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This study discusses the legal reconstruction of the authority of the Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia (ORI) after the Constitutional Court (MK) Decision Number 62/PUU-VIII/2010, with a focus on advocacy based on pseudo/quasi principles. The Ombudsman, as an independent state institution, plays a role in supervising the implementation of public services to prevent and deal with maladministration. However, the existence of Article 43 of Law Number 37 of 2008 concerning the Ombudsman and the Constitutional Court's decision creates the potential for norm inharmonization that has an impact on the implementation of the Ombudsman's duties. This study analyzes two main things: legal certainty on the authority of the Ombudsman after the Constitutional Court's decision and legal reconstruction to strengthen the supervisory function of public services. The results show that the pseudo/quasi principle allows the Ombudsman to carry out an advocacy function similar to the judiciary, but without full executive power such as the judiciary. Legal certainty is needed to ensure that the Ombudsman's actions remain within the limits of the authority regulated by law. Legal reconstruction is suggested to provide stronger legitimacy to the Ombudsman's authority, including strengthening the recommendation aspect to be more binding and implementive. This reconstruction also includes increasing institutional capacity, coordination between agencies, and strengthening regulations that support supervisory functions that are more responsive to the needs of the community. Thus, this research contributes to the development of public service law, especially related to the role of the Ombudsman in realizing transparent, accountable, and fair services.

Hydrocephalus increases cerebrospinal fluid due to either excessive production or impaired absorption, often accompanied by increased intracranial pressure. In Indonesia, hydrocephalus affects 10 out of every 1,000 newborns annually. In adolescents and adults, toxoplasmosis is the most common cause. Among infant cases, 46% result from brain development abnormalities, 50% from subarachnoid hemorrhage and meningitis, and less than 4% from posterior fossa tumors. Central Java reports the highest rate of toxoplasmosis at 10%. Common signs and symptoms of hydrocephalus include increased cerebrospinal fluid, seizures, irritability, headaches, vision problems, and head enlargement. To improve reduced intracranial adaptive capacity caused by cerebrospinal fluid obstruction, nurses can apply a 30° head-up therapy. This intervention helps lower intracranial pressure and improve brain oxygenation. the effectiveness of 30° head-up positioning in addressing decreased intracranial adaptive capacity in post-VP shunting hydrocephalus patients. The nursing intervention was implemented on Mrs. S using the 30° head-up position. As a result, the patient reported reduced headache, and her blood pressure decreased to 135/90 mmHg.

The role of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) is very significant for the growth of Indonesia’s economy, accounting for 99% of all business units. The development of MSMEs in Blitar Regency has experienced significant growth in terms of both the number of entrepreneurs and revenue. The objectives of this research are (1) to identify and analyze the potential of the creative economy in the development of MSMEs in Blitar Regency, (2) to formulate appropriate strategies to enhance the competitiveness and growth of MSMEs in the creative economy sector in Blitar Regency. The approach used in this research is a phenomenological qualitative approach. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation and structured interviews conducted with key informants of this study, such as MSMEs actors, local government officials from the Department of Industry and Trade, and the Cooperative Office. The data analysis technique was conducted using data triangulation with the following steps: data collection, data analysis, conclusion, and data validation. The research results show that the creative economy model used by the local government in developing MSMEs in Blitar Regency includes the utilization of ideas and creativity, strengthening MSMEs through digitalization, business mentoring, development of superior products, and connection with the people's economy. The challenges in the development of MSMEs include increasingly tight market competition both online and offline; limited access to capital; limited access to digital technology; lack of understanding of business management; limited product innovation; ineffective marketing; and business legality. The strategies implemented include enhancing digital marketing, improving product and service quality, strengthening business capital, increasing capacity and skills, utilizing technology, promoting and marketing products, and strengthening institutions and governance.

Th Advances in information technology have had a significant impact on various aspects of life, including organizational operations. The Mobile Attendance Application (K-Mob) is one implementation of information technology designed to simplify the process of recording attendance in real-time. However, this application is vulnerable to risks that can hamper operations, such as hacking, system failures, and data security issues. This study aims to identify, analyze, and evaluate risks that may affect K-Mob's performance using the ISO 31000 framework. The analysis process is carried out through communication with stakeholders, risk identification, and risk evaluation based on the frequency of occurrence and impact. The results show that significant risks faced include hardware damage, server disruptions, and data misuse. Risk management is carried out through mitigation strategies, such as system updates, infrastructure strengthening, and increasing human resource capacity. With this approach, risks can be minimized, ensuring the sustainability of K-Mob's operations, and improving system reliability. This study recommends regular risk evaluation and the development of adaptive strategies to address evolving threats. The implementation of ISO 31000 has been proven to provide effective guidance in information technology risk management.is.

This community service program focuses on empowering the local community of Kertosari Village, Purwosari District, Pasuruan Regency, through creative batik-making based on local wisdom. This activity aims to support the development of sustainable ecotourism and enhance the competitiveness of tourist destinations in the global era. Tourism, as defined in Indonesian Law No. 10 of 2009, includes activities aimed at recreation, self-development, and exploration of local attractions. Kertosari Village, recipient of the 2019 Indonesia Sustainable Tourism Award, has strong potential as an ecotourism village with unique natural and cultural assets. Through training and capacity-building, this program seeks to equip local residents with batik-making skills that can serve as cultural products for tourism promotion. Funded by Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya and supported by community partners, this initiative includes training sessions, seminars, and publications in SINTA-accredited journals and digital platforms. The expected outcomes are increased community participation in tourism, enhanced creative skills, and economic empowerment. Ultimately, this program aims to strengthen the identity of Kertosari Village as a sustainable tourist destination, while preserving local cultural heritage through batik.  

This study aims to identify the phonological differences shown by two three-year-old boys, namely Galfin Yasasi Habbika and Muhammad Arkhan Al Hafiz with different family backgrounds in Pangalengan, Bandung, and it analyzed the environmental factors and parental roles that contribute to variations in their phonological acquisition. This Study uses descriptive qualitative method with the data were conducted through video documentation of natural interactions and interviews with the parents of both children. The data collected were 18 utterances from each child which were then analyzed based on phonological aspects to identify error patterns, compensation strategies, and articulation skills. The findings showed that the two children has different phonological development patterns with Galfin showing more conservative phonological strategy by maintaining the original word structure, and people interaction environment from digital medias showing good phonological awarenees in Indonesian language development. While Arkhan showed more active phonological reconstruction by transforming difficult words into more easly produced form with a family environment that often made direct correction to Arkhan’s phonological errors which more stable and consistent phonological structure. Their phonological development was also successfully achieve through a variety of consistent support strategies that were responsive to the child’s emotional state and learning style. The result of this study support Chomsky’s Language Acquisition Device theory, in which both children demonstrated an innate capacity for language learning while showing how environmental triggers activated and shaped this biological predisposition because the children's ability to produce complex phonological structures without explicit instruction supports the nativist perspective on language acquisition.          

The role of the principal in educational management has undergone significant changes in line with the dynamics of 21st-century needs. Demands for improved learning quality have led to the emergence of a new paradigm that positions the principal not merely as an administrative leader but as a learning leader capable of facilitating a culture of continuous learning within the school environment. This study aims to reflect on and reformulate the principal's strategic role through the integration of two leadership approaches: instructional leadership, which emphasizes strengthening the learning process, and transformational leadership, which focuses on vision, motivation, and empowerment of all school members. The method used is a literature review of 26 national and international scientific articles published in the last ten years. The results of the study indicate that the synthesis of these two leadership models strengthens the principal's capacity to create a collaborative, adaptive school climate oriented toward continuous improvement of educational quality. This research is expected to serve as a conceptual foundation for future school leadership development policies and practices.

Physiological quality deterioration during storage is a major factor contributing to the reduced germination capacity of rice seeds. Revitalization treatments are therefore essential to restore seed viability and promote optimal seedling development. One promising approach involves the application of plant growth regulators (PGRs) from the polyamine group, such as putrescine. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of varying concentrations and soaking durations of putrescine in improving the viability of deteriorated rice seeds. The experiment was conducted using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two factors: putrescine concentrations (0 ppm/ soaking in distilled water only, putrescine 15 ppm, putrescine 20 ppm, and putrescine 25 ppm) and soaking durations (3, 6, and 9 hours). The parameters evaluated included germination percentage and germination rate. Results indicated that treatment with 20 ppm putrescine combined with a 6-hour soaking period yielded the most significant improvement in seed viability. These findings suggest that putrescine treatment can effectively restore the physiological quality of rice seeds affected by storage-induced deterioration.

Public speaking training serves as an effective step in enhancing the capacity of rural youth in facing the challenges of globalization and the Industrial Revolution 4.0 era. This study aims to empower the youth of Hutanamora Village through public speaking skills training as part of a community service program. The method applied uses a participatory approach involving 15 participants aged between 15 and 18 years. The results of the activity show a significant improvement in self-confidence, the ability to organize ideas, as well as verbal and nonverbal communication skills. In addition to technical improvements, the training also fostered critical awareness, reflective abilities, and stronger self-assurance when engaging with an audience. The implementation of this activity demonstrates that public speaking training is not only a practical learning tool but also a means of social empowerment and character development for the younger generation. Therefore, such training is recommended to be carried out continuously as part of youth development programs in rural areas.

Small-scale Hydropower Plants (HPP) are an effective renewable energy alternative to meet electricity needs in remote areas. This study aims to develop and test a small-scale HPP model using a 24-volt DC generator as the main component. The development process involves analyzing water flow rates, head height, and the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy. The 24-volt DC generator was chosen due to its availability, high efficiency, and ease of integration with energy storage systems.This small-scale HPP model is expected to provide a reliable electricity solution for households or small communities, particularly in areas not yet connected to conventional power grids. This study also paves the way for further development, especially in optimizing design and utilizing more efficient components. With a generator capacity of 24 volts, the voltage produced will tend to be stable compared to a generator with a capacity of 12 volts. So that this study is able to provide an accurate impact given by the water discharge that drives the.

Community service activities to enhance the organizational capacity of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) in supporting local economic development through business management and digital marketing training in Serang Village, Cikarang Selatan Subdistrict. The method used was a participatory approach with a descriptive qualitative approach, aimed at encouraging active involvement of BUMDes managers and village communities in every stage of the activity. Data collection techniques included field observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation, with a focus on changes in BUMDes organizational capacity before and after the intervention. The results showed that BUMDes faced structural, technical, and institutional weaknesses, such as an unsystematic organizational structure, weak leadership, lack of business plans, and low adoption of digital technology. After the training, there was a significant improvement in organizational structure, strategic planning, financial accountability, and the use of digital platforms for marketing. The activity also succeeded in fostering a more participatory and innovative organizational culture and expanding strategic partnership networks. This transformation had a direct impact on improving the economic performance of BUMDes and community participation, making BUMDes a facilitator of inclusive local economic collaboration. These findings indicate that an integrated training approach is an effective strategic model for strengthening village economic institutions sustainably.

Oil palm development in Indonesia faces various agronomic constraints, especially related to soil chemical properties that are less supportive of productivity. This study aims to identify the status of soil chemical properties on oil palm land in Saliki Village, Muara Badak District, East Kalimantan, to support more appropriate land management. The research was conducted from September to November 2024 using a purposive random sampling method on 13 hectares of land, with six sampling center points and four subsamples per point. Laboratory analysis was conducted on soil pH, C-organic content, total N, available P, potential K, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and base saturation. The results showed that the soil in the 6-year-old oil palm land had a pH of 3.63-3.93 and base saturation of 13.69-13.81%, while at the age of 15 years, the pH decreased to 3.12-3.38 and base saturation was only 4.62-6.95%. Meanwhile, available P and potential K levels tended to increase with increasing plant age. Based on these findings, fertilization is recommended according to the IOPRI standard for mineral soils as follows: for 6 years old, urea 2.75 kg/year, TSP 1.75 kg/year, and KCl 2.75 kg/year, while for 11 and 15 years old, urea 3.25 kg/year, TSP 2 kg/year, and KCl 3 kg/year. This study emphasizes the importance of periodic monitoring of soil chemical properties as a basis for sustainable management of oil palm plantations.

Inclusive empowerment is a village development approach that emphasizes the active involvement of vulnerable groups—such as women, the elderly, people with disabilities , and the poor—in all stages of planning through to evaluation. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the Village-Owned Enterprises ( BUMDes ) program in Daha Utara District, South Kalimantan, in ensuring participation and accessibility for these groups. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through interviews with BUMDes managers and representatives of vulnerable groups. The evaluation was conducted based on William N. Dunn's six policy indicators: effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, fairness, responsiveness , and accuracy. The results show that the BUMDes program has had a limited positive impact on increasing the income of vulnerable groups, but their involvement is still limited, both in terms of participation and physical access. The main challenges include the lack of disability- friendly infrastructure , minimal capacity training, and community resistance due to low program transparency. On the other hand, local cultural support such as mutual cooperation, involvement of traditional leaders, and partnerships with the village government are important supporting factors. This study recommends increasing human resource capacity, strengthening inclusive infrastructure, socialization based on local wisdom, and adaptive digitalization to expand access. With strategic intervention, BUMDes is expected to be able to transform into a driving force for fair, participatory and sustainable village development.

The mentoring activity for preparing regional development planning documents at Bapperida Bangkalan Regency is part of a community service program aimed at improving the effectiveness of public administration. During the program, students were directly involved in collecting and processing data, analyzing program performance indicators, and assisting in drafting and evaluating planning documents such as the RKPD, RPJMD, and RPD. This activity also supported the budgeting process, program consistency assessment, and public service performance measurement through the Community Satisfaction Survey (SKM). The results of the mentoring program show that collaboration between academia and local government can improve work efficiency, the quality of planning documents, and the capacity of civil servants in developing data-driven policies. This activity not only benefited the institution but also served as a real-world learning experience for students in understanding public administration practices at the regional level.

This study aims to analyze the role of information technology in improving the effectiveness of public administration in Indonesia. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this research highlights how technology supports administrative simplification, transparency, and responsiveness to public needs. The study finds that national platforms such as SP4N-LAPOR!, OSS-RBA, and SIPD have contributed to reducing bureaucratic barriers and enhancing public service quality. However, challenges such as digital literacy gaps and infrastructure inequality persist, requiring continuous improvement strategies. The conclusion emphasizes that adaptive policies and human resource capacity development are key to maximizing the benefits of technology in public administration.

The development of digital technology has provided convenience in various aspects of life, but also presents new challenges in the form of cybercrime. One of the increasingly widespread modes in Indonesia is the spread of APK (Android Package Kit)-based malware via short messages offering fake job vacancies or fictitious package notifications. When the victim downloads and installs the application, the perpetrator gains access to personal data and banking accounts, which are then used for criminal acts. This phenomenon causes great financial and emotional losses for the community and tests the effectiveness of criminal law in dealing with technology-based cybercrime. This study uses a normative juridical approach with an analysis of laws and regulations, scientific literature, and actual case studies. The results of the study show that the perpetrators can be charged with Articles 30, 32, and 35 of the ITE Law, as well as provisions in the new Criminal Code. However, the implementation of law enforcement still faces challenges, such as digital evidence, limited investigator capacity, and minimal cross-country cooperation. Therefore, cyber law policy reform, increasing digital literacy in the community, and strengthening coordination between law enforcement agencies are needed.

This research is motivated by the existence of problems in the management of movable assets owned by Margajaya Village which are not yet optimal. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimization of movable asset management in Margajaya Village, Sukadana District, Ciamis Regency. The method used in this study is descriptive analysis. There are 6 informants. Data collection techniques are literature studies, field studies (observations and interviews) and documentation. The author uses qualitative data analysis techniques through processing data from interviews and observations to draw conclusions so that they can answer the problems in the study. Based on the results of the study, it is known that: Optimization of movable asset management in Margajaya Village has been implemented but has not been optimal in accordance with the principles of asset management, namely the functional principle, legal certainty, openness, efficiency, accountability, and certainty of value. This shows that the movable assets owned by the village have been used but have not been managed effectively to support the implementation of government duties and community services. There are several obstacles faced in the management of movable assets, including limited competent human resources, inadequate supporting facilities and infrastructure, lack of socialization and understanding of regulations, limited community participation in supervision, and budget constraints for asset maintenance and development. Efforts have been made by the Margajaya Village Government together with related parties to overcome these obstacles, including conducting training and increasing the capacity of village officials, implementing a digital-based asset management information system, socializing and assisting with asset management regulations, increasing transparency and community participation, and optimizing village budget management.

The implementation of blue economy policies in Tanjungpinang City, the capital of Riau Islands Province, aims to foster sustainable urban development by leveraging marine and coastal resources. This study explores the potential and opportunities of blue economy principles to enhance economic growth, social welfare, and environmental sustainability. Utilizing a qualitative approach, the research evaluates local government policy documents and collaborates with industry stakeholders to assess the impact of these policies. Findings reveal that Tanjungpinang’s strategic maritime location supports significant fishery production (118,661 tons in 2023) and tourism growth, creating jobs and reducing coastal poverty. Key programs include sustainable marine resource management, fishery processing industry development, human resource capacity building, market access optimization, eco-friendly infrastructure, and environmental policy enforcement. These initiatives promote ecological sustainability, economic value, and social inclusivity. However, challenges such as limited processing scales, resource continuity, and environmental pollution persist. The study underscores the need for coordinated governance, technological investment, and community participation to ensure long-term benefits. Tanjungpinang’s blue economy model offers a replicable framework for sustainable urban development in coastal regions.

The development of AI has fundamentally transformed the professional ecosystem, creating a series of contemporary challenges for Generation Z preparing to enter the work arena. This study focuses on the development of motion graphic storyboards as an educational instrument to enhance Generation Z's employability capabilities for the AI era. Implementing a hybrid research methodology, data collection was conducted through digital surveys and in-depth dialog with experts to explore perceptions on the implications of AI on employment and the strategic competencies needed to adapt. The research findings indicate that Generation Z shows substantial awareness of the urgency of skills upgrading and transfer, although there is still a lack of clarity in understanding the concrete consequences of AI on future employment prospects. The motion graphic design developed presents an adaptive approach through an engaging storyline, narrative visualization, and interactive character elements, with an emphasis on the concepts of T-Shaped Skills and Transferable Skills. The research concludes that professional readiness in the era of AI digitalization requires not only technological understanding, but also adaptive flexibility, creativity, and synergy between human capacity and digital systems. Motion graphics were identified as the optimal medium to convey knowledge and strengthen Generation Z's position in anticipating future professional dynamics.

Regulation plays an important role in the public sector as a legal foundation and reference in the implementation of governance. This article discusses regulation and its developments in the public sector of Indonesia, highlighting its functions, purposes, dynamics, and challenges in its implementation. Regulation aims to create legal certainty, enhance bureaucratic efficiency, protect public interests, and ensure the quality of public services. Over time, regulation has undergone significant changes, especially after the era of reform and digitalization, which has encouraged increased transparency through e-government and technology-based services. However, the implementation of regulations still faces obstacles such as overlapping rules, weak policy evaluation, and low public legal literacy. These challenges demand reforms that are not only normative, but also strengthen institutional capacity and public participation. Information technology is also an important tool to support adaptive and responsive regulations to the needs of the community. Through a literature review and policy analysis, this article concludes that sustainable regulatory reform is needed to support better, efficient, and public service-oriented governance that is fair and accountable.