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The development of information technology has facilitated access to various digital services, including online gambling. Online gambling is widely promoted by influencers on social media. This raises legal issues, considering that gambling is prohibited in Indonesia. Online gambling is often portrayed by influencers as an instant financial solution, enticing many people, especially the youth, who are easily influenced, to participate. The purpose of this study is to analyze the legislation related to the promotion of online gambling and assess the effectiveness of law enforcement related to such content on social media. The research method used is normative legal research, utilizing primary legal sources such as the ITE Law No. 11 of 2008, updated with Law No. 19 of 2016, and Article 303 of the Criminal Code. Law enforcement must be strengthened through cyber patrols, site blocking, and public education to raise awareness of the risks of online gambling. This study provides guidance for policymakers in designing preventive and repressive measures to combat the promotion of online gambling in Indonesia.

Adolescent obesity is an increasingly global public health concern, including in Indonesia. Fast food consumption characterized by high calories, fat, sugar, and sodium with low essential nutrients has been identified as a major contributing factor. This study aimed to analyze the association between fast food consumption and obesity in adolescents and evaluate other influencing factors such as socioeconomic status, physical activity, and psychological aspects. This descriptive analytical literature review used secondary data sourced from journals, books, and research reports, obtained through PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect, with strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. Findings indicate a significant relationship between fast food consumption and increased obesity risk among adolescents. Socio-cultural influences, including advertising and accessibility, also shape dietary habits. Implications suggest the need for stricter fast food advertising regulations, improved nutrition education, and policies limiting fast food availability around adolescents. Routine fast food consumption has been proven to elevate obesity risk, underscoring the urgency of promoting healthy lifestyles and reducing fast food accessibility as preventive strategies.

The existence of laws in health has been proven to have serious impacts on the health sector in various countries, including Indonesia. Through an analysis of philosophical texts and related research, this article reveals how corrupt practices affect the allocation of funds for the health system, disrupt the provision of adequate health facilities and services, and affect the quality of medical services. The economic implications of corruption on the health sector, including the high cost of obtaining quality health services and unequal access to health services. The social impacts of corruption are also analyzed, including poverty, unequal income distribution, and increased risk of criminal acts. In an effort to minimize the negative impacts of corruption on public health, this article proposes the implementation of strategies of transparency, accountability, and public participation. Implementation of the systeme-governmentand the active role of society ascitizen controlis a concrete step that can be taken to combat corruption and ensure more efficient and transparent use of public resources. The need for a joint role from the government, civil society, and the private sector in building a health system that is fairer, more transparent, and free from corruption. By strengthening the foundations of democracy and prioritizing transparency, Indonesia can move towards more equitable and quality public health for all people.

This study aims to explore the role of the Data Management Information System (SIMD) in increasing transparency and building public trust in Zakat, Infak, and Sedekah (ZIS) institutions in North Sumatra. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this study examines how the application of information technology contributes to more open and accountable governance. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, direct observation, and documentation analysis at ZIS institutions that have adopted a digital system. The results of the study indicate that the use of SIMD allows ZIS institutions to automatically record transactions, present financial reports in real time, and expand access to information for the public. Transparency resulting from digitalization encourages increased community participation and strengthens the legitimacy of institutions in the eyes of muzakki and mustahik. This study also found that transparency acts as a mediating variable between the implementation of information systems and the level of public trust. Trust is built through the consistency of institutions in providing open, accurate, and easily accessible information. This study provides a conceptual contribution to the development of a model of the relationship between information technology, transparency, and public trust, as well as practical recommendations for strengthening digital governance in the Islamic philanthropy sector. Policy implications include the need for regulatory support in expanding the digitalization of ZIS institutions in an inclusive and sustainable manner.    

The rapid development of information technology has significantly driven the growth of e-commerce as one of the main channels in modern commercial activities. In the beauty product sector, digital platforms offer consumers easier access and simultaneously expand market reach for business actors. However, this advancement also brings various challenges, particularly in relation to consumer protection. Common issues include product authenticity, information transparency, transaction security, and dispute resolution mechanisms. In this context, legal protection for consumers has become an urgent matter that cannot be overlooked. This study aims to analyze the forms of legal protection available to consumers of beauty products in e-commerce transactions and to assess the effectiveness of existing regulations in addressing these challenges. Using a normative juridical approach, the study evaluates relevant legislation, such as Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection, along with other regulations related to electronic transactions. The findings reveal that although legal instruments have been established to safeguard consumer rights, their implementation still encounters obstacles, including limited supervision of online business actors and low consumer literacy regarding their rights. Therefore, efforts are needed to strengthen regulations, improve consumer education, and optimize the roles of supervisory and dispute resolution institutions. In this way, the consumer protection system in the e-commerce sector—particularly for beauty products—can operate more effectively and provide a greater sense of security for the public in conducting digital transactions.

This study uses a qualitative literature review method to analyze the impact of social protection programs on poverty reduction in urban areas from a public economics perspective. The main focus of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of various government social interventions such as cash assistance, basic needs subsidies, and social security, based on scholarly literature, journals, and official policy documents. Social protection programs are considered vital instruments in improving the welfare of poor and vulnerable populations, especially in urban environments with complex socio-economic dynamics. The findings show that well-planned and well-targeted social protection plays a significant role in reducing household expenditures among the poor, increasing purchasing power, and strengthening economic resilience. In addition, social protection can encourage economic participation among vulnerable groups through empowerment and improved access to basic services. This study also highlights the importance of institutional synergy and continuous evaluation to ensure that social protection policies have a long-term impact on poverty alleviation.

The implementation of Regional Autonomy will encourage an increase in the welfare of the regional people, especially the poor. With Regional Autonomy, it will be easier for the poor to access resources and develop their potential to be able to increase the progress of their respective regions, so that the gap between regions and the center can be narrowed. This is because rebellions and separatist actions in the regions, according to some experts, originate from regional assessments that do not fairly receive most of the country's wealth originating from the regions. So the roots of these political demands are demands for economic justice, an unfair distribution of the cake between the center and the regions. The method used in this study is a method of quantitative data analysis and data analysis method using a path diagram with 6 dimensions of measurement, namely, factors supporting regional finance (Regional Original Income, Central Government Transfer Income, Regional Transfers, Investment, Degree of Economic Exploitation), Financing Development, and Level of People's Welfare in Kutai Kartanegara Regency in 2013-2021. Regional Own Revenue, Central Government Transfer Funds, Transfers to Regions, and Investments have a significant effect on development financing in Kutai Kartanegara Regency. However, the degree of direct economic exploitation has no significant effect on development financing and the level of welfare in Kutai Kartanegara Regency.    

This study analyzes the role of digital transformation as a strategic instrument to expand public service accessibility in Indonesia. Through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of open-access national journals and relevant policy documents from the last decade, the research highlights how digitalization, particularly e-government implementation, enhances service efficiency, transparency, and inclusivity. Key findings indicate that digital platforms like SP4N-LAPOR! have improved public responsiveness and accountability, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, challenges such as infrastructure disparities, uneven digital literacy, bureaucratic resistance, and data security risks hinder optimal outcomes. The study concludes that digital transformation significantly supports public service reform but requires integrated strategies, including infrastructure development, digital literacy programs, inclusive regulations, and multi-stakeholder coordination. These recommendations aim to bridge the digital divide and ensure equitable access to public services across all regions and vulnerable groups.

This study aims to assess how the development and tourism potential of Parepare City are perceived by the local community. Using a mixed-method approach (qualitative and quantitative), this research analyzes five main components (A5): Attraction, Amenities, Ancillary Services, Activities, and Accessibility, utilizing the Weighted Analysis technique (Likert Scale) to provide a structured evaluation. The findings indicate that public perceptions of tourism development vary. Artificial attractions received high ratings and are considered a key strength. Regarding amenities, the availability of places of worship was rated as the most adequate. However, in ancillary services, facilities such as clean water, electricity, and culinary services still require improvement. In terms of activities, events like festivals and recreational activities were deemed to be suboptimal in terms of implementation, management, and the involvement of local SMEs. Meanwhile, in the accessibility component, institutions such as Pokdarwis have not been effectively implemented. Therefore, a development strategy is needed that actively involves the community through training and empowerment, as well as continuous support from the government. Infrastructure improvement and regular evaluations are essential steps to enhance tourist interest in visiting Parepare City.

This journal defines public policy as actions taken by governmental authorities to address specific social issues and emphasizes citizen participation as a key element in the democratic process. It outlines the importance of community involvement in policymaking to enhance legitimacy, governmental accountability, and the quality of policies. Factors influencing citizen participation include education, socioeconomic status, and access to information. The theoretical framework underscores the significance of active participation for successful community development, particularly highlighting the role of Generation Z in political engagement through digital platforms.Various methods for involving citizens in decision-making—such as public forums, surveys, and online platforms—are discussed, alongside the benefits of integrating technology to promote transparency and inclusivity. To explore this phenomenon in depth, a qualitative research method with an exploratory case study approach is employed. The study involves in-depth interviews with key informants such as public officials, representatives of civil society organizations, and Generation Z citizens who are actively engaged in digital participation. Additionally, participatory observation of public policy forums and documentation of various technology-based participatory initiatives are conducted. Thematic analysis is used to identify patterns, themes, and factors that influence the effectiveness of citizen participation in policymaking. Data validity is ensured through source and method triangulation, as well as member checking with selected respondents.This paper also presents case studies of successful participatory initiatives while addressing challenges such as unequal power dynamics and limited access to information. The recommendations focus on strategies to raise awareness, enhance transparency, encourage inclusivity, and foster a culture of active participation to ensure that policies reflect the diverse needs of society. Overall, meaningful citizen engagement is deemed essential for effective governance and policymaking.

The National Health Insurance (JKN) program, administered by BPJS Kesehatan, has significantly expanded public access to healthcare services, particularly inpatient care. This study aims to analyze inpatient JKN reimbursement patterns at Surakarta General Government Hospital during the period of 2020 to 2024. The analysis focuses on five main variables: INA-CBGs grouping codes, class of care, severity level, INA-CBGs tariff, and actual hospital costs. A descriptive-analytic method with a quantitative approach was employed, utilizing secondary data extracted from the INA-CBGs system. The results indicate that inpatient reimbursements were predominantly concentrated in Class 3 services (64%–70%) and severity level 1 (45%–59%). From 2020 to 2022, respiratory-related cases dominated, likely due to the COVID-19 pandemic, while in 2023–2024 a shift occurred toward non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular and metabolic conditions. A consistent negative tariff gap was identified, particularly in Class 3 and severity level 1, where INA-CBGs reimbursements were insufficient to cover actual service costs. These findings underscore the importance of periodic review of INA-CBGs tariff structures, reinforcement of Quality and Cost Control (KMKB), and optimization of reimbursement management information systems to enhance service efficiency and ensure the financial sustainability of JKN, especially in Type C hospitals that serve as the primary level of healthcare delivery.

This study aims to measure the effectiveness of the Family Hope Program (PKH) in improving the welfare of poor households in Bekasi Regency. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, the study focuses on an in-depth understanding of the perceptions and experiences of program beneficiaries. Data was collected through both closed and open-ended questionnaires distributed to 60 respondents, consisting of 50 Beneficiary Families (KPM) and 10 social facilitators. Data analysis was conducted using quantitative descriptive methods for the closed questionnaires, and thematic analysis for the open-ended responses and document study. The results show that more than 75% of respondents felt a positive impact in the field of education, while 72% regularly accessed health services such as Posyandu. Economically, 68% of respondents stated that the PKH assistance helped meet their basic needs, although it was not sufficient for long-term needs. Regarding implementation, 80% of respondents expressed satisfaction with the social facilitation provided, although administrative procedures and limited access in remote areas remain challenges. The conclusion of this study indicates that PKH has a significant social impact on poor households. However, the program’s effectiveness still needs improvement through streamlined administrative processes, adjustment of the aid amount, and greater attention to hard-to-reach areas so that the program’s benefits can be felt more evenly and sustainably.

The rapid advancement of information technology has brought about new challenges for society, one of which is the widespread practice of online gambling. With unrestricted access across time and space, online gambling is easily accessible through mobile devices and the internet, making the public—especially those facing economic hardship, social influence, and easy access—highly vulnerable. Online gambling not only violates the law but also poses serious social and economic consequences, such as addiction, debt, family breakdowns, and a rise in criminal behavior. Through a Community Service (PkM) activity conducted by lecturers from the Faculty of Law, Sunan Bonang University, Tuban, in Panyuran Village, legal and social education regarding the dangers and sanctions of online gambling was provided. This activity used participatory and descriptive approaches through lectures and interactive discussions. The results showed an increase in participants’ understanding of the mechanisms, impacts, and legal consequences of online gambling, while also fostering awareness to avoid engaging in such illegal practices. Preventive efforts such as continuous education and family-based supervision are expected to serve as strategic measures to minimize the spread of online gambling within society.    

This study aims to analyze the state's authority in organizing electronic systems related to freedom of expression in the digital world. The development of technology that gives rise to a dilemma between the needs or activities of society and regulations to protect public interests and individual human rights, especially freedom of expression, makes it necessary to have regulations that accommodate both of these things. Through a prescriptive normative legal research method with a statutory approach, through an analysis of laws and regulations, legal literature, and international human rights instruments, this study examines the state's authority in regulating the implementation of electronic systems that are pro-freedom of expression. The results of the study indicate that the state has the authority to regulate the implementation of electronic systems to determine and enforce restrictions on a person's human rights, which in this case is shown through the ability to terminate access to content. However, the implementation of the provisions that have been in effect has the potential to violate the right to freedom of expression because of the possibility of restrictions on rights that do not meet the principles of legality, legitimate purposes, and proportionality as regulated by laws and regulations, especially the constitution and international human rights standards.

The advancement of digital technology has transformed the nature of social participation, particularly among Generation Z, who were raised in a digital ecosystem. This study aims to examine Generation Z's perceptions of the effectiveness of digital activism as a form of contemporary social participation. Using a literature review method, the study analyzes various academic sources to explore the dynamics of digital activism within the context of digital natives. The findings reveal that Generation Z perceives digital activism as an effective tool to express opinions, raise public awareness, and foster solidarity. Digital activism offers accessibility, broad reach, and flexibility in conveying social aspirations. However, challenges such as slacktivism and misinformation remain significant barriers. These findings imply the need for strategic approaches to optimize digital activism as a sustainable instrument for social change.

This study aims to identify and analyze the challenges faced by schools in the Riau Archipelago in implementing their vision and mission. School vision and mission are crucial guidelines in the educational process, as they reflect the goals and direction that the educational institution seeks to achieve. However, the challenges in their implementation often affect the effectiveness of achieving those goals. This study focuses on local factors that may influence the implementation of school vision and mission in the Riau Archipelago, such as limited resources, infrastructure issues, and cultural and social barriers in the archipelago region. The methodology used in this study is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation studies. The results of the study indicate that, although the vision and mission of schools in the Riau Archipelago are clear and well-defined, the main challenges lie in the lack of adequate facilities and resources, as well as difficulties in reaching remote and isolated areas. Additionally, local cultural factors and public perceptions of education also affect effective implementation. This study suggests the need for improved access to educational resources, training for teachers and school principals, as well as the utilization of technology to overcome geographical and social barriers. Therefore, this study is expected to contribute to the improvement of the education system in the Riau Archipelago and other remote areas

This study examines trends in scientific publications on digitalization from 2014 to 2024 published in Scopus-indexed journals worldwide. Data were collected from the Scopus database on October 6, 2024, at 21:56 WIB using the keywords "Digitalization" and "Public Services." A total of 593 documents were found in various categories, including titles, abstracts, and keywords. To analyze these documents, the authors employed the VOSviewer program (version 1.6.17), which enables the visualization of relationships in research data. The search analysis on document results was used to complete the data collection process, followed by detailed data analysis. The research data was analyzed through infographic mapping, which visualized research developments and document mapping on various aspects such as affiliations, countries, subject areas, and types of publications. This analysis revealed significant correlations among studies focused on the digitalization of public services. The findings show that research on the digitalization of public services from 2014 to 2024 has consistently grown year after year, with 593 published documents discussing the issue across different countries. The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration emerged as the most active affiliation, publishing 14 documents on the topic. The Russian Federation ranked first in scientific publications, contributing 83 documents indexed by Scopus. In terms of subject areas, the study highlighted the growing importance of digitalization in enhancing public services globally. The VOSviewer analysis revealed strong connections among studies in this field, further emphasizing the rising global focus on digitalization in public administration and governance. These trends reflect the growing significance of digital tools and technologies in improving the efficiency and accessibility of public services worldwide, signaling an ongoing and expanding area of academic and policy interest.

Situ Gede Sub-district in Bogor City has the potential to develop tourism, yet still faces challenges in promoting tourist destinations and in operating administrative systems that have not adopted digital technology. To address these issues, a mixed-method approach was used by combining qualitative and quantitative methods through interviews and questionnaires involving local residents and village officials. The results showed that the majority of respondents gave positive responses to digital innovation and expressed their willingness to use an online platform. As a result, a village website was developed to serve as a digital platform facilitating the management of population documents and tourism information. The website is designed to improve the effectiveness of public services and strengthen the promotion of the village’s potential. This digital solution serves as an innovative approach to deliver fast, accessible, and community-oriented public services by leveraging technology.

Madura, an island in East Java, is known for its rich cultural heritage. Despite this, prevailing stereotypes in society often emphasize negative aspects of Madurese culture, which can obscure its valuable and positive traditions. One such cultural gem is Daul music—a vibrant and rhythmic musical expression that deserves greater public appreciation. This study explores the design and development of a digital comic titled “The Sparkle of Madura’s Daul”, which aims to introduce Daul music to a younger audience, particularly teenagers aged 18–22, through the Webtoon platform. Utilizing a qualitative descriptive method, the research gathered data through observation, questionnaires, and interviews to inform the design process. The comic is created not only as an engaging entertainment medium but also as a tool for cultural education and preservation. By integrating narrative and visual storytelling, the comic presents Daul music in a compelling and accessible format, positioning it as a cultural asset comparable to the well-known Karapan Sapi. The final product is intended to reshape perceptions of Madurese identity, promote cultural pride, and encourage the appreciation of traditional music among youth. This initiative highlights the potential of digital media to bridge generational and cultural gaps while revitalizing local heritage through creative means.

The revitalization of urban heritage areas in Indonesia, exemplified by Panggung Street in Surabaya, faces multifaceted challenges encompassing the preservation of historical character, socio-economic enhancement, and the creation of inclusive public spaces. Current revitalization efforts often misalign with the area’s authentic features such as inappropriate facade treatments while neglecting accessibility for vulnerable groups and failing to foster effective collaboration among stakeholders. This study employs a descriptive qualitative case study approach, synthesizing field observations, in-depth interviews with local actors, comprehensive literature reviews, and precedent analyses of Braga Street in Bandung and heritage zones in Malacca. Data were analyzed using SWOT and root cause analysis to identify systemic barriers and leverage opportunities, while comparative-historical interpretation contextualized Surabaya’s urban identity. Triangulation ensured methodological rigor and validity. The research culminates in a holistic revitalization framework emphasizing three key strategies: restoration of authentic architectural features, including original colors and ornamentation, enhancement of inclusive infrastructure, such as accessible pedestrian pathways and universal signage and active community participation through workshops and cultural initiatives like the Kya-Kya night market. This integrated approach not only preserves the area’s historical integrity but also fosters social cohesion, economic vitality, and collective pride. The study demonstrates that combining heritage conservation with inclusive design principles can transform urban spaces into dynamic, accessible, and sustainable environments. The findings offer valuable insights for other Southeast Asian cities facing similar heritage revitalization challenges.