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The digital era continues to evolve and bring innovation and change to various industries. Through digital transformation and strategies needed to overcome obstacles in the digital era, organizations can adapt and change. To achieve their goals, MSMEs must implement efficient marketing techniques in their operations. This community service method uses the PAR (Participatory Action Research) technique. This is in line with the conditions of the partner, Dwikora Village, which has human resources that are well known to both village officials and residents. The results found that due to a lack of understanding of digital marketing communication management procedures, they were unfamiliar with digital marketing techniques, different social media platforms, or how to measure their effectiveness. The Community Service Team conveyed their understanding of the importance of digital marketing communication in improving the knowledge and skills of residents as an effort to improve their marketing communication skills. This was because many residents, especially mothers, did not understand how to use digital marketing to promote their MSMEs. The team formed a content creation team or digital marketing communication managers, socialized the value of digital marketing communication to the sub-district residents in improving their knowledge and skills, and implemented a digital marketing communication message management strategy on Instagram. After these activities, partners can create interesting and relevant content that suits the interests of the target audience in Dwikora Village, namely its residents.

Household waste management remains a major challenge in rural areas, including Sunggumanai Village, Pattallassang District, Gowa Regency. Low public awareness and the absence of a structured community-based waste management system have negatively affected environmental quality and public health. This community service activity aimed to enhance community knowledge, awareness, and participation through the socialization of community-based waste management toward a clean and healthy environment. The activity was conducted on September 27, 2025, involving 30 participants consisting of community representatives, housewives, youth, and community leaders. The methods applied included educational socialization, participatory discussions, and waste segregation simulations based on the 3R principles (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle). The results indicated an improvement in participants’ understanding of waste types, the environmental and health impacts of improper waste management, and the importance of collective waste management practices. Participants also demonstrated positive attitudes and readiness to implement household waste segregation, as well as emerging ideas for establishing community-based waste management initiatives. In conclusion, this activity proved to be an effective initial step in promoting behavioral change toward sustainable waste management and supporting the creation of a clean and healthy village environment.

This community service activity was carried out to enhance the managerial capacity and digital competence of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Sunggu Manai Village, Patalassang District, Gowa Regency. In the digital economy era, MSME actors must adapt to technological changes and manage their businesses professionally to remain competitive. The activity employed a participatory and applicative approach involving training in business management, digital marketing, and application-based financial recording. The results showed a significant increase in participants’ knowledge and skills, particularly in business planning, financial management, and the use of social media and online marketplaces for product promotion. About 80% of participants successfully created digital business accounts and started marketing their products online. The program also fostered awareness of the importance of digital transformation and collaboration among MSME actors. Therefore, integrating managerial capacity building with business digitalization proved effective in enhancing the competitiveness and sustainability of MSMEs in rural areas.

Current human activities are the cause of the accumulation of waste. Waste generated from community activities can come from households, agriculture, offices, industry, and so on. Based on previous research, waste that is not properly handled will cause environmental damage, produce odors, and risk the spread of diseases that are agents or sources of infection that cause stunting in children. The purpose of this community service is to provide education on waste management to prevent cases of stunting in children. The methods used in the educational activities are lectures and question and answer sessions. Composting training is conducted using a practical method. Educational media used leaflets and composting practice materials using household waste leftovers from the community service targets. The target community service was 20 housewives in the Caturharjo area. The results obtained are that the education and practice were implemented well and smoothly. The community provided a positive response to the material provided in the form of questions and answers after the educational material. There was a change in composting skills among the community members. The conclusion of this community service activity was an increase in knowledge and skills in processing household waste into composter.

Loss and grief are psychological experiences that significantly affect an individual’s mental state. This process involves various emotional, cognitive, and behavioral changes that can affect a person’s well-being in the long term. This study aims to describe the emotional, cognitive, and behavioral affects that arise in individuals after experiencing loss, as well as the factors that strengthen or weaken their responses to the grieving process. The method used in this study is qualitative, with a literature review approach from various relevant clinical psychology and mental health studies. The results indicate that individuals who experience loss are vulnerable to increased emotional stress, anxiety, depression, and significant declines in social functioning. Furthermore, this article highlights that the quality of social support received, the way individuals make meaning of the loss, and the coping mechanisms they choose play a crucial role in determining the level of grief response. These factors can either accelerate or delay the healing process. An unresolved grieving process or one that is handled in an unhealthy manner can develop into more serious psychological disorders, such as Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD). PGD is a condition characterized by difficulty in accepting the loss, which can persist for months or even years. This article emphasizes that loss is not merely an emotional disturbance but also a complex psychological process. This process requires a deep understanding, strong social support, and appropriate interventions to maintain an individual’s mental health and help them recover more effectively.

The development of digital technology and the Industrial Revolution 4.0 have driven significant changes in marketing activities, including for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). The use of e-commerce has become an important digital marketing strategy for MSMEs to increase competitiveness and business revenue. This study aims to examine the role of e-commerce implementation as a digital marketing tool for MSMEs in facing the Industrial Revolution 4.0 and analyze its impact on increasing MSME revenue and competitive advantage. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection techniques through literature studies of various literature sources such as books, scientific journals, and online publications relevant to the research topic. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of e-commerce has a positive impact on MSMEs, including expanding market reach, increasing marketing efficiency, and driving increased business revenue. In addition, e-commerce also plays a role in increasing MSME competitive advantage through product innovation, improving service quality, and strengthening relationships with consumers. However, the implementation of e-commerce in MSMEs still faces several challenges, such as low digital literacy, limited human resources, and minimal technical assistance. Therefore, ongoing support from various parties is needed so that the use of e-commerce by MSMEs can run optimally and sustainably in the digital era.

This study aims to examine the activity of ginger (Zingiber officinale) on metabolism and digestion through a laboratory experimental approach. Metabolism and the digestive system play a crucial role in maintaining physiological balance, and disturbances in these systems can affect nutrient utilization and overall health. Ginger has long been used as a traditional herbal remedy and is known to contain bioactive compounds such as gingerol, shogaol, and zingerone, which are believed to support digestive and metabolic functions. The research was conducted using ginger extract prepared through an extraction process under controlled laboratory conditions. Observations focused on changes in metabolic responses and digestive activity following the administration of ginger extract. The study employed a descriptive experimental design to provide an objective overview of ginger’s biological activity. The results indicated a gradual improvement in digestive activity and metabolic responses after treatment with ginger extract. These changes suggest that ginger extract has the potential to enhance digestive efficiency and support metabolic processes. The findings provide scientific support for the traditional use of ginger as a natural ingredient in maintaining metabolic and digestive health and may serve as a preliminary reference for further research using quantitative and clinical approaches.

Abstract. The rapid growth of social media has significantly changed communication patterns, self-expression, and employment opportunities, especially among younger generations. However, among vocational high school students, social media use is still largely focused on entertainment and has not been optimally utilized for skill development, personal branding, or economically productive activities. Addressing this issue, a community service program was conducted to enhance the knowledge, understanding, and practical skills of students at SMK YBPK Pare in creating creative, structured, and relevant social media content in line with the demands of the digital era in 2024. The program was implemented through the delivery of conceptual materials on social media fundamentals, content planning strategies, and effective content creation techniques. These materials were strengthened through interactive discussions and hands-on practice using smartphones and accessible editing applications. The participants included 40 students from grades X, XI, and XII, representing Generation Z with high social media usage intensity. The results showed improved student understanding of the purpose of social media, basic digital content concepts, and communicative content creation techniques. Students were able to produce simple promotional content to support school branding. In addition to technical skills, the program increased awareness of social media as a tool for self-development, digital literacy, and future employment or entrepreneurial opportunities, thereby contributing positively to students’ digital competencies and work readiness.

Syiir is a series of beautiful and refined words composed through linguistic strength and rich imaginative expression. In the context of Islamic da’wah, syiir has long been used as one of the media or approaches by preachers (da’i) to convey religious messages to the community in a persuasive manner that touches emotional aspects. Explicitly, syiir has the ability to stimulate feelings, develop inner awareness, and instill moral and spiritual values, as reflected in various narratives and practices of earlier religious figures. This study, using an integrative–interconnective approach, aims to examine Madurese syiir composed by KH. Musfik Al-Karawi and broadcast through the amateur radio medium YG3AMP, with a focus on the level of community understanding and the resulting social impacts. The research employs a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon. The findings indicate that the Madurese syiir by KH. Musfik Al-Karawi provides a good level of understanding for the community and generates various positive social impacts. One of the most significant impacts is the transformation of community behavior, reflected in changes from unfavorable attitudes to better ones, and from good behavior to even better conduct in daily life.

Misconceptions are understandings that do not conform to scientifically accepted concepts, but are believed to be true by students. Misconceptions in elementary school students tend to be resistant and difficult to change if not identified early. This study aims to analyze the misconceptions of sixth grade elementary school students on the material of the human movement system. This material is often considered complex because it involves the relationship between bones, joints, muscles, and the health of the movement system. The type of research used is quantitative with a survey design. The research subjects consisted of 19 sixth grade students of SD Negeri Growong Kidul 02 who were selected through a total sampling technique. The research instrument was 10 diagnostic test items in a four-tier format (four levels) which included the level of answer, answer confidence, reasons, and reason confidence. The results showed that students' conceptual understanding was divided into three main categories: Concept Understanding (PK) of 48.42%, Misconception (M) of 50.53%, and Lack of Understanding (KP) of 1.05%. These findings indicate that misconceptions outweigh students' conceptual understanding, particularly regarding the mechanisms of antagonistic and synergistic muscles, the function and types of joints, and the relationship between nutrition and bone health. The use of a four-tier diagnostic test proved effective in accurately distinguishing students with a true understanding from those with misconceptions. This study concludes the need for innovative learning strategies and the use of concrete media to minimize misconceptions so that students have a strong foundation of scientific knowledge for the next level of education.

Hospitalization often triggers anxiety in children because of unfamiliar environments, invasive procedures, and disruption of daily routines. Pediatric nurses are expected to implement atraumatic care through developmentally appropriate, non‑pharmacological interventions. This community service program aimed to strengthen nurses’ and families’ skills in delivering puzzle‑based play therapy and to evaluate short‑term changes in children’s anxiety responses in the pediatric ward of Awal Bros Hospital, Batam. The program was conducted in December 2025 using an action-based approach: coordination with the ward team, preparation of graded puzzle sets and education media, bedside education for parents, and supervised play sessions. Four hospitalized children with different diagnoses (chemotherapy, childhood‑onset lupus erythematosus, febrile illness, and stoma care) participated. Anxiety was assessed before and after the session using an observation sheet and a faces anxiety scale adapted for clinical use. After a 20–30 minute session adjusted to the child’s developmental stage, all participants demonstrated lower anxiety scores and better cooperative behaviors. Caregivers also reported increased understanding of play therapy as part of holistic nursing care. Puzzle play therapy is feasible, low‑cost, and can be integrated into routine pediatric nursing to support coping during hospitalization.

This community service program aims to enhance the knowledge and skills of the community in Pulau Akar, Setokok Village, Batam City, in utilizing Family Medicinal Plants (TOGA) for optimizing health based on traditional methods. The program was carried out through training involving housewives, community leaders, and local health cadres. The methods used include an initial survey, practical training on types of medicinal plants, their benefits, processing methods, and the distribution of TOGA seedlings to be planted at participants' homes. Additionally, group discussions were held to reinforce understanding and organize TOGA utilization within the community. The results of this program showed a significant increase in participants' understanding and skills regarding the use of TOGA for treating minor ailments and disease prevention. The community began planting TOGA around their homes, creating herbal gardens that can be used as a source of natural medicine. Furthermore, the emergence of local leaders actively disseminating knowledge about TOGA was an important outcome of this service. Social change was also evident as the community became more aware of the importance of managing health independently using local resources. It is hoped that this program will continue with regular training and the strengthening of TOGA utilization groups to ensure the sustainability of this program in the future.

Community Service Program (KKN) is an implementation of the Tridharma of Higher Education aimed at dedicating knowledge and technology to society. This article analyzes the implementation of the KKN program by students of Universitas Trunodjoyo Madura Group 30 in Buddagan Village, Pademawu District, Pamekasan Regency, focusing on community empowerment through aspects of environment, education, entrepreneurship, and village digitalization. The activities were carried out using a participatory approach with observation techniques, interviews, and discussions with the community and village stakeholders. The flagship programs include the socialization of used cooking oil for making aromatherapy candles, installation of environmental education plaques, anti-bullying socialization at SDN Buddagan 2, and the creation of the official social media for Buddagan Village. The results show an increase in community awareness, especially among PKK mothers, regarding the health and environmental dangers of used cooking oil and the potential for a creative economy based on domestic waste. The anti-bullying program successfully instilled empathy and mutual respect values in students, while the village digitalization strengthened public access to information and a positive village image. The KKN program in Buddagan Village has had a positive impact on social behavior changes in the community and serves as a model for sustainable community service.

Developments in information technology have had a significant impact on business communication and negotiation processes in various industrial sectors. Technological advances such as email, video conferencing, instant messaging applications, cloud-based information systems, and other digital media have created new, faster, more efficient, and more documented communication models. This study uses a descriptive approach based on a literature review to analyze how information technology is transforming interaction patterns, strategies, and negotiation processes in the modern business environment. The results indicate that information technology plays a strategic role in increasing the effectiveness of business communication and accelerating the negotiation process. Advantages such as cost savings, time flexibility, global access, and automated documentation are the main reasons for the increasing use of digital media in the business world. However, digital negotiation also presents challenges such as the loss of non-verbal context, the risk of miscommunication, data security issues, and limitations in interpersonal relationships. The conclusion of this study confirms that successful negotiations in the digital era are greatly influenced by interpersonal communication skills, digital literacy, appropriate media selection, and the implementation of negotiation strategies that adapt to technological changes.

Inflammation is a biological response that occurs as a defense mechanism of the body against tissue damage, infection, or exposure to harmful stimuli. Excessive or prolonged inflammation can lead to various chronic diseases and negatively affect overall health. Natural compounds derived from medicinal plants have gained attention as alternative anti-inflammatory agents due to their relatively lower side effects compared to synthetic drugs. Jatropha curcas is a plant traditionally used in herbal medicine and is known to contain various bioactive compounds. This study aims to examine the effect of Jatropha curcas leaf extract on inflammatory responses. The research method used was an experimental laboratory approach with extract preparation through maceration techniques. The anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated based on changes in inflammatory indicators observed during the treatment process. The results showed that Jatropha curcas leaf extract demonstrated potential anti-inflammatory activity, which was indicated by a reduction in inflammatory signs. The presence of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, tannins, and saponins is suspected to contribute to this effect. These findings suggest that Jatropha curcas leaf extract has promising potential as a natural anti-inflammatory agent. Further research is recommended to explore dosage optimization and toxicity levels for safe therapeutic use.  

The Ciliwung River Basin is a strategic watershed with significant ecological, social, and economic functions, yet it is increasingly threatened by land use change, rapid urbanization, and water pollution, particularly in the Jakarta metropolitan area. This study aims to assess the water quality condition of the Ciliwung River based on real time monitoring data from the ONLIMO system and to examine spatial and temporal variations in water quality status along the middle and downstream segments. A descriptive quantitative approach was applied using secondary data obtained from three ONLIMO monitoring stations, namely Masjid Istiqlal, Pintu Air Manggarai, and Kelapa Dua Srengseng Sawah, during the period of 6–12 May 2025. The analyzed parameters included temperature, dissolved oxygen, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, nitrate, ammonia, and other relevant physicochemical indicators. The results indicate that the water quality of the Ciliwung River generally falls within lightly to moderately polluted categories, with higher pollution levels observed in the middle segment of the river. Critical parameters influencing pollution status include Biochemical Oxygen Demand, nitrate, ammonia, and consistently low dissolved oxygen levels. These findings demonstrate that pollution in the Ciliwung River is persistent and cumulative, highlighting the urgency of integrated watershed management, strengthening real time water quality monitoring, and enhancing cross sector collaboration to support effective pollution control and sustainable river restoration.

One effort to enhance students’ engagement, learning interest, and conceptual understanding in Natural Science learning at the elementary school level is through the use of interactive learning media that are aligned with learners’ characteristics. Interactive learning media are considered capable of creating a more active and meaningful learning environment. This study aims to evaluate the use of ClassPoint as an interactive learning medium based on live quizzes on the topic of Energy and Its Transformations for fifth-grade elementary school students. The research method employed is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) by examining various relevant and credible scientific articles obtained from the Google Scholar, Garuda, and Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) databases. The findings indicate that the use of ClassPoint in science learning can significantly increase students’ participation, activeness during the learning process, and learning motivation. In addition, students’ responses to the use of ClassPoint generally show positive attitudes, as learning is perceived to be more engaging, interactive, enjoyable, and easier to understand. However, the successful implementation of ClassPoint in elementary school science learning requires adequate facilities and infrastructure as well as teacher training. The challenges encountered include limitations in technological infrastructure, the readiness of supporting devices, and teachers’ ability to effectively optimize the features of learning media.

Degenerative diseases are a major cause of morbidity in the elderly and continue to increase with age, lifestyle changes, and a lack of public awareness of the need for regular health check-ups. This community service activity aims to increase understanding and early detection of non-communicable diseases in people aged 30 years and older, particularly the elderly in the Appassarenge neighborhood, Bentenge Village, Ujung Bulu District, Bulukumba Regency. The activity methods included group exercise, blood pressure checks, blood sugar checks, health counseling, and referrals for participants with test results above normal limits. Data were analyzed descriptively to determine the proportion of participants with high blood pressure and blood sugar levels. The results showed that the majority of respondents had hypertension (70.97% of 31 participants), while 55.88% of 34 participants had high blood sugar levels. These findings indicate a high risk of non-communicable diseases in the elderly population related to diet, lack of physical activity, and a lack of regular health check-ups. This activity received a positive response because it provided easy access to health services and raised public awareness of the importance of early detection and adopting a healthy lifestyle. Overall, this community service activity contributed to increasing the elderly's knowledge and awareness of health, as well as supporting promotive and preventive efforts in preventing degenerative diseases.

The increasing consumption of packaged food products in Indonesia reflects modern lifestyle changes but simultaneously raises public health concerns related to high calorie, sugar, and fat intake. Nutritional information presented on food labels consists of multiple interrelated variables, making it difficult to identify dominant nutritional factors that characterize packaged food products. This study aims to apply Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to reduce the dimensionality of nutritional data and to map the nutritional characteristics of packaged food products in Indonesia. The research employs a quantitative exploratory approach using secondary data obtained from nutrition facts labels of 1,651 packaged food products. Seven nutritional variables were initially analyzed, namely total energy, protein, total fat, total carbohydrates, sugar, sodium, and dietary fiber. Data preprocessing included data cleaning, Z-score standardization, and iterative variable selection based on the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure and Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity to ensure sampling adequacy and sufficient correlation among variables. Variables with low sampling adequacy and perfect multicollinearity were eliminated, resulting in five variables retained for the final PCA model. Principal components were extracted using the eigenvalue greater than one criterion and confirmed through a scree plot, followed by Varimax rotation to enhance interpretability. The results indicate the formation of two principal components explaining approximately 69.7% of the total variance. The first component represents energy density and macronutrient richness, while the second component reflects carbohydrate-related characteristics, particularly the contrasting pattern between sugar and dietary fiber. Biplot visualization further illustrates product distribution based on these components. The findings demonstrate that PCA effectively simplifies complex nutritional information and provides a clear nutritional mapping of packaged food products, offering practical insights for consumers, producers, and policymakers in supporting healthier food choices in Indonesia.

Premarital sexual behavior in adolescents is a public health issue influenced by various individual, social, and environmental factors. Changes in social norms, technological advancements, and limited reproductive health knowledge make adolescents a group vulnerable to risky sexual behavior. This study aims to examine the factors influencing premarital sexual behavior among adolescents based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) approach. The method used is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), review national and international scientific articles published between 2013 and 2025. Data sources were abtained from Google Scholar and ScienceDirect, with inclusion criteria including articles in Indonesia and English, open access, full text, and relevant to HBM components. The study result indicate that factors such as perceived barriers, self-efficacy, and the quality of information play an important role in shaping adolescent sexual behavior. Low knowledge and limited perception oh the negative impacts of premarital sex increase the risk of engaging in risky sexual behavior. In addition, health promotion interventions based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) have been proven effective in improving knowledge, attitudes, and preventive behaviors regarding premarital sex among adolescents. Therefore, the HBM approach is recommended as a basis for developing comprehensive and sustainable adolescent reproductive health education and promotion programs.