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One way to convert conventional cigarettes to electronic cigarettes is by using vapes. Electronic cigarettes have been widely available since 2014 and have gained popularity among various customer demographics. The number of people using electronic cigarettes in Indonesia continues to increase every year. The trend of vape pods has gained popularity among Generation Z and other young generations. Many people use vape pods because they provide a variety of flavors and less concentrated smoke. The use of vapes, or electronic cigarettes, has become common among young Generation Z. The purpose of this study was to determine the substantial impact of vaping and smoking on the lifestyle of Generation Z. The methodology used was a literature review using a qualitative descriptive study approach. Literature analysis was conducted using fifteen publications from national and international databases, including Google Scholar and PubMed, published between 2020 and 2025. The findings of the review indicate that a number of factors, such as family, friends, and environment, influence vape user adherence.

This research aims to develop and implement the design and front-end transition of a web-based admin dashboard to facilitate information access and support digitalization at PT Kalbe Farma Tbk, particularly in managing the weekly production schedule. The main issue faced is that the preparation of weekly production schedules at PT Kalbe Farma Tbk is still conducted manually using paper and spreadsheets, making it prone to errors and inefficiency. Established in 1966, PT Kalbe Farma Tbk has become a leader in Indonesia's pharmaceutical industry, with a strong commitment to innovation and quality. In addressing modernization challenges, the company seeks to enhance operational efficiency through advanced technology implementation. The platform was developed using the Laravel framework and Tailwind CSS, with PostgreSQL as the database. Key features of the platform include production scheduling, approval submissions, real-time schedule adjustments, and informative data visualization. This research focuses on implementing interface design, transitions, and page routing to improve employee productivity, expedite schedule approvals by production managers, and simplify schedule adjustments by warehouse staff, while reducing errors and improving information accuracy. The methodology used in this study is Rapid Application Development (RAD), which allows for rapid and flexible development with user involvement at every stage. The research also addresses system architecture, implementation processes, and the integration of key features, as well as testing to ensure the platform is accessible across various devices and browsers. The results of this research are expected to significantly contribute to improving operational efficiency and the competitiveness of PT Kalbe Farma Tbk in the pharmaceutical industry.

Hypovolemic shock is a condition of reduced organ perfusion and oxygenation to tissues caused by acute loss of blood (hemorrhagic shock) or body fluids (non-hemorrhagic) which can be caused by various circumstances resulting in multiorgan failure. The mortality rate in injured patients who experience hypovolemic shock in clinics with a total care level reaches 6%. Relevant articles were searched through an electronic database, Google Scholar, using the keywords “Fluid Resuscitation in Patients with Hypovolemic Shock”. The treatment to prevent hypovolemic shock is fluid resuscitation. The classic symptoms of shock are, blood pressure decreases dramatically and is not stable even though the position is lying down, the patient suffers from severe tachycardia, oliguria, agitation or confusion, increased sympathetic work, hyperventilation, collapsed veins, release of stress hormones and large expansion to fill the volume of blood vessels using interstitial fluid, intercellular fluid and reduce urine production. Management of hypovolemic shock due to fixed bleeding begins with an assessment of airway, breathing, circulation, diability and exposure. Then after initial management, the response is evaluated, which can be rapid, temporary, and minimal or no response.

The inventory of medicinal plants involves collecting and organizing data regarding natural resources for resource management planning and serving as a database to reveal the potential of plants in a given area. This study aims to inventory the types of medicinal plants found in the home gardens of the residents of Negeri Latu, Amalatu District, West Seram Regency. The data collection methods employed were exploration and descriptive surveys. The gathered data was subsequently analyzed to identify the benefits or uses of the plants based on relevant literature. The results indicate that 57 species of medicinal plants were found in the home gardens of the residents of Negeri Latu. These plants possess various properties, including antidiabetic, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticholesterol, anticancer, antidysentery, analgesic, antipyretic, and mosquito-repellent effects. This finding highlights the significant potential of home gardens in Negeri Latu as a rich natural resource of medicinal plants. The diversity of plant species reflects the local traditional knowledge of utilizing flora as a natural solution to various health issues.

Disaster preparedness and response are critical components of community health resilience, yet the role of homecare nursing within this framework remains underexplored. This study aims to investigate and synthesize existing research on how homecare nurses contribute to disaster management, with a focus on preparedness and response phases. Employing a systematic literature review (SLR) approach based on the PRISMA 2020 methodology, 38 peer-reviewed articles from major databases were analyzed thematically. Key findings reveal that homecare nurses play significant roles in early warning communication, individualized evacuation planning, and continuity of care post-disaster, particularly for vulnerable populations such as the elderly and chronically ill. However, evidence also indicates substantial gaps in training, policy inclusion, and structural integration into national disaster response systems. Thematic synthesis identified three dominant themes: decentralized preparedness, home-based continuity care, and systemic underrecognition of homecare in emergency frameworks. The study concludes that homecare nursing is a strategic yet underutilized asset in disaster risk reduction and recovery efforts. Strengthening policy, competency frameworks, and formal inclusion of homecare in disaster governance are necessary to enhance community resilience globally.

Obesity is a pressing health issue in Indonesia, especially among adolescents in urban areas. This study aims to analyze the impact of fast food consumption on obesity risk. The method used was a literature review by analyzing 15 relevant literatures using journals published in the last 5 years through Google Scholar and PubMed databases. This research was conducted from March 2025 to April 2025. The results showed that consumption of fast food, which is rich in calories and low in fiber, has a significant association with an increased risk of obesity in adolescents. Adolescents in urban areas consume fast food more frequently compared to those in rural areas, which contributes to health problems. The main conclusion of this study is the need for the development of nutrition education programs as well as the implementation of government policies to encourage healthy eating and increase physical activity levels among adolescents.   Keywords: , , 

Workplace accidents are a crucial issue that greatly impact worker safety and business continuity. This study aims to evaluate the influence of Personal Protective Aquipment (PPE) usage on reducing workplace accident rates across various sectors, including construction, healthcare, and manufacturing. Using a qualitative descriptive approach through a literature review of fifteen scientific articles published between 2020 and 2024, obtained from databases such as Google Scholar, this research found that PPE usage significantly contributes to reducing the incidance of workplace accidents. Compliance with PPE usage is influenced by workers knowledge, attitudes, length of service, and education level,  supported by company supervision and the comfort of PPE use. The findings also indicate that the provision of PPE must be accompanied by education, training, and strict supervision to achieve optimal effectiveness. This study emphasizes the importance of implementing a comprehensive accuptional safety management system to build a strong and sustainable safety culture in the workplace.

Rokok adalah salah satu barang yang berbahaya yang paling mematikan di dunia mengkonsumsi rokok secara berkelanjutan dapat mengakibatkan berbagai masalah kesehatan. Rokok di bedakan menjadi tiga jenis berdasarkan bahan bakunya yaitu rokok putih , rokok kretek dan rokok klembek. Faktor merokok pada remaja yaitu dari faktor interpersonal yang terdiri dari pengaruh teman sebaya. Pengaruh keluarga. Dukungan informasi dan dukungan appraisal. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui sistematis faktor sosial dalam perilaku merokok remaja dan pada penelitian kali ini saya menggunakan metode literature riview dengan meneliti berbagai jurnal yang di publikasikan pada tahun 2020-2025 dengan menggunakan database seperti Google Scholar Web garuda dan PuMed. Merokok di usia muda banyak sekali yang membuat sakit untuk itu dukungan orang tua terhadap anaknya merupakan faktor pengaruh sosial yang paling besar untuk remaja agar tidak merokok. Saran untuk penelitian ini yaitu dapat lebih bervariasi lagi untuk database agar lebih mengetahui lebih banyak tentang faktor yang di sebabkan oleh rokok itu sendiri dan mungkin lebih dalam lagi untuk pembahasan mengenai masalah merokok di kalangan remaja.  

The increasing popularity of e-cigarettes has led to health problems, particularly EVALI. This study aims to analyze several factors that encourage the use of e-cigarettes (vape) and their impact. The analysis method used is a literature review and uses journals published in the last 5 years with Google Scholar, and PubMed as a database. The implementation time of the work began from March-April. Determinants of vape use, namely internal factors such as experience, attitude, and personality. External factors include modern lifestyle, friendship, family, and social class. Other disease impacts include cough, chest pain, dyspnea, nausea, gastrointestinal symptoms, fatigue, and fever. It is therefore desirable to increase individual awareness about the dangers of vaping.

Occupational safety and health training explains that increased knowledge and awareness of workers about potential workplace hazards can motivate them to comply with safety standards, including the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). This research aims to analyze the effect of occupational safety and health training on the behavior of using PPE by workers in the construction industry. This research is driven by the high number of work accidents that happen in the construction industry sector in Indonesia, where many workers are still reluctant to use PPE. The method used is a comprehensive literature review, with analysis of various relevant sources including academic journals and research reports as well as 3 electronic databases, namely Google Scholar, PubMed, and GARUDA. The findings of the study showed that workers who participated in occupational safety and health training showed increased knowledge and awareness of potential hazards in the workplace. Despite this, compliance rates are still low, especially among younger and less experienced workers. There is still no clear research data on reducing the accident rate in workers after this occupational safety and health training. This research confirms the need for strict supervision in the field to create a safer and healthier work environment. 

This study aims to identify and analyze the influence of knowledge and awareness on motorcycle riders' safety behavior (safety riding), particularly among online motorcycle taxi drivers. In the context of increasing traffic accidents, understanding the factors influencing riders' compliance with safety regulations is crucial. This research employs a qualitative descriptive method and was conducted from January to April 2025. A total of 15 relevant articles published between 2020 and 2025 were systematically reviewed from credible databases such as Google Scholar, CORE, and ScienceDirect. The analysis reveals that compliance with road safety regulations is influenced by both internal and external factors. Internal factors include the rider’s knowledge level, safety attitudes, age, and riding experience. External factors consist of law enforcement supervision, access to safety training, availability of protective gear, and social support from family and peers. Among these, knowledge and attitude are identified as the most influential aspects affecting safety compliance. Therefore, a comprehensive approach is needed, including continuous education, regular training, and collective awareness-raising to foster a safe riding culture. This study contributes to a better understanding of behavioral aspects related to road safety and serves as a foundation for the development of behavior-based transportation safety strategies

The elderly are defined as individuals aged ≥65 years, increasing rapidly in the United States and are expected to reach 84 million by 2050. One of the main biological processes of systemic damage that contributes to the development of organ dysfunction in aging is immunosenescence (gradual decline in age-related protective immunity) and inflammation (chronic subclinical systemic inflammation). Cortisol, a steroid hormone, is synthesized from cholesterol. Cortisol release is under the control of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is released by the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus. Normal aging is associated with multiple endocrine changes, including those related to changes in the structure and function of the adrenal glands. A literature search was carried out using three main databases, namely ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and PubMed in journals covering the last ten years (2013-2023) using PRISMA guidelines. Based on the analysis of inclusion and exclusion criteria, there are 8 reference journals that match the research topic. The results of this study show that there is a dynamic regulation of cortisol in the elderly with an increase in cortisol levels in the elderly and these levels are higher in individuals with comorbidities. Based on the systematic review carried out in this study, it was concluded that there are changes in the dynamics of cortisol secretion in the elderly with a significant increase in secretion in certain groups of elderly which is related to the level of stress and comorbidities status.

Pediculosis is an infestation of lice on the body, head or genitals in humans that occurs throughout the world. Head lice infestation (Pediculosis capitis) affects 100 million people worldwide each year. Pediculosis capitis is more common in developing countries and affects school-aged children. This study was conducted to review and provide information regarding the prevalence and risk factors associated with pediculosis capitis in elementary school-aged children. This method of study uses systematic literature review and data searches through databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, Scopus, Springer, Taylor and Francis, Wiley Online Library which discusses the prevalence and risk factors for pediculosis capitis in elementary school-aged children. Eleven cross-sectional studies were included. The results showed that the prevalence of pediculosis capitis in elementary school children ranged from 0.58% to 65.7%, more in girls than boys and tended to be more frequent in the upper grades. In this study, the prevalence of pediculosis capitis was associated with long hair size, low educational level of parents, parents who did not work, large number of family members, and use of shared combs and rare frequency of combing hair during a day.

This study aims to analyze the causes of data duplication in companies, its impact on operational efficiency, and the solutions that can be implemented to prevent and address it. Using a qualitative method with a library research approach, this study examines various literature related to data management. The findings indicate that data duplication is caused by a lack of standardization, input errors, and weak integration systems. The recommended solutions include the implementation of database management technology, regular data audits, and strict data governance policies. With the right strategies, companies can enhance efficiency and ensure data accuracy in business decision-making.  

 The purpose of this study is to analyze the implementation of Database Management System (DBMS) in improving the operational efficiency of companies. This study uses a qualitative research method through a literature review, where various academic sources and literature are analyzed to identify the benefits, challenges, and impacts of DBMS implementation on operational efficiency. The results indicate that DBMS helps in structuring data management, enhancing data security, and accelerating decision-making processes. Future research is suggested to conduct empirical studies with a quantitative approach to measure the impact of DBMS implementation more specifically across various industrial sectors.

This study aims to identify and analyze the factors influencing compliance with the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) among construction workers through a literature review. Despite its importance, non-compliance with PPE usage remains a persistent issue. This research utilized a qualitative descriptive method and was conducted from January to April 2025. A total of 15 relevant articles published between 2020 and 2025 were reviewed. These articles were obtained from various reputable national and international databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. The analysis revealed two primary categories of factors affecting PPE compliance: internal and external. Among these, knowledge and attitude were found to be the most dominant contributors to PPE compliance. These findings suggest that improving PPE usage among construction workers requires a multifaceted approach. Recommended strategies include strengthening workers’ knowledge through continuous education, conducting regular safety training, ensuring the availability and ergonomic design of PPE, and fostering a safety-oriented workplace culture supported by active supervision and peer encouragement. The study contributes to the understanding of behavioral on PPE use and provides insight.

Vergence movement is an important mechanism in eye coordination to maintain visual focus. The neural pathways controlling vergence involve complex interactions between various brain structures, such as the mesencephalic nucleus of the oculomotor nerve (CN III), the abducens nucleus (CN VI), the reticular pontine formation (PRF), and the visual and motor cortices. Disorders in this system can lead to convergence insufficiency, esotropia, exotropia, as well as diplopia which impacts the quality of binocular vision. This study aims to conduct a systematic review of the neural pathways that play a role in the vergence system. This research design is a study that uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. 5 articles were obtained using a method of secondary analysis of literature review through scientific database portals such as SINTA, Scopus and Google Scholar published in 2015-2025 both national and international articles. The results of the analysis show that vergence disorders are common in children and the elderly, with various causes ranging from benign factors to more serious neurological conditions. Studies show that activities in the parietal eye field (PEF), frontal eye field (FEF), superior colliculus (SC), and PRF have important roles in vergence coordination. In addition, vergence deficits were also found in Parkinson's patients, who showed prolonged latency and reduced vergence gain. In the context of technology, research on virtual reality (VR) shows that vergence errors often occur when users interact with virtual environments, leading to visual fatigue and incorrect depth perception. This study also highlights that neurotransmitters such as GABA, glutamate, and dopamine have a role in the modulation of neural signals that control vergence. A deeper understanding of the neural pathways of vergence is crucial in ophthalmology and neurology, especially in the diagnosis and therapy of binocular vision disorders. In addition, research on vergence also contributes to the development of visual technologies, such as VR and eye tracking systems, that are more adaptive to human physiological characteristics.

This study examines trends in scientific publications on digitalization from 2014 to 2024 published in Scopus-indexed journals worldwide. Data were collected from the Scopus database on October 6, 2024, at 21:56 WIB using the keywords "Digitalization" and "Public Services." A total of 593 documents were found in various categories, including titles, abstracts, and keywords. To analyze these documents, the authors employed the VOSviewer program (version 1.6.17), which enables the visualization of relationships in research data. The search analysis on document results was used to complete the data collection process, followed by detailed data analysis. The research data was analyzed through infographic mapping, which visualized research developments and document mapping on various aspects such as affiliations, countries, subject areas, and types of publications. This analysis revealed significant correlations among studies focused on the digitalization of public services. The findings show that research on the digitalization of public services from 2014 to 2024 has consistently grown year after year, with 593 published documents discussing the issue across different countries. The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration emerged as the most active affiliation, publishing 14 documents on the topic. The Russian Federation ranked first in scientific publications, contributing 83 documents indexed by Scopus. In terms of subject areas, the study highlighted the growing importance of digitalization in enhancing public services globally. The VOSviewer analysis revealed strong connections among studies in this field, further emphasizing the rising global focus on digitalization in public administration and governance. These trends reflect the growing significance of digital tools and technologies in improving the efficiency and accessibility of public services worldwide, signaling an ongoing and expanding area of academic and policy interest.

Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer in women worldwide, with approximately 2.3 million new cases or 11.7% of all cancer cases. Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER-2) is one of the important therapeutic targets in breast cancer that is overexpressed in 15-25% of cases. Conventional cancer treatments such as chemotherapy often cause adverse side effects, so safer alternative therapies are needed. This study aims to assess the potential of active compounds from medicinal plants as HER-2 inhibitors through a molecular docking approach. The literature review method was used by analysing related research articles in the last five years obtained from PubMed and Google Scholar databases. The results showed that several active compounds have high potential as HER-2 inhibitors, including beta cystosterol from guava leaves (Psidium guajava L.) with a binding energy value of -12.3 kcal/mol, vitexin from dandang gendis (Clinacanthus nutans L.) with a value of -9.3 kcal/mol, and isovitexin from basil mekah (Ocimum gratissimum) with a value of -9.11 kcal/mol. These findings provide a basis for further development of natural active compounds as potential breast anticancer drug candidates with minimal side effects.

This study aims to analyze the causes of data duplication in companies, its impact on operational efficiency, and the solutions that can be implemented to prevent and address it. Using a qualitative method with a library research approach, this study examines various literature related to data management. The findings indicate that data duplication is caused by a lack of standardization, input errors, and weak integration systems. The recommended solutions include the implementation of database management technology, regular data audits, and strict data governance policies. With the right strategies, companies can enhance efficiency and ensure data accuracy in business decision-making.