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Mohammad Hilman Fauzi; Djoko Darmawan; Choirul Amin

SARGA: Journal of Architecture and Urbanism 2022 Universitas 17 Agustus 1945

Masjid biasa diartikan tempat sujud, dan sebutan masjid di Indonesia adalah musala, langgar, atau surau, yang diperuntukkan bagi masjid yang tidak digunakan untuk salat Jumat, dan biasanya berukuran kecil. Potensi dalam perancangan Masjid Raya di Pulau Madura diantaranya banyaknya Masyarakat yang mayoritas beragama Muslim juga banyaknya pondok pesantren yang tersebar di Pulau Madura, kemudian dengan menanggapi adanya potensi wisata religi juga wisata alam. Pendekatan filosofi terhadap Masjid Raya Jawa Timur di Pulau Madura yaitu merupakan bangunan yang menjadi pusat dari pelaksanaan ibadah berjamaah yang berisi ruang lapang yang berisi shaf luas sebagai tempat untuk ibadah. Mempunyai tujuan memberikan wadah kepada masyarakat Indonesia khususnya wilayah Provinsi Jawa Timur di Pulau Madura dalam memfasilitasi kegiatan peribadatan. Dengan menggunakan Konsep Arsitektur Modern dan Arsitektur Islam membuat desain Masjid Raya ini memberikan kesan yang elegant dan simetris, serta penggunaan material batu alam dari kearifan lokal menjadi desain Masjid Raya ini semakin terlihat sederhana dengan mementingkan fungsi agar terlihat kontekstual dan ikonik. Masjid Raya ini mewadahi sebuah kegiatan ibadah islami pada masyarakat sekitar yang berfungsi untuk melakukan kegiatan peribadatan juga menjalin ukhuwah Islamiyah dan insaniyah. Pengaplikasiannya dilakukan baik secara zoning, denah, sirkulasi, maupun fasad. Diharapkan rancangan ini dapat berguna dan memberikan inspirasi bagi pembaca.

Rudjiono, Daniel; Rozikin, Khoirur; setiawan, nuris

Jurnal Elektronika dan Komputer 2021 STEKOM PRESS

Perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi semakin mendorong upaya-upaya pembaruan dalam proses belajar mengajar, guru dituntut agar mampu menggunakan maupun membuat media pembelajaran yang lebih inovatif. SMP IT Cahaya Ummat Karangjati merupakan salah satu lembaga pendidikan Islam yang dalam proses pembelajaran masih menggunakan metode konvensional. Hal ini menyebabakan siswa mengalami kebosanan dan kurang aktif dalam proses pembelajaran, sehingga perlu dibuatnya inovasi baru dalam hal media pembelajaran. Solusi yang ditawarkan pada penelitian ini adalah sebuah media pembelajaran interaktif dengan metode Joyfull Learning. Metode Joyfull Learning adalah metode yang sangat baik di gunakan untuk melibatkan peserta didik dalam mempelajari materi yang telah disampaikan mengingat siswa kurang aktif dalam proses pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian ini dirancang untuk memberikan inovasi pembelajaran khususnya mata pelajaran Bahasa Inggris kelas VII semester 2 SMP IT Cahaya Ummat Karangjati. Selain itu, dengan adanya media pembelajaran interaktif diharapkan peserta didik menjadi lebih aktif dalam proses pembelajaran dan dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajar sehingga membuat hasil belajar meningkat.

Sutariyono Sutariyono; Adhy Firdaus; Joned C Saksana; Firmansyah Firmansyah; Fahri Fahri +7 more

Nusantara: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 2021 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

This community service aims to improve understanding and financial management skills among the managers of the Baitul Qurro Islamic Boarding School, South Tangerang. This socialization activity was carried out during October 2021. The objects of this activity were Islamic boarding school managers, including the Islamic boarding school head, treasurer and administrative staff. The activity methods used include training, workshops and focus group discussions. The training includes material on financial planning, budget management, bookkeeping and financial reporting. Interactive workshops provide opportunities for participants to apply the theory they have learned through case studies and practical simulations. Focus group discussions are used to identify specific problems faced in financial management in Islamic boarding schools and find joint solutions. The results of this activity showed a significant increase in financial management understanding and skills among participants. They are able to make better financial plans, manage budgets more efficiently, and carry out more transparent and accurate bookkeeping and financial reporting. The implication of this activity is the creation of a better financial management system at the Baitul Qurro Islamic Boarding School, which in turn will support operational sustainability and development of the Islamic boarding school. Apart from that, improving financial management skills is also expected to increase stakeholder accountability and trust in the management of Islamic boarding school funds.

Sulaiman Kurdi, Muqarramah

Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Bahasa dan Pendidikan 2021 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

This research elucidates the impact of globalization on the content and subjects of the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah curriculum, focusing on the challenges and opportunities it presents. The study utilizes a combination of literature review and thematic analysis to explore the influence of globalization on the curriculum and the strategies employed by Madrasah Ibtidaiyah to strike a balance between traditional Islamic teachings and global knowledge and skills. The findings reveal that globalization has influenced the content and subjects taught in the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah curriculum by necessitating the incorporation of global perspectives, emphasizing universal values, and contextualizing global knowledge within an Islamic framework. However, Madrasah Ibtidaiyah faces challenges in adapting its curriculum, including the need to ensure the preservation of Islamic teachings, address cultural sensitivities, and navigate societal expectations. Despite challenges, globalization offers opportunities for Madrasah Ibtidaiyah to enhance its curriculum and prepare students for a globalized world. This includes fostering intercultural communication, promoting global citizenship, encouraging critical thinking, nurturing tolerance and inclusion, and developing cultural sensitivity. The incorporation of global perspectives significantly impacts students' understanding of diversity and multiculturalism by exposing them to different cultures, challenging stereotypes, promoting intercultural communication, and fostering a sense of global citizenship.

Aini, Nur; Isnowati, Sri; Murdiyanto, Agus

Dinamika Akuntansi Keuangan dan Perbankan 2021 Faculty of Economic and Business Universitas STIKUBANK

This study aims to examine and analyze the factors that affect the amount of easy-to-use savings savings. Thesefactors are the Profit Sharing Rate, Liquidity, Bank Size and Number of Bank Offices. The object of this research is all Islamic Commercial Banks (BUS) that report their Financial Statements to the Monetary Services Authority, with an observation period for the first quarter of 2018 to the fourth quarter of 2019. The sampling method uses the Census method, namely the entire available population is sampled and there are 14 Sharia Commercial Banks. Data analysis using multiple linear regression. The results of the study found that the Profit Sharing Rate has no effect, Liquidity has a significant negative effect, while the Bank Size and Number of Bank Offices have a significant positive effect on the Total Mudharabah Deposits.

irawan, wahyu; Wahyu Irawan; James Andrew Hadiprajitno; H Hersugondo

EBISNIS : JURNAL ILMIAH EKONOMI DAN BISNIS 2021 LPPM Universitas Sains dan Teknologi Komputer

This research was conducted to see whether there was an abnormal return before and after the Jakarta PSBB announcement. The sample was selected using a purposive sampling technique from 30 stocks that are members of the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) in the 2020 period. The data in this study used secondary data, opening, and closing prices, and Composite Stock Price Index (IHSG). This research is an event study using an event study with an observation period of eight days, four days before the announcement and after the day after the announcement of the Jakarta PSBB. Hypothesis testing uses the Wilcoxon signed ranking test. Based on the research results, there was no change in abnormal return before and after the announcement of the Jakarta PSBB announcement

Mulyani Rizki

Jurnal Manajemen Sosial Ekonomi 2021 LPPM Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi - Studi Ekonomi Modern

Service quality in the Islamic concept can be said that the overall features and characteristics of a product or service that depend on its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs and in accordance with Islamic values.21 In this concept Islam teaches that providing services in the form of goods or services. must be of quality in accordance with Islamic values, and do not give bad and not quality because it will only harm both parties. Service quality in Islam is defined as a customer's assessment of the superiority or privilege of a product or service as a whole which is of course based on Islamic principles, the quality of service in Islam provides services that basically every activity related must be based on compliance with sharia which is full of values. -moral and ethical values. Improving the quality of service in Islam is very necessary in order to determine customer decision making. However, it will not run well if it is not accompanied by quality decision making. To maintain the quality of service in Islam is not only the duty of the employees, but all the members involved. Judging from the above phenomena, the quality of Islamic services can be taken into consideration for customer decision making. The purpose of this study was to determine how the influence of Islamic service quality on customer decisions in murabahah financing. The number of samples in this study was 100 respondents, this study used a quantitative approach. The data collection technique in this study used a questionnaire, and the sampling technique used the incidental sampling method using the hair formula. The data obtained were then processed with SEM AMOS Version 20. The results of this study indicate that the CR value is 3,418 > 1.96 and the probability is 0.000 < 0.05, so it can be concluded that Islamic Service Quality has a positive and significant effect on Customer Decision Making in Murabahah Financing.

Aribatul Hamidah, Raisa; Alam, Azhar; Taufik Hidayat, Muhamad; Anas, Muhammad; Suranto, Suranto +1 more

Adi Widya: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 2021 Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat

Sebagai negara maju, China masih tidak terlepas dari masalah konflik internal. Salah satunya yaitu konfllik di Uyghur. Uyghur merupakan kelompok etnis minoritas yang sebagian besar beragama Islam, dan terutama berbasis diwilayah Xinjiang, di barat laut China. Berdasarkan sejarahnya, konflik ini dipicu ketimpangan ekonomi, ketidakpuasan, ketidakadilan, dan kekerasan yang secara simultan bergulir di Xinjiang. Dimana Etnis Uyghur muslim mengalami perseteruan dengan pemerintah otoritas China. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta melihat perlunya advokasi hak-hak etnis Uyghur di Xinjiang dan negara-negara suaka. Advokasi dan edukasi ini bertujuan untuk menambah kesadaran masyarakat khususnya masyarakat Indonesia untuk melakukan aksi nyata dalam membela etnis Uyghur. Kegiatan ini diikuti oleh 117 peserta dari berbagai kalangan usia dari Indonesia dan India. Peserta memiliki antusiasme yang tinggi ditunjukkan dengan adanya dialog atau interaksi berupa pertanyaan yang disampaikan oleh peserta. Kegiatan ini menyimpulkan pentingnya peran semua pihak yang peduli terhadap hak asasi manusia untuk berperan aktif dan mendukung terwujudnya keadilan bagi etnis Uyghur.

Damayanti, Ratna; Maryam, Siti

Adi Widya: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 2021 Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat

Blood is an important component of the human body, therefore the supply of blood at the Indonesian Red Cross must be maintained. In the era of the Covid-19 pandemic that hit Indonesia, the amount of blood supply at the Indonesian Red Cross decreased. Seeing this condition, lecturers and students from the Management Program of the Universitas Islam Batik Surakarta initiated blood donation activities to the community with the aim of providing education and socialization of the importance of blood donation in the pandemic era, increasing the number of blood bags, humanitarian efforts to help others and a concrete manifestation of the implementation of community service as one of the Tri Dharma of Higher Education. The activity was held on October 14, 2020 at the Keluarahan Tipes, Serengan with health protocol and 3M principles. Participants who registered were 28 participants, who qualified as donors as many as 25 participants. The amount of blood that was collected was as many as 25 bags. The result, the event can run smoothly and orderly and it is hoped that this activity can be held regularly.

Gianto Gianto

Coram Mundo : Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen 2021 Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Injili Arastamar (SETIA) Ngabang

Cukup menarik untuk mencermati mengapa para rohaniwan sekarang ini berminat terjun dalam politik praktis. Di kalangan Islam, misalnya, ditemukan Kiai-kiai yang mendirikan partai-partai politik. Bahkan mencalonkan diri menjadi eksekutif atau pun legislatif. Kenyataan itu mestinya menjadi alasan untuk mempertanyakan secara mendalam alasannya, mengapa mereka harus terlibat

Ali Qosim

Tabsyir: Jurnal Dakwah dan Sosial Humaniora 2021 STAI YPIQ BAUBAU, SULAWESI TENGGARA

The marriage agreement is an agreement made between the prospective spouses which regulates the rights and obligations between the prospective partners after the marriage occurs. The main problem in this thesis is how Islamic law views the content and existence of a marriage agreement before the marriage ceremony and how the effectiveness of the marriage agreement is in an effort to prevent divorce. The writing method in this thesis is a descriptive qualitative method using a type of library research, namely research that aims to be carried out by reading books and collecting data contained in rooms related to libraries, such as books, journals and materials related to problems in research and etc. Data and data sources used in this study are primary data sources, secondary data sources and tertiary data sources. Methods of data collection using the method of research literature and documentation.‎ What is the view of Islamic law regarding the contents and existence of a marriage agreement before the marriage ceremony is that the law of a marriage agreement is mubah law (permit), in the sense that not everyone who is about to get married must agree, there are also those who do not want to make an agreement. Meanwhile, the content of the marriage agreement is related to anything, as long as it does not violate legal boundaries. How is the effectiveness of a marriage agreement in an effort to prevent divorce, namely in making a marriage agreement that has benefits including avoiding divorce, for example a husband and wife make an agreement if there is a divorce, the agreement is that if there is a divorce, property belongs to a wife, therefore the husband does not divorce his wife because if the husband divorces his wife then nothing will get.

Saini Saini; Ifadatul Hosniah

Tabsyir: Jurnal Dakwah dan Sosial Humaniora 2021 STAI YPIQ BAUBAU, SULAWESI TENGGARA

Every human being is created in pairs between a man and a woman, thus forming a marital relationship. But navigating the marriage ship will not go the way you want it to, with divorce sometimes being a shortcut in the marital relationship. Divorce in marriage will have many repercussions, including raising children after divorce. As child support is often overlooked by heirs to their rights and obligations, Islamic law and civil law provide for alimony during marriage or after marriage (divorce). The methodology of this research uses a normative juridical approach and the type of research is library research. Then the primary data sources used are Islamic Family Law and Civil Law. The secondary data sources used are books related to problem formulation and discussion. The data validity testing technique in this research uses data source triangulation. The result of this study is that child maintenance after divorce according to Islamic family law is fully borne by the father, but this obligation can be reduced, if the father cannot work for a living (paralyzed, etc.) and does not have a trump card to give. Meanwhile, child maintenance after divorce according to the provisions of civil law is the responsibility of both parents.

Alfina Wildatul Fitriyah; Mabrurotul Mahallifah

Tabsyir: Jurnal Dakwah dan Sosial Humaniora 2021 STAI YPIQ BAUBAU, SULAWESI TENGGARA

This work is the result of research that describes the application of the law described in the Quran and Al-Hadith as well as the Law of IHL in addressing the concepts of Iddahh and Ihdad for career women. Usually, a woman not only becomes a housewife, but also contributes to the family home by working outside the home. The discussion in this study aims to uncover everything related to women's freedom to carry out activities outside the home, but there are also demanding and restrictive religious prescriptions that must be informed by research. The research method used is qualitative field research with a qualitative descriptive approach. Data collection techniques are carried out by observation, interviews and documentation. To get these answers, researchers used primary and secondary data. Both data were analyzed using qualitative analysis methods. The underlying problem is career women who do not go through the period of Iddahh and Ihdad according to Islamic law. Based on research in Jambesari Hamlet, Jambesari Darussolah District, it was found that many women whose husbands died or were divorced did not know the period of Eiddahh according to Islamic teachings. They only follow the local village customs. From the above results it can be concluded that a wan.

Eva Sundari; Deswarta, Deswarta; Sabrizan Helmi; Deswarta, Deswarta

EBISNIS : JURNAL ILMIAH EKONOMI DAN BISNIS 2021 LPPM Universitas Sains dan Teknologi Komputer

perception factors, service quality, corporate image, and word of mouth on consumer decisions to choose to use Go-Jek online services (Case Study of Riau Islamic University Students). Methods of Selection and Sampling were carried out using the Purposive Sampling technique, the Purposive Sampling technique, namely Taking Samples Deliberately in each of the Faculties at the Islamic University of Riau Using Go-Jek Services The number of samples taken as many as 100 students in several faculties at the Islamic University of Riau. This research data is analyzed by Multiple Linear Regression Analysis and processed using SPSS For Windows Version 20. Application. The results of this study state that Price Perception, Service Quality, Company Image, Word Of Mouth. Influence on Consumer Decisions to choose to use Go-Jek Online services.

Kalbuana, Nawang

Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen dan Akuntansi Terapan 2021 Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Totalwin

This study aims to determine the Company Size, Leverage, Company Value on Tax Avoidance: The Case of Companies Listed in the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII). The approach used in this research is a quantitative approach. The data in this study are secondary data. Data obtained from the page www.idnfinancial.com. Sampling technique using purposive sampling technique and data analysis using multiple linear regression analysis. The findings show that Company Size and Firm Value do not affect Tax Avoidance while Leverage has a significant effect on Tax Avoidance

Robingun Suyud El Syam; Siti Lailiyah; Robiah Adawiyah; Salis Irvan Fuadi

Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Bahasa dan Pendidikan 2021 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Manusia hidup di dunia sebagai khalifah (perwakilan), maka ia mesti menyelami hakikat atas tugas tersebut. Melalui pendekatan historis kosmologis diketahui, bahwa Allah telah menciptakan makluk sebelum manusia di muka bumi yakni entitas jin. Entitas ini mempunyai amanah dari Allah, mengelola bumi dan beribadah pada-Nya. Namun entitas itu gagal, memiliki perilaku merusak dan saling membunuh sehingga kedamain sulit diwujukan. Maka Allah mengganti mereka dengan manusia, melanjutkan amanah pengeloaan bumi dan beribadah. Belajar dari entitas jin, manusia sebagai pengganti (khalifah) mesti menjaga dunia dan taat beribadah agar amanah tersebut bisa ditunaikan.  

Daniel Rudjiono; Setyo Adi Nugroho; Kharolina Arifianti

JURNAL ILMIAH KOMPUTER GRAFIS 2021 UNIVERSITAS STEKOM

Mathematics is an applicable science and very close to human life, so mathematics is very important to learn from elementary school. However, the mathematics competence of elementary school students in Indonesia is relatively low. One of them is SD IT Cahaya Ummat which is located in Karangjati, Kecamatan Bergas, Kabupaten Semarang, the grade 6 students' average mathematics score is lower than other subjects. So far, learning is still conventional in nature with learning resources in the form of printed books, thus it is necessary to have learning innovations to increase students' interest in learning mathematics.The design of interactive media as a learning aid can be a solution to attract students' attention to be more focused when the teacher explains math material in class. When students feel interested and focused on learning, learning will be more effective so that students' understanding of the material presented by the teacher will also increase.Interactive learning media made with Adobe Flash CS5.5 to combine text, images, sound, and animation will make the application more attractive, so that students are more interested in learning mathematics with statistics material. The results of the validation score obtained from media experts are 34, material experts 39, and users 35, so this learning media product is classified as a very good category, so it is valid to be used.  

rosadi, muhammad asep; Kuat Indartono

JURNAL ILMIAH KOMPUTER GRAFIS 2021 UNIVERSITAS STEKOM

The development of information technology is currently increasing rapidly from year to year. One evidence of technological development or advancement is the presence of the internet. The internet has many important benefits for human life. An example of the benefits of having the internet is its popular website. Website is one type of service or facility provided by the internet which is most widely used for various services in many fields, including education, namely schools. Madrasah Aliyah Syamsul Huda, an Islamic-based high school, which is located in Kedungreja District. Madrasah Aliyah Syamsul Huda uses the website as a medium for delivering information related to Madrasah Aliyah Syamsul Huda to students and prospective students. The better the quality of a website, the more users are interested in accessing the website. The purpose of this study is to measure the service quality of the Madrasah Aliyah Syamsul Huda website, a measurement of the measurement of website users on the level of performance and level of importance. The method in this research is the WebQual 4.0 method which consists of 3 variables, namely usability, information quality, quality of service interaction, this study also uses the IPA (Importance Performance Analysis) method. The population in this study were students, teachers, and the community with a sample of 80 respondents. The results showed that 89.03% of the Madrasah Aliyah Syamsul Huda website services had met the respondents' expectations and the Cartesian Impotance Performance Analysis (IPA) results diagram showed that the variables that were of good quality and had to be maintained were US6, IQ1, IQ4, IQ7, and SIQ3. because it has met the expected performance of the respondent. Meanwhile, the variables that are important and are in priority for improvement are IQ3, IQ5, SIQ1, and SIQ6.

Sofia Daniati; Silvia Fatriana; Ifayatul Islamiyah; Hanida Asma Nafi’ah

Garina 2021 Akademi Kesejahteraan Sosial Ibu Kartini Semarang

Telang flower is generally used as food coloring amd traditional medicine. The contents of telang flower has many benefits for humans. Also, it is hoped that the use of telang flower in the manufacture of lip balm will be a new innovation in cosmetic products. The aim of this research is to create a lip balm based on telang flower which functions to moisturize the lips. This research uses literature, ekasperiment, documentation, observation, and public teasting methods. This experiment resulted in two products with different compositions. In addition, that the two products have been tested publicly on 20 panelists ranging in age from 18 to 25 years. From 20 panelists who have tried 2 lip balm products. It was found that most pf them preferred products with a composition of 8 grams of teang flower extract, 50 grams of coconut oil, 30 grams of olive oil, 300 grams of beeswax, and 15 grams of ethanol. This can be seen from the public test average calculation score oh the favorite indicator, namely 2,5. Basade on the statemensts above, it can be concluded that the opporatunity to be developed as a new innovation in the world of cosmetics.

Kurnia santi, Eka dian; Hardiyanti SMB., MM, Widhian

KOMPAK : Jurnal Ilmiah Komputerisasi Akuntansi 2021 Universitas Sains dan Teknologi Komputer

This study aims to test and analyze: (1) a comparative analysis of the level of performance of conventional commercial banks with Islamic commercial banks in 2015-2019, (2) the effect of the CAR, LDR / FDR, and NPL / NPF ratios partially or simultaneously on financial performance. in conventional commercial banks and Islamic commercial banks in 2015-2019.                 The population of this study is all published financial report data from Bank BNI and Bank BNI Syariah, Bank Mandiri and Bank Mandiri Syariah, Bank BRI and Bank BRI Syariah, Bank Bukopin and Bank Bukopin Syariah, Bank Mega and Bank Mega Syariah. The sample of the research is financial report data for 2015-2019. The process of collecting data is done by using documentation method in the form of published financial report data. The instrument test used was the normality test, multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test, and autocorrelation. Data were tested using multiple linear regression, determinant test, F test (Goodness of Fit), and hypothesis testing using the t test.                 Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded as follows: (1) there is a significant difference in the level of financial performance of conventional commercial banks and Islamic commercial banks, this is evidenced by the results of the count test 3,724> t table 2,0086 and the probability of t count 0.001 <0.05: (2) Capital Adequacy Ratio has a positive and significant effect on financial performance at conventional commercial banks and Islamic commercial banks, this is evidenced by the t-count coefficient value of 3,724 <2,0086 and the probability of t count 0.325 <0.05; (3) Loan to Deposit Ratio has no effect on financial performance at conventional commercial banks and Islamic commercial banks, this is evidenced by the t value coefficient of 0.325 <2.0086 and the probability of t count 0.747> 0.05; (4) Non-Performing Loans have a significant negative effect on financial performance at conventional commercial banks and Islamic commercial banks, this is evidenced by the t-count coefficient value of -8.232> 2.0086 and the probability of t count 0,000> 0.05; (5) Capital adequacy ratio (CAR), loan to deposit ratio (LDR), and non performing loan (NPL) affect the financial performance of conventional commercial banks and Islamic commercial banks in 2015-2019, this is evidenced by the Fcount of 35,827 (> F table = 2.557) with a significance probability of 0.000 (<0.05). The results of the adjusted R2 test in this study obtained a value of 0.940. This shows that the financial performance is influenced by the capital adequacy ratio (CAR), loan to deposit ratio (LDR), non performing loan (NPL), amounting to 68.1%, while the remaining 31.9% is influenced by other factors not examined. in this research.