI Bistio which is located in Masebewa, Sikka Regency, NTT. In this program, students involved have the responsibility to assist the school in the teaching process, assist with technology adaptation, and assist school administration. The purpose of this research is to find out the role of students in adapting technology at SDI Bistio, especially in using the Zoom and Google Meet learning applications. This research is a qualitative descriptive research. The data collection techniques used are interview and observation techniques. Data analysis includes (1) data reduction, (2) data presentation as well as drawing conclusions and verification. The result of this program is an increase in the knowledge of SDI Bistio teachers and students in terms of using the Zoom and Google Meet applications. This activity is limited to training students so long-term follow-up activities are needed to support technology adaptation at SDI Bistio.

Syahri Ramadoan; Firman Firman; Sahrul Sahrul

Jurnal MIMBAR ADMINISTRASI 2023 Universitas 17 Agustus 1945

The purpose of this research is to explain a strategic approach to the training and development of the Human Resources of the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) in facing organizational change challenges. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method and a literature study approach. The research is conducted at the Office of the Regional Disaster Management Agency in Bima District. In this research, the data analysis technique used is the interactive model according to Miles and Huberman, which consists of three main components: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion/verification. The research results show that in the context of natural disasters that are prone in this region, disaster preparedness, disaster management, and emergency response coordination are the top priorities in the training strategy. Involvement of the local community, collaboration with other institutions, and learning from previous experiences are essential elements that can strengthen the readiness of the BPBD in Bima District. Continuous evaluation, career development, utilization of local human resources, and technological innovation are supportive elements in a comprehensive training strategy. Recommendations include the development of long-term training plans, enhanced inter-agency collaboration, and investment in technology that supports disaster management and training. Facing future challenges, such as climate change that can increase the risk of natural disasters, the BPBD in Bima District must continually update their training strategy and ensure that their response to organizational changes and disasters remains relevant and responsive. Therefore, the training and development strategy for HR in the BPBD in Bima District can help strengthen their preparedness and responsiveness in facing the challenges in this region.

Loria Simanungkalit; Betty Pakpahan; Lasmaria Lumban Tobing

SIMPATI: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan dan Bahasa 2023 CV. Alim's Publishing

The aim of this research is to describe the efforts of teaching staff in improving the quality of learning with the independent learning curriculum at St. Vocational School. Nahanson Parapat Sipoholon. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative research method with a phenomenological approach. Data collection was carried out using observation, interviews and documentation techniques. The results of this research describe the efforts of teaching staff in improving the quality of learning with an independent curriculum at St. Vocational School. Nahanson Parapat Sipoholon in 2023 by: delivering interesting learning, getting students used to asking questions, and attending seminars/training. This research concludes that the efforts made by teaching staff to improve the quality of learning with an independent learning curriculum are very necessary at St. Nahanson Parapat Sipoholon Vocational School so that the quality is higher and student achievement increases.

Rusmauli Lumban Gaol; Petronella Purba; Indra Hizkia

Jurnal Anestesi: Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan dan Kedokteran, 2023 Stikes Kesdam IV/Diponegoro Semarang, Indonesia

Basic life support Basic life support (BHD) is an action or effort made to prolong life for sufferers whose lives are threatened. This study aims to determine the definition, purpose, indications and management of basic life support at Santa Elisabeth Hospital Medan. This type of research is descriptive with a total population of 250. Sampling is carried out using a purposive technique, with a total of 71 respondents. The results show that the knowledge of nurses at Santa Elisabeth Hospital Medan is in good category, 54 respondents (76.1%), 13 respondents (18.3%) sufficient, and 4 respondents (5.6%) lacking. It can be concluded from the study that the majority of nurses are categorized as "good". The definition of basic life support is categorized as good with the number of respondents 52 or (73.2%), enough 11 respondents (15.5%) and less 8 respondents (11.3%). In this research, basic life support goals can be categorized in the "good" category with 40 respondents (56.3%) being good, 25 respondents (35.2%) sufficient, and 6 respondents (8.5%) lacking. Indications for basic life support are categorized as "good" with a good number of respondents 61 (85.9%) and less than 10 respondents (14.1). management of basic life support can be categorized as "good" with the number of good respondents 48 respondents (67.6%), enough 18 respondents (25.4%) and less 5 (7.0%). Nurses at Santa Elisabeth Medan Hospital have quite good knowledge because there is support from basic life support training or BTCLS.

Lianna Wijaya; Rini Kurnia Sari; Noor Udin; Taufiq Annas; Hendri Hartono

Karunia: Jurnal Hasil Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia 2023 Fakultas Teknik Universitas Maritim AMNI Semarang

Community service activities are very important to improve the quality of human resources for MSMEs. Copywriting training was conducted by Bina Nusantara University Semarang for 30 MSMEs in the city of Semarang. The term copywriting was not yet known to the participants and this training was attended with great enthusiasm so that the participants could increase their knowledge regarding marketing using copywriting techniques which are one of the trends in the marketing world. Training participants are expected to have the ability to write attractive promotional or advertising language so that their products can stick in the minds of customers. By mastering this copywriting technique, the participants are able to increase product sales through digital marketing via social media by using advertising writing techniques that are attractive to the customers.

Haeril Haeril

Jurnal MIMBAR ADMINISTRASI 2023 Universitas 17 Agustus 1945

This research will focus on the evaluation of socio-economic development policies in Sape District, Bima Regency, with the aim of understanding the extent to which development efforts have achieved their goals. This study employs a qualitative descriptive method and a Literature Review. The research location includes the Bima Regency Development Planning Agency, the Department of Tourism, the Department of Marine and Fisheries, the Department of Environment, and the Department of Social Affairs of Bima Regency. The research findings indicate that Sape District has significant economic potential in the fisheries and agriculture sectors, but it still faces a considerable level of poverty, especially among coastal households. The economic empowerment of coastal communities needs to be enhanced through skills training programs, financial assistance for business capital, and improved access to business loans. Furthermore, a specific focus on generating employment opportunities, particularly for young people, is essential. Poor infrastructure and limited accessibility pose significant obstacles to economic development. Investments in infrastructure improvement, such as roads and ports, are required to enhance mobility and market access. Sustainable natural resource management is vital for preserving the potential of fisheries and agriculture in the area. Strict law enforcement against illegal fishing practices and educational efforts to promote sustainable fishing practices are necessary. Climate change impacts, including rising sea levels and extreme weather conditions, affect the region. Therefore, strategies for climate change adaptation and mitigation need to be developed. The evaluation of socio-economic development policies indicates that assistance programs have been implemented, but there is a need for improvement in directing policies toward poverty alleviation, economic empowerment, and sustainable natural resource management.

Sari Lastarida Nainggolan; Maringan Sinambela; Masniar. H. Sitorus; Wilmar E Simandjorang; Bambang T J Hutagalung

Jurnal Mahasiswa Kreatif 2023 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

Research objectives To find out strategies that can be implemented in developing community-based Ecotourism in Tipang village, Baktiraja District, Humbang Hasundutan Regency in 2023. To find out what factors support and inhibit the development of community-based Ecotourism in Tipang tourist village. Using a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach through in-depth interview techniques with informants. From the results of research conducted by researchers, the Tipang Tourism Village, Baktiraja District, Humbang Hasundutan Regency is still in the pioneering stage. Therefore, for the Tipang Tourism Village development strategy there are stages that must be carried out, especially the process of approaching the community and providing guidance to assist the community's human resources. As well as the existence of supporting and inhibiting factors in the community-based ecotourism development strategy, more attention must be paid by utilizing the potential of the Tipang Tourism Village. The strategies that have been implemented in the tourism community are: 1. Becoming a government partner in encouraging and disseminating tourism awareness among the community. 2. Providing participation in various related training, such as understanding what tourism potential is and also what it is like to develop a tourist village. 3. Mapping tourism potential, where Pokdarwis has data from every tourist location point in Tipang Tourism Village. 4. Create a tour package where this tour package has a tariff according to the tourist's trip in the Tourism Village and what the tourist's activities will be in the future. 5. Promoting tourism products carried out by Pokdarwis so that Tipang Tourism Village becomes increasingly well known and penetrates the outside world. Potential villages with culture and daily traditions of the community that can be developed as tourist village attractions. Through the factors that influence the development of this tourist village, there are attractions, amenities, accessibility and also superior human resources.

Restu Samosir; Albiner Siagian; Harisan Boni Firmando; Mery Silalahi; Yulia K.S Sitepu

Jurnal Manajemen Pariwisata dan Perhotelan 2023 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

The purpose of this study is to determine the strategy for developing tourism potential of Prongil Julu village, Tinada district, Pakpak Bharat district. This study uses qualitative research methods and uses SWOT  (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis with three informants. The results of this study depict that developing tourism potential in Prongil Julu village has several advantages such as fresh air, cultural attractions, quite complete facilities,  hospitality of people and  entrance to the capital of Pakpak Bharat regent. However, there are also weaknesses such as underdeveloped infrastructure, lack of tourism promotion as well as lack of public interest and attention towards tourism. There are also opportunities to develop tourism through community tourism training, partnerships with the private sector and leveraging the benefits of Lae Mbilulu Falls to attract tourists. However, threats such as competition with destinations other than  Prongil Julu Village and environmental damage also need attention. Based on these SWOT results, the author proposes a number of strategies to develop tourism potential such as infrastructure development, increased tourism promotion,  tourism product development and cooperation with the private sector and  Pakpak Bharat District Tourism Board. It is hoped that this strategy can help Prongil Julu Village maximize its tourism potential for economic growth and regional development.

Mohamad Firdaus; Aditya Herliawan; Indra Bakti

Faedah : Jurnal Hasil Kegiatan Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia 2023 FKIP, Universitas Palangka Raya

Online marketplace is so mushrooming that it can make it easier for someone to transact in everyday life. By introducing this technology to the community, especially residents of Komp. Kebersihan RT13 / RW10 Cengkareng West Jakarta. It is hoped that it can make it easier for someone to start an online shop business, or make it easier for someone to promote their products, therefore by conducting learning in the context of community service to socialize the introduction of the online marketplace and also provide training on the use of features in the marketplace that can be used by residents of Komp. housing. Kebersihan RT13/RW10 Cengkareng West Jakarta. This is a community service activity by us.

Angga Wahyudi; Muhammad Bhismi Thoifurqoni Assyamiri; Wilda Al Aluf; Mohammad Ryan Fadhillah; Shinta Yolanda +1 more

Jurnal Bintang Manajemen (JUBIMA) 2023 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

The digital era has changed the paradigm and practice of human resource management (HR). This article analyzes the impact of digital transformation on HR, with a focus on paradigm shifts, digital skills development, and the use of technology in decision making. The pre-digital era emphasized administration, while the digital era demands attention to employees' digital skills. Developing digital skills is important, considering these skills are key in the modern world of work. A competency-based approach is a more suitable method for dealing with technological change. HR management has a major role in facilitating organizational adaptation and success in the ever-evolving digital era. The World Economic Forum (2020) said skills such as understanding technology, data analysis, and proficiency in using digital devices have become important in today's world of work. In facing the digital era, organizations are faced with new challenges and opportunities. Changing the HR management paradigm from administrative to strategic requires adaptive and innovative leadership. Digital skills development is the foundation for productivity and competitiveness. Therefore, employee training and development must be the main focus. A competency-based approach allows a more precise identification of the required skills requirements. In addition, the use of technology and data analysis enables more accurate and objective decision making.

Dita Pebriyanti; Siti An Nisa; Fahim Khilda Afiffulloh; Dwi Wulan Sari; Nanda Bayu Aji Argananta +9 more

Jurnal Nusantara Berbakti 2023 Universitas Kristen Indonesia Toraja

The development of Ngrupit Village as a tourism village is inseparable from the participation of all members of the community. One of the important elements in supporting the creation of a tourist village is the existence of an institution that can manage and organize tourism businesses or what we call a Tourism Awareness Group (Pokdarwis). This service activity aims to provide assistance to Pokdarwis Ngrupit Village to increase the understanding and capabilities of its members in tourism business governance. This service begins with the formation of Pokdarwis institutions, tourism potential survey activities, Forum Group Discussion (FGD) activities, and training in tourism business governance. Through this training activity, Pokdarwis of Ngrupit Village was given training, socialization, assistance, and empowerment regarding tourism business management, including financial management, marketing, facilities, and customer service. The benchmark for the success of this service activity is seen from the pre-test and post-test scores in the training activities. The results showed that the average pre-test score was 66.42 and the average post-test score was 87.14 in the tourism business management training. While in the training of Branding and Marketing of Tourism Businesses, the average pre-test score was 50.71 and post-test was 85.71. Based on these results, it was found that there was an increase in the average score before and after attending the training. Thus, this training increased the understanding of Pokdarwis members regarding tourism business management as well as branding and marketing of tourism businesses.  

Annisa Primaharani; Padmono Wibowo

Jurnal Riset dan Inovasi Manajemen 2023 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

This research aims to evaluate the impact of training and development on the level of employee competence at Class IIA Narcotics Penitentiary in Yogyakarta. The enhancement of employee competence in this penitentiary is facilitated through training programs covering various technical fields. Each employee has the right to participate in and receive structured training. Data was collected using a questionnaire, and data analysis was conducted through simple linear regression analysis. The research results indicate that Training and Development have a significant impact on employee competence. The research employed a quantitative approach with random sampling techniques. The research subjects consisted of 30 employees from Class IIA Narcotics Penitentiary in Yogyakarta. Data processing was carried out using the statistical analysis tool IBM SPSS 25, which involved entering and calculating the respondents' assessments of the research instrument distributed.