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Minister of Health Regulation No. 269 of 2008 explains that medical records are defined as a collection of documents containing complete information regarding patient identity, examination results, therapy, medical procedures, and health services received. In working, an employee should be able to balance their workload to achieve work harmony that contributes to increased productivity. Job satisfaction reflects the appreciation and comfort felt by an individual for the tasks they perform. Conversely, dissatisfaction at work can trigger negative reactions in the form of aggressive behavior or a tendency to withdraw from social interactions around them. Job satisfaction also greatly influences employee motivation and commitment to continue working with enthusiasm and achieve the desired goals. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between workload and job satisfaction with employee performance in the Medical Records Installation of Cut Meutia Hospital, Lhokseumawe in 2023. The research method was an analytical survey with a cross-sectional approach. The study was conducted at Cut Meutia Hospital, Lhokseumawe from September to December 2023. The study population was 40 Medical Records Installation employees. The sampling technique used total sampling, namely 40 respondents. Data analysis used univariate analysis and bivariate analysis. The results of the study based on the chi-square test showed a relationship between workload and employee performance at the Medical Records Installation of Cut Meutia Hospital, Lhokseumawe with a p-value = 0.001 <0.05 and a relationship between job satisfaction and employee performance at the Medical Records Installation of Cut Meutia Hospital, Lhokseumawe with a p-value = 0.000 <0.05. Conclusion; The conclusion in the study is that there is a relationship between workload and job satisfaction with employee performance at the Medical Records Installation of Cut Meutia Hospital, Lhokseumawe in 2023.

This study focuses on the development of student character, particularly in terms of discipline and responsibility, at SMPN 1 Ngunut, an outstanding school in Tulungagung Regency. Seventh-grade students are in a transitional phase from elementary to junior high school, making them vulnerable to the influences of their environment and the changing times. Based on observations, many students have not yet demonstrated disciplined behavior, such as arriving on time, completing tasks, cheating during exams, and not paying attention to teachers while learning. This study aims to identify effective Social Studies (IPS) teaching strategies for shaping students' character. The research focuses on (1) the role of teachers as demonstrators in developing disciplined and responsible character through IPS learning, (2) effective strategies employed by teachers to cultivate discipline and responsibility in students, and (3) potential solutions to improve the quality of IPS learning in instilling discipline and responsibility. The method used is descriptive qualitative research with a case study approach. The findings show that (1) IPS learning in the seventh grade at SMPN 1 Ngunut is effective in instilling discipline and responsibility, (2) Teachers use teaching activities to instill values such as punctuality and task completion, (3) Through methods like group work, individual assignments, and behavioral evaluations, students show positive changes, (4) The role of teachers as facilitators and role models is crucial, (5) Collaboration between teachers and the principal creates a school culture that supports character development, and (6) The impact of this process is reflected in increased student awareness of their responsibilities. These findings highlight that IPS not only fosters cognitive knowledge but also serves as a strategic medium for continuous moral and character development.

The rapid development of information technology has triggered significant changes in communication patterns, including in da'wah activities. Amidst digital dominance and the rapid flow of information, a da'wah approach relevant to the communication characteristics of Gen Z is crucial. Gen Z is known for its fast, interactive communication style and preference for digital media. Therefore, this community service program is designed to introduce da'wah as an effective two-way communication process in addressing these dynamics. The main objective of this program is to improve digital da'wah literacy and foster motivation and practical skills in creatively conveying Islamic messages through social media platforms. This community service activity is carried out through a series of activities, including outreach, interactive discussions, and practical simulations for creating digital da'wah content. The outreach is intended to provide a basic understanding of da'wah in a digital context. Interactive discussions allow participants to share views and understand how da'wah can be carried out effectively in cyberspace. Meanwhile, the da'wah content creation practice provides participants with the opportunity to directly engage in creating da'wah messages that can be disseminated through social media. Evaluation of the activity is carried out through pre- and post-tests held before and after the program implementation. The analysis results showed an increase in participants' understanding of more than 35% across all tested indicators. The highest increase (56.3%) was recorded in their understanding of the importance of two-way communication in da'wah. Previously, many participants considered da'wah to be an activity limited to religious leaders. However, after participating in this program, they began to understand that da'wah is a task for every individual, and can be carried out through media closely related to their daily lives. Overall, this program succeeded in increasing knowledge, critical awareness, and enthusiasm for contextual da'wah among Gen Z.

Black sticky rice tapai is a traditional Indonesian fermented food that has long been consumed by the public for its distinctive taste and high cultural value. However, with the increasing demand for functional foods and natural-based products that can support health, attention for black sticky rice tapai has shifted from being simply a traditional food to an object of scientific study in the nutraceutical field. Black sticky rice, the basic ingredient for tapai, contains important bioactive compounds such as anthocyanins, flavonoids, B-complex vitamins, and soluble fiber, which have been shown to play a role in lowering cholesterol levels, inhibiting LDL cholesterol oxidation, and increasing HDL cholesterol levels in the blood. The fermentation process further enhances the biological activity of these compounds, making black sticky rice tapai have a higher therapeutic value than ordinary black sticky rice. The purpose of this study was to examine the potential of black sticky rice tapai as a natural, tradition-based solution for lowering cholesterol levels, while also supporting the development of local foods into modern health products that are safe, effective, and affordable. The study was conducted using a descriptive literature review method of various scientific articles, textbooks, and relevant research results that discuss the nutritional content of black sticky rice, the benefits of fermentation, and the effect of active components on lipid metabolism. The study results show that regular consumption of black glutinous rice tapai has the potential to lower total and LDL cholesterol levels and increase HDL through a combination of antioxidant effects, cholesterol binding by fiber, and increased fat excretion. In addition, the potential of black glutinous rice tapai as a nutraceutical is also relevant in supporting the preservation of local-based culture and food independence.

This study aims to explore students' perceptions of creating digital video projects as a tool for teaching and improving speaking abilities. A descriptive qualitative research design was applied, involving 50 students enrolled in the Intermediate English course during the second semester of the Machine Automotive Study Programme at Politeknik Negeri Jember. Data collection techniques included questionnaires distributed via Google Forms, consisting of multiple-choice and open-ended questions, complemented by semi-structured interviews to gain deeper insights. The focus was on understanding how students perceive the effectiveness of digital video projects in enhancing their speaking skills and overall language learning experience. The findings revealed that most students had a positive attitude toward creating digital video projects, stating that such activities significantly enhanced their confidence, fluency, and pronunciation in English. Many participants emphasized that digital video projects encouraged them to practice speaking repeatedly, which contributed to reducing anxiety and improving their performance. The study also found a clear connection between students' intrinsic motivation to improve their speaking skills and the perceived benefits of completing digital video tasks. Additionally, students highlighted the creative aspect of video-making, which fostered collaboration, critical thinking, and self-expression. The role of the lecturer was identified as crucial in guiding students throughout the project, particularly in overcoming technical and linguistic challenges. The study concludes that integrating digital video projects into speaking lessons not only improves speaking ability but also motivates learners to take active participation in language learning.

Organizational structure is crucial because it determines the tasks and functions, as well as how coordination and communication are carried out within the organization. Higher education management requires appropriate organizational structure design, especially in private universities, where there are differences between operations and asset management. The organizational structure must align with the organization's development maturity level to be adaptive, mature, and capable of adapting to emerging developments. This study aims to design an organizational structure for private universities that have unique characteristics and require professional management. Through a comparative analysis of various literature studies and case studies from three different private universities, this study aims to provide recommendations for an appropriate organizational structure to manage private universities in Indonesia. The results of this study can help develop organizational structures for private universities in Indonesia to improve communication and coordination and become professional organizations in the long term.

Flooding is a natural disaster that still frequently occurs in Singkep District, Lingga Regency, Riau Islands Province. This disaster has quite serious impacts on the community, both in the economic, social, and health sectors. Therefore, the problem of flooding should be a serious concern for the local government, particularly in improving the effectiveness of coordination between agencies directly involved in flood mitigation efforts. This study aims to determine the coordination process between the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) and the Public Works and Spatial Planning Agency (PUTR) of Lingga Regency in flood management, as well as to identify obstacles encountered in its implementation. The research method used is qualitative with a descriptive approach. The researcher uses the coordination theory of Harold Koontz which emphasizes four important elements: work planning, meetings or interactions, communication, and division of tasks. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation from both related agencies. The results of the study indicate that inter-agency coordination has not been running synergistically. The work plans of each agency have not been fully integrated, resulting in the implementation of the flood mitigation program running independently based on their respective duties and functions. The Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) places greater emphasis on non-structural mitigation approaches such as education and simulations, while the Public Works and Housing Agency (PUTR) focuses on technical aspects such as flood control infrastructure development. Inter-agency meetings remain formal and have not yet become collaborative forums for formulating joint policies. Communication and task allocation have occurred, but are limited to the information dissemination stage. Key obstacles to this coordination include budget constraints, a lack of competent personnel, and low public awareness and participation in supporting mitigation programs. The lack of drainage construction in several affected villages also demonstrates weak inter-agency integration in program implementation.

Employee shift scheduling in the hospitality industry remains a critical yet complex task due to fluctuating operational demands, fairness requirements, and labour regulations. Many hotels still rely on manual scheduling methods, which are time-consuming and prone to biases, particularly in ensuring fair workload distribution across employees. Despite numerous studies on workforce scheduling, limited attention has been given to integer linear programming (ILP) models that address gender-based restrictions and operational fairness simultaneously in real-world hotel contexts, especially in developing regions such as Central Java. This study proposes an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) model to generate optimal shift schedules for hotel staff over a 31-day planning horizon. The model incorporates operational constraints, including one shift per day, gender-based restrictions (which prevent female staff from working night shifts), availability, minimum staffing levels, and fairness in workload distribution. Key parameters and binary decision variables were defined to ensure compliance with the hotel's specific requirements. Empirical data were collected from a hotel in Central Java involving 20 employees, and the model was implemented using Python with a Gurobi solver. The ILP model successfully generated optimal schedules in under 10 seconds, significantly outperforming the manual method, which required over 4 hours. While the manual schedule resulted in an imbalance where some employees worked over 27 days and others only 22, the ILP approach enforced a strict maximum of 26 working days for all staff. Furthermore, the fairness index (FI) improved from 19.2% in the manual method to 0% in the ILP-generated schedule, indicating complete equity in workload allocation. The proposed ILP model demonstrates its effectiveness in improving scheduling fairness, operational efficiency, and compliance with labour policies. This work not only addresses a critical research gap in hospitality scheduling practices in Indonesia but also offers a replicable framework for other labour-intensive service sectors. Future research may explore multi-objective extensions incorporating employee preferences, satisfaction, and dynamic demand fluctuations.

Bananas are a tropical fruit that is popular because of its sweet taste and high nutrient content. However, bananas have a major drawback, which is a short shelf life. After reaching perfect ripeness, the banana will undergo a change in mushy texture, the skin will appear black spots, and there will be a growth of yeast that causes the appearance of the banana to be damaged and unfit for consumption. However, ripe bananas that look visually bad still contain high glucose, which can be used in fermentation or advanced processing. One of the solutions to avoid losses due to ripe banana spoilage is to process it into banana sale. Banana sale is a processed product produced from ripe bananas that go through a drying process to reduce the moisture content to a safe level, so that it can extend its shelf life. This drying process can be done by two methods, namely drying in the sun and smoking. The purpose of both methods is to reduce the water content of bananas, so that they are not easily damaged by microorganisms. Using this technique, bananas that are prone to spoilage can be transformed into more durable products, have a distinctive taste, and have a high selling value. The quality of banana sales is influenced by various factors, such as its color, taste, aroma, texture, and shelf life. By processing bananas for sale, their economic value can increase significantly. Farmers can not only reduce losses due to bananas that do not sell well in the fresh market, but also earn additional income from value-added processed products. Banana sale products have great potential to be developed as one of the processed food products that have economic value and are beneficial to the community (Masuku, M. A., 2023; Lestari, S., et al., 2024).

Transparent, accountable, and efficient regional financial management is a key responsibility in ensuring good governance. One of the government’s efforts to realize this is through the implementation of an accounting information system known as the Regional Government Information System SIPD, which plays a critical role in planning, budgeting, and financial reporting within local governments. However, the success of SIPD implementation depends not only on the quality of the system itself, but also on the level of user acceptance and usage. This study aims to examine the influence of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and trust on the acceptance of SIPD use at the Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency BPKAD of Karangasem Regency. The sample was determined using non-probability purposive sampling, with 36 employees who use SIPD as respondents. Data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression analysis. The results indicate that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and trust have a positive effect on SIPD acceptance. This suggests that when the system is perceived to improve performance, productivity, and effectiveness; simplify tasks; be easy to use, understand, and learn; enhance user skills; be trustworthy; and provide security and protection, user interest, satisfaction, and usage frequency will increase. Theoretically, this study supports the Technology Acceptance Model TAM in explaining the influence of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and trust on SIPD acceptance. Practically, the findings can be used as input and evaluation material for further SIPD development.

Deployment of TNI to secure the prosecutor's office Although the Policy arose based on Telegram No. TR/442/2025 which ordered the deployment of TNI soldiers to strengthen the security of the High Prosecutor's Office and the District Prosecutor's Office throughout Indonesia.Securing the prosecutor's office by the TNI is contrary to civilian supremacy, a distortion of the defense function, because it deviates from the spirit of reform and the constitution. Meaning When the law is passed by legal telegram, the deployment of the military for tasks other than war or what is known as Military Operations Other Than War (OMSP), is strictly regulated in Law Number 3 of 2025 concerning Amendments to Law No. 34 of 2004 concerning the TNI. In Article 7 paragraphs (3) and (4), it is emphasized that: (1). All forms of OMSP can only be carried out based on a state political decision, either in the form of a Presidential Regulation or Government Regulation, depending on the type and scope of its duties. This is a form of "administrative militarization" that slowly but surely erodes the neutrality of the TNI; (2). There is no emergency situation, no reports of armed threats against the prosecutor's office, and no political decisions from the president; (3). The TNI is not an Office Guard, but a Guardian of the State's Future, meaning that the state guard should not be deployed only to guard the office, because the deployment of the TNI for the security of the prosecutor's office is not a solution. It is the beginning of decline. So this policy should be rejected, for the sake of the constitution, for the sake of military neutrality, and for the future of a democratic and civilized Indonesia.

Durian is a tropical fruit belonging to the climacteric group, meaning it experiences a surge in respiration after harvest and quickly deteriorates. Due to its perishable nature, processing is necessary to extend its shelf life and maintain its nutritional value and flavor. One traditional method of processing that has long been known in Indonesia, particularly in Kalimantan and Sumatra, is the fermentation of durian flesh into tempoyak. Tempoyak is a natural fermentation product made from ripe durian flesh that has undergone a further ripening process and has a distinctive sour taste and strong aroma. The tempoyak fermentation process involves the activity of microorganisms, particularly lactic acid bacteria (LAB) such as Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus curvatus, which play a crucial role in producing flavor, a semi-solid texture, and functional health benefits. Human food needs depend not only on the quantity of food but also on the quality of its nutritional content, such as carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins, and minerals. In this context, fermented foods such as tempoyak provide added value in the form of probiotics that have the potential to improve digestive health. Lactic acid bacteria, which dominate the natural fermentation process, play a crucial role in the formation of flavor compounds and beneficial biological activities. This study aimed to isolate and identify the types of LAB present in traditional tempoyak from Jambi. Isolation was conducted to obtain pure strains of bacteria with potential probiotics, while identification aimed to determine the dominant bacterial species in the tempoyak fermentation process. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the development of functional food products based on local fermentation.

This study aims to analyze the marketing strategies implemented and customer perception of MSMEs of Various Muzzaki Chips in Subang Regency. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with a case study method. Data is collected through interviews with MSME owners, employees, and customers, which are then analyzed to identify the effectiveness of marketing strategies and customer perception of the products and services provided. The focus of the research includes the implementation of marketing strategies based on the concept of Segmenting, Targeting, and Positioning (STP), as well as the 4P (Product, Price, Place, Promotion) marketing mix. In addition, the evaluation of customer perception is carried out based on five dimensions of service quality, namely Tangibility, Empathy, Responsibility, Responsiveness, and Assurance. The results of the study show that MSMEs Aneka Keripik Muzzaki have implemented the STP strategy on target, namely targeting consumers aged 15-45 years, including students, employees, and housewives. The marketing mix strategy used is quite effective, starting from the development of innovative and quality products, affordable pricing, distribution through direct and online channels, and promotion through social media such as WhatsApp and Instagram. Customer perception of MSMEs tends to be positive, as can be seen from their satisfaction with the taste, packaging, price, and service provided. These results reflect the success of the marketing strategy implemented in building customer loyalty and increasing business competitiveness. It is recommended that MSMEs continue to improve the quality of products and services and expand their marketing reach through digital platforms to achieve sustainable growth.

Kue buayo berendam is a traditional food from Jambi that is unique in terms of ingredients, taste, and processing method. This food is made from glutinous rice flour and coconut milk, which gives it a chewy texture and a savory and sweet taste. With the increasing interest in functional foods that are not only delicious but also beneficial for health, kue buayo berendam has the potential for further study, especially in terms of its microbial content. One interesting aspect to study is the presence of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), especially from the genus Lactobacillus, which is known to have probiotic benefits. This study aims to identify the presence of Lactobacillus spp. in kue buayo berendam to determine the probiotic potential of this traditional food. The methodology used in the study included bacterial isolation from cake samples, observation of colony morphology, Gram staining to determine the type of bacterial cell wall, and a series of biochemical tests to identify the characteristics of the bacteria found. From the results of isolation and identification, it was found that most of the bacteria successfully cultured were Lactobacillus spp., which are Gram-positive and rod-shaped bacteria. The presence of Lactobacillus spp. The results of the research on kue buayo berendam (soaked crocodile cake) indicate that this food not only has cultural and flavor value but also has the potential to be a source of natural probiotics. Probiotics are known to play a role in maintaining digestive health, boosting the immune system, and balancing the gut microbiota. Therefore, kue buayo berendam (soaked crocodile cake) can be further developed as a traditional functional food that supports public health. These findings open up opportunities to enhance the nutritional and health value of local fermented foods, while preserving regional culinary heritage in more innovative and value-added forms.  

Small-scale economic activities, such as micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), play a vital role in a region's economy. MSMEs need to be protected and empowered to prevent unfair competition between businesses, especially those involving large-scale businesses. One example of an MSME with great potential is the amplang (rice crackers) manufacturing business, a typical souvenir from Balikpapan. Amplang has a distinctive taste and is attractive to tourists visiting the city, and has the potential to be further developed in the future. However, during the community service process, several problems were discovered among these MSMEs. One of the main problems is the lack of online product marketing expansion. These MSMEs still rely on traditional marketing methods, which are limited to direct sales or through local markets. However, with technological developments and high internet usage, the use of social media for product promotion can have a significant impact on increasing sales and market reach. To address this issue, market share expansion was carried out by utilizing social media, which has not previously been used by these MSMEs. Social media platforms like Instagram, Facebook, and WhatsApp can be highly effective platforms for introducing amplang products to a wider market, both locally, regionally, and nationally. Furthermore, this community service program also provides business development assistance by providing training to MSMEs in social media management, engaging content creation, and appropriate digital marketing strategies. With this introduction to online marketing and mentoring, it is hoped that amplang MSMEs in Balikpapan can better develop their businesses, expand their market reach, and increase their competitiveness in an increasingly competitive market.

This research is motivated by the high intensity of activity in the apron area, the limited number of personnel, and the implementation of a shift work system in the Apron Movement Control (AMC) unit at Halim Perdanakusuma Airport. These conditions have the potential to cause excessive workloads for personnel, which can impact the effectiveness of operational supervision and disrupt their physical and mental health. The main objective of this study is to analyze the workload of AMC personnel and determine the ideal number of workers to ensure optimal supervision in the apron area. This study uses a quantitative descriptive approach. Data collection techniques were carried out through direct observation and the distribution of questionnaires to all personnel activities in the AMC unit. Data analysis used the Full Time Equivalent (FTE) method to calculate the total actual working time required, and compared it with the standard full-time working hours according to employment regulations. The results showed that the workload of AMC personnel is quite high. Of the seven personnel analyzed, two people obtained an FTE value above 1.28, indicating an overload condition, four people were in the FTE range of 1.00 to 1.28, which is considered normal, and one person had an FTE value below 1.00, indicating an underload condition. These findings indicate an imbalance in the distribution of workload among personnel. As a result, some personnel must perform multiple tasks simultaneously, potentially compromising the quality of oversight and operational safety in the apron area. Based on these findings, a re-evaluation of the division of tasks and workforce within the AMC unit is recommended to create a proportional workload and support optimal safety and operational performance at Halim Perdanakusuma Airport.

This study aims to analyze the effect of communication (X1), work environment (X2), and workload (X3) on job satisfaction (Y) among employees at PT Indomarco Prismatama. Job satisfaction is a crucial factor influencing employee performance and productivity; therefore, understanding the factors that affect it is essential for the company’s sustainability and growth. This research employs a quantitative approach with a saturated sampling technique, in which the entire population is used as the sample. The total number of respondents in this study was 30 employees. The analytical method used was path analysis with the assistance of SPSS version 22 software. The results show that the communication variable (X1) has a significant effect on job satisfaction (Y), with a significance value of 0.000. This indicates that effective, clear, and open communication between management and employees can enhance employees’ satisfaction with their jobs. Furthermore, the work environment variable (X2) also has a significant effect on job satisfaction (Y), with a significance value of 0.000. This finding suggests that a safe, comfortable, and supportive work environment, both physically and non-physically, plays a vital role in shaping employees’ positive perceptions of their work. In addition, the workload variable (X3) has a significant effect on job satisfaction (Y), with a significance value of 0.009. This means that a proportional workload, in accordance with employees’ capabilities, can improve job satisfaction, whereas excessive workloads may reduce it. Overall, this study concludes that communication, work environment, and workload have a significant effect on job satisfaction among employees at PT Indomarco Prismatama. The implication of this study is that management should continuously improve the quality of communication, create a conducive work environment, and establish a balanced workload to maintain and enhance employee job satisfaction.

Competition in the local culinary business is getting tougher as consumer behavior shifts, placing greater emphasis on product quality and social media recommendations. Nasi Uduk Pemuda, located in Doko Village, Kediri Regency, leverages brand trust, distinctive flavors, and promotions through social media influencers to drive consumer purchasing decisions. This study aims to analyze the influence of brand trust, flavors, and social media influencers on consumer purchasing decisions. The method used in this study is quantitative, with a survey of consumers who have purchased Nasi Uduk Pemuda products. The sample size was calculated using the Slovin formula. Data were analyzed using SPSS 29 through several tests, such as validity, reliability, classical assumptions, multiple linear regression, t-test, f-test, and coefficient of determination (R²). The t-test results indicate that brand trust and flavor have a significant positive influence on consumer purchasing decisions. On the other hand, the influence of social media influencers on purchasing decisions is positive, but not significant. The f-test shows that simultaneously, the three variables significantly influence purchasing decisions, with an R² value of 0.669. This means that 66.9% of the variation in purchasing decisions can be explained by brand trust, taste, and the influence of social media influencers, while the remainder is influenced by other factors not examined in this study. In conclusion, maintaining brand trust, ensuring consistent taste quality, and leveraging promotions through social media influencers remain important strategies in improving consumer purchasing decisions. Nasi Uduk Pemuda needs to continue to maintain and develop these three elements to remain competitive in an increasingly dynamic market.

This research aims to develop a mathematics teaching module based on differentiated learning integrated with the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) method, specifically for the topic of spatial structures ("get up room") for students at Nanasi 1 Elementary School. The development process follows the 4D model, which includes the stages of Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate. In the Define stage, analysis revealed the absence of instructional modules that align with students' learning styles and needs. Consequently, learning objectives were formulated based on geometric elements and problem-solving criteria. During the Design stage, a prototype module and validation instruments were produced. Validation was conducted by two experts, yielding high scores for both content and visual presentation—each achieving 90% validity. Practicality assessments also showed strong results, with content rated at 90.8% and visual aspects at 90%, categorizing the module as “very valid” and “very practical.” The integration of the PjBL method was implemented to enhance active student participation, encouraging collaborative exploration and real-world application of mathematical concepts. The developed module is considered suitable for supporting differentiated mathematics instruction in elementary schools. It accommodates diverse learning styles and promotes student engagement through project-based tasks. The findings suggest that combining differentiated learning with PjBL fosters a more inclusive and effective learning environment, particularly in geometry-related topics. This module not only meets pedagogical standards but also contributes to the advancement of innovative teaching practices in primary education.

Understanding the methods used by the National Sharia Council of the Indonesian Ulema Council (DSN-MUI) is important to be understood by the public in order to gain stronger confidence in the implementation of its fatwa. Of the various methods of determining law or ijtihad, one of the ones used by DSN-MUI is Istishab. The purpose of this study is to analyze the application of the Istishab ijtihad method in determining fatwas in DSN-MUI, especially fatwa on rahn tasjily and rahn emas. The research method used uses a Qualitative method with a normative juridical approach that uses secondary and analytical descriptive data as the data analysis technique used. The results of this study state that one of the legal sources used by DSN-MUI in formulating its fatwa is istishab. In general, in the application of istishab in its fatwa, DSN-MUI in most of its fatwas uses the rules derived from isitishab in the form of the law of origin of muamalat is permissible. However, there are two fatwas that clearly show the use of istishab in the issuance of fatwa, namely in Fatwa D about Rahn Emas and Rahn Tasjily. In both fatwas, the elements that become the harmony and conditions in the use of istishab as a legal evidence have been fulfilled, both of which are related to rahn in general that have taken place in the past, which then these postulates are used to determine the applicability of the rahn law in the present time which is used in the form of golden rahn and rahn tasjily. In addition, it also uses derivative rules from istihab itself in the form of the basic law of muamalat, which is permissible until there is evidence that supports it.