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The optimization of ship crew changes and Maritime Employment Agreement (MEA) contracts implementation is a crucial challenge in the shipping industry. This abstract details a holistic approach to understanding the constraints, optimization strategies, and impacts associated with crew changes and MEA implementation. The literature review highlights constraints such as uncertainty in policy changes, bureaucratic obstacles, and resistance to change. To address these constraints, optimization strategies involve technology integration, risk management, enhanced communication, transparency in MEA, and investment in training and development. The positive impacts of optimization include improved operational efficiency, crew welfare, company reputation, onboard safety, and harmonious relationships. These strategies are expected to provide guidance for shipping companies to overcome challenges and improve the implementation of crew changes and MEA, creating a more efficient, stable, and sustainable shipping industry.

Ships have an important role in fishing operations, because ships are an aspect that determines success in the fishing proses. In order for a gillnet vessel to operate properly, it must have a large length, moderate width, and small draft height because these three values are the main values for ship dimensions. In designing fishing vessels, there are several stages, namely calculating the main dimensions, making lines plan, and calculate the resistance experienced by the ship. This study aims to determine the main dimensions of fishing vessels from gross tonnage in the Karangsong area, as well as to draw a line plan for the main sizes of fishing vessels and determine the resistance of vessels at their service speed. This research was conducted in the Karangsong Indramayu area from March to June 2023. The results of the research on the main sizes of fishing vessels with gillnets are L= 18,1 m, B= 4,6 m, D= 1,8 m, service speed boats designed to range from 0 to 12 knots using the holtrop method, the drag at a speed of 6 knots is 2,5 kN, at a speed of 9 knots is a 16,1 kN, and at a speed of 12 knots it is 49,3 kN.

Background: Mother's milk (ASI) is rich in nutrients and is the key to baby's health. Breast milk is the best food that babies aged 0-6 months need for optimal growth and development, increasing body resistance, protecting against infection, forming a healthy digestive system and increasing intelligence. Objective: to determine the relationship between factors that influence the smooth flow of breastfeeding in breastfeeding mothers in the work area of ??the Kuta Baro Aceh Besar Community Health Center. Method: This research is quantitative with an analytical design using a cross-sectional study method. Data were collected using a questionnaire conducted from March 8 to April 4 2023. The population in this study were all breastfeeding mothers who had babies aged 0-6 months, totaling 139 people, using a sampling technique, namely proportional random sampling, of 58 people. Results: Data analysis using chi square with the results of the study shows that there is a relationship between family support and smooth breastfeeding with a value of p= 0.011, there is a relationship between breast care and smooth breastfeeding with a value of p= 0.012, there is a relationship between the frequency of breastfeeding and smooth breastfeeding with a value of p= 0.025 and There is no relationship between the use of contraceptives and the smoothness of breastfeeding with a p value = 0.372. Conclusion: This research is a factor that influences the smoothness of breast milk.  

  Infectious diseases are still an important public health problem, especially in developing countries. One of the mainstay drugs to overcome this problem is antibiotics. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics continues to increase throughout the world, including Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to determine the average use of antibiotic eye drops for the period January to March 2021 at the Community Eye Health Center January to March 2021. The method in this research is a descriptive survey. The population in this study were all prescription data from January to March at the Community Eye Health Center. Results In January to March 2021 the average number of uses of the antibiotic Levofloxacin was 39.6. Polynel is 35. Bralifex is 34.

This research discusses about the problem of resistance to gender injustice in Dian Purnomo's novel Perempuan yang Menangis kepada Bulan Hitam (PMBH). This study aims to describe and interpret the forms of resistance of women who experience gender injustice and to understand the forms of gender injustice experienced by these female characters. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative by utilizing feminist literary criticism theory. Data sources are obtained from the entire contents or chapters of the PMBH novel. Data collection techniques using reading and note techniques. The data validity technique of this research is triangulation. The steps in analyzing are: 1) reading the PMBH novel; 2) determine the research focus; 3) marking important parts; 4) sorting data; 5) describe forms of gender inequality and forms of women's resistance; and 6) make conclusions. The results of the analysis show that the forms of gender injustice experienced by the character Magi Diela as the main character and other female characters as subordinate figures are in the form of marginalization, stereotypes, violence, workload, and subordination. The forms of resistance carried out by the character Magi Diela as the main character and other female subordinate figures are in the form of 1) actions and 2) thoughts.    

 Poetry is the poet's interpretation of life. The interpretation reflects the poet's view of the surrounding reality. Reading poetry is a literary art enjoyment. Poetry is a rich literature that can be used to express oneself from the author, for example in Widji Thukul's poem entitled "Land" which describes love and affection for the motherland, the struggle against injustice, and the spirit of resistance to existing oppression. The purpose of this analysis is to dissect the poem "Tanah" by Wiji Thukul structurally the structural approach in poetry refers to the analysis that is focused on structural elements in a poem. This approach aims to understand how these elements interact and contribute to the overall understanding of the poem.

One of the objects monitored by the Airport Authority is the activity of hot air balloons in the air space. The presence of an uncontrolled hot air balloon certainly results in disruption of the aircraft flight path which will cause flight safety to be threatened. Therefore, all forms of disruption to the flight path that have the potential for danger must be handled immediately to ensure flight safety. This study aims to find out the role and constraints experienced by the Airport Authority Office Region III in supervising hot air balloons in order to maintain flight security and safety. This study uses qualitative methods with primary and secondary data collection techniques. The data used are observation, interviews, documentation and literature study to find out the role of the Region III Airport Authority Office in supervising hot air balloons. The results of this study indicate that the role played by the Region III Airport Authority Office in supervising hot air balloons has been carried out properly and has implemented according to the regulations stated in PM 41 of 2011 and PM 40 of 2018. Meanwhile the obstacles experienced were limited personnel, Budget that is less than optimal, Momentum for hot air balloon flights that are quite a lot and occur simultaneously, Community resistance to existing regulations, and a wide scope of supervision.

Mr. Joko Widodo, The President of the Republic of Indonesia, has recently been inseparable from various hot issues that have been debated in the community during his tenure for two terms. In recent years, there have been  discussions for postponing elections  made by a range of political figures, and people who support the issue. The big impact caused by this discourse includes demonstrations and resistance from the community. The stability of a country is also affected by an increasingly tense political situation. The danger of democracy allowing its people's freedom to speak raises political turmoil, which can undermine the values of constitutional sovereignty and democracy. The article investigates Indonesia's laws governing the delay of national elections and the recommendations for the implementation of the discourse on postponing the general election against the sovereignty of the constitution and democracy as well as the consequences of its implementation. The study's methodology is normative juridical with a legislative and conceptual focus. Data were gathered through a literature review of secondary legal materials, such as the general election law, secondary sources in the form of journals and books, and tertiary sources in the form of articles from websites. The conclusion of the findings of this article in the form of a constitution does not regulate or require the prorogation of the general elected. However, to strive for the agenda, there is a method of forming a Government Regulation in Lieu of Law that involves a mismatch in the periodization of the position of state stakeholder described in the 1945 Constitution and is an indication of contraindications to constitutional sovereignty. Constitutional amendments are the second option that can pose a threat to the sustainability of electoral principles that are part of a form of democratic sovereignty.

Background: Diabetic ulcer is a complication of peripheral neuropathy in people with diabetes mellitus which often ends in disability or death. Proper handling of infection is closely related to the rational use of antibiotics to avoid the occurrence of resistance. The emergence of resistance to antibiotics has an effect on the risk of increasing infection status, increasing the length of stay in the hospital, the risk of amputation and even death. Objectives: This study aims to determine the type and percentage of bacteria present in diabetic ulcers and to test the sensitivity of antibiotics prescribed in diabetic patients with ulcers in the inpatient room of RSUD Kraton, Pekalongan Regency. Methods: The research model used was descriptive to describe the profile of bacteria and the sensitivity of antibiotics prescribed to bacterial findings from diabetic ulcer isolates in inpatients at Kraton Hospital, Pekalongan Regency. The research method was carried out by biochemical identification and sensitivity testing of the Kirby Bauer technique on 2 samples of diabetic patients with ulcer complications taken by total census during March-April 2022. Results: Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa were found with a percentage of 50% each. The sensitivity test showed that Ampicillin was resistant to Staphylococcus aureus, Ciprofloxacin was resistant to Enterobacter aerogenes and intermediate to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The percentage of effectiveness of Meropenem and Metronidazole antibiotics had the highest sensitivity values, namely 100%, 50% Ampicillin and 25% Ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: From the research that has been done, it can be concluded that Ampicillin is resistant to Staphylococcus aureus, Ciprofloxacin is resistant to Enterobacter aerugenes, Ciprofloxacin intermediate is resistant to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Meropenem and Metronidazole are sensitive to the three bacterial findings namely Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Introduction. Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the oldest diseases known to attack humans, caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Multi-drug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) is a stage or condition in which Mycobacterium tuberculosis becomes minimally resistant to rifampicin administration and also insonicotinylhydrazine (INH). Extensive-drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) is an MDR-TB with Mycobacterium tuberculosis immune characteristics against one of the fluoroquinolone class drugs and one of the second-line injection OAT (capreomycin, kanamycin, and amikacin). The aim of this study was to find out the description of variation in laboratory costs of MDR-TB/XDR patients on one treatment cycle. Method. The inclusion criteria were patients who had been diagnosed with MDR-TB/XDR and performed laboratory tests. The design of this study was a cross-sectional retrospective analytics using medical records of MDR-TB/XDR patients in MDR division. Results. There were 30 MDR-TB research subjects and 2 XDR-TB research subjects examined for laboratory examination. Comparison of laboratory mean of MDR-TB/XDR (p = 0,018). Discussion. There was a significant difference in the total cost of MDR-TB/XDR laboratory examinations in one treatment cycle. Conclusion. Laboratory examination of MDR-TB/XDR patients requires considerable cost, this is due to the side effects of OAT that require patient clinical monitoring.    

Titanium has been utilized as an implant material because of its mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. However, there are some issues in using titanium for medical implants such as particle release that could be toxic to the native environment. Therefore, it is necessary to find safer substitute materials such as natural polymers, which are found to be great in biocompatibility and less toxic. In this paper, we discussed the safety characteristics such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mechanical properties for both materials. The source of information was gathered through online databases, PubMed, using keywords such as titanium, 3D bioprinting, and implant, and further screened with biocompatibility, mechanical characteristics, gelatin, fibrin, cellulose, alginate, agarose, silk, in-vitro and in-vivo. Journal publications that did not discuss biocompatibility, biodegradability, mechanical qualities, could not be opened, and were not research articles were excluded. The 9 journals were selected based on the inclusion, title, and abstract. It can be concluded that natural polymers could be a titanium alternative based on its safety characteristics. Further studies are required to do more research about their safety to be used as medical implant material.     

This study aims to analyze the power dynamics that occur in the interaction between a clown and a driver at a red light using Michel Foucault's power theory approach. Clowns at red lights are often objects of interest to motorists and pedestrians, but their role in public space is rarely examined from a power perspective. This study uses a qualitative research method with a case study approach to gain an in-depth understanding of the clown's interaction at the red light. Data was collected through participant observation, interviews with clowns, and content analysis from social media that describes these interactions. The results showed that clowns at red lights use various strategies to attract the attention of motorists, such as funny gestures, flashy costumes, and silly actions. However, behind the fun and joy shown by the clown, there is a hidden power structure. Through the use of humorous actions, clowns are able to change the dynamics of public space, divert the attention of motorists from existing traffic rules, and form alternative narratives about that space. This study also shows that the presence of a clown at a red light involves a complex power and knowledge relationship between the clown, the driver, and the general public. Clowns use their symbolic power to control people's perceptions and evaluations of public space, as well as to go beyond the rules and norms that apply. Using Foucault's theory of power, this study provides a new understanding of the clown's interaction at the red light as a form of resistance to existing power. This research also describes how clowns, as actors who are underestimated by many people, can utilize their power to shape and reconstruct meaning and experience in public space.

The aging process is a natural phenomenon experienced by every individual, characterized by physical and mental changes that affect the body's functions and capabilities. The speed of the aging process can vary between individuals due to the influence of hormones and other factors. Elderly is often thought of as a disease, whereas aging is actually a natural process of decreasing the body's resistance to external and internal stimuli. During aging, the elderly experience physical, mental and psychological changes. Efforts to improve the health of older adults with chronic diseases are made through the adoption of a healthy lifestyle. This includes regular exercise programs, a healthy diet by limiting salt, fat, and cholesterol intake, quitting smoking, avoiding alcoholic beverages and caffeine, managing emotional stress, and undergoing regular monthly health check-ups. With age, older adults are at risk of various diseases, decreased body functions, imbalances, and the risk of falls. These challenges often conflict with older adults' desire to remain independent and active. The mismatch between expectations and conditions can even lead to depression. Therefore, there is a need for special attention to the health and well-being of the elderly with chronic diseases to maintain their quality of life.

Teak is a plant that produces attractive red and brown colors besides that it has many useful ingredients, so it is used as a natural dye. Researchers use teak leaves as a coloring agent in bodypainting. The purpose of this research is to create the use of teal leaves as a brown coloring agent in bodypaiting paint. The method used is the observation method, the library method, tehe experimental method, the documentation method, and the questionnaire method. Based on the feasibility test of the bodypainting product, it was found that the average score on the resulting color assessment inicator was 8,6 including the fairly decent category. On the texture assessment indicator, which is 8 and is included in the fairly decent category. On the aroma assessment indicator that is 7,3. And included in the category less feasible. Meanwhile, based on the results of the public test, it was found that te average score on the resulting color sharpness assessment indicator was 4, which was included in the proper category. In the humidity assessent indicator 4,2 is included in the very feasible category. In the indicator of coloring resistance assessment, with an average of 3 it is included in the category of quite decent enough. In the assessment inicator og the ease of removing bodypainting, which wa found with a score of 4,8 it was included in the very feasible category. The conclusion of this study is that the dye in teak leaves can be used as a natural dye in the manufacture of bodypainting. The best suggestion in this research is to add the aroma of bodypainting with essential oil in oerder to produce a fragrant aroma and for the packaging it must have a high appeal to the public. Further research is needed to determine the expiration date and color resistance of beetroot dyes.

The aims of this research include: (1) To find out the forms of marginalization and discrimination experienced by the character Nyai Ontosoroh in Pramoedya Ananta Toer's Romance of the Earth of Mankind. (2) To find out the form of resistance of the character Nyai Ontosoroh in Pramoedya Ananta Toer's Romance of the Earth of Mankind. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. The source of data obtained from this research is the book Earth of Mankind by Pramoedya Ananta Toer as primary data. Meanwhile, secondary data consists of information and references obtained scientifically from books, articles, the internet and mass media related to this research. The data collection technique used library, listening and note-taking techniques through critical discourse analysis developed by Sara Mills. The research results show that: (1) There are 6 data on marginalization experienced by the character Nyai Ontosoroh in the novel Earth of Mankind. In the family realm, the father's restriction/marginalization of rights and freedoms has made him a nyai or concubine (purchased slave). (2) There are 8 data on discrimination experienced by Nyai Ontosoroh. In the public sphere, she is seen by the general public as a woman who has no morals and is always looked down upon. (3) there are 11 data on the resistance of the figure Nyai Ontosoroh. Nyai Ontosoroh appears as the antithesis of the bad views about Nyai-Nyai. Nyai Ontosoroh emerged as the first Indigenous woman to fight European legal authority in defending her rights to her children and company.    

 Infection prevention therapy generally uses antibiotics (Priyanto, 2009) where inappropriate use of antibiotics (Paterson, et al., 2005) can cause resistance to antibiotics. Increasing bacterial resistance to antibiotics provides a great opportunity to obtain antibacterial compounds by utilizing the diversity of plants in Indonesia (Manik et al, 2018). Dayak onions on Lembata Island are known as forest onions, their alkaloid content has an antimicrobial function. This research aims to further study the potential of Dayak onion bulbs / forest onions (Eleutherine palmifolia) (L) Merr taken from the Lembata area, East Nusa Tenggara, in inhibiting the growth of Gram-negative Escherichia coli bacteria which include the Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) strain. ) with Escherichia coli bacteria. Dayak onion 96% ethanol extract was made in a concentration of 10% to 100% which was tested with ESBL strain Escherichia coli bacteria, the inhibitory power formed was measured to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value. Data obtained from Dayak onion (Eleutherine palmifolia) L (Merr) ethanol powder extract has antimicrobial activity in inhibiting the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria in Dayak onion (Eleutherine palmifolia) L (Merr) ethanol powder extract at concentrations of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100% of Escherichia coli bacteria is a concentration that is included in the weak group.

Background : Hypertension is a medical condition characterized by increased contraction of arteries which causes resistance to blood flow which increases blood pressure against the walls of blood through narrow blood vessels. Objective : To determine the effect of finger grip relaxation techniques and deep breathing on reducing blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Methods : Research design with descriptive method with case study approach. The implementation of Hypertension nursing care was carried out in the internal medicine room starting from June 15 to June 21, 2021. The subjects in this study were 2 patients suffering from hypertension morning and afternoon. Results : After being treated for 3 days, the results showed that the blood pressure of both patients decreased in patient 1 Mr “I” from 180/100 mmHg to 160/90 mmHg, in patients 2 Mrs “S” from 160/100 mmHg to 140/90 mmHg the pain scale of the two patients from 6 (moderate) to 3 (mild) the body is not weak, has started to be energetic and can sleep at night. cooperation between the health team and patients and families is very necessary for the success of nursing care for patients. Conclusion : With the management of finger grip relaxation techniques and deep breathing to reduce blood pressure in hypertensive patients with the results of the nursing evaluation the problem was partially resolved.

Indonesia is an earthquake-prone zone country. Many victims of life and material due to the earthquake that occurred in Indonesia. One of them is the result of the collapse of the building. Buildings in Indonesia should be designed to withstand earthquakes. The resistance of buildings to earthquakes is highly dependent on their geometric configuration which is closely related to form and space. With the development of the era, it also affects the architectural 'trend' favored by architects and clients. But without realizing this trend can affect the vulnerability of buildings to earthquakes. Design trends carried out by architects that can affect the vulnerability of buildings to earthquakes are: 1). Architectural styles that are developing in the world, 2). Transformation of the geometric form of the building, 3). Selection of building materials, 4). Placement of swimming pools on the roofs of high-rise buildings, and 5). Use of building modules. 

Abstrct  :  The purpose of law enforcement is often faced with the exam in its implementation, especially related regulations in it are still in debate   and proving to be deepening as well as actors who have a high resistance Key  words : Examination of law enforcement, Crime morality