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Diah Cahyani; Muhammad Yudi Hadianto; Andika Fadila Pratama Yuda; Agus Nur Wijaya; Bella Putra Madya +16 more

Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Sains dan Teknologi 2025 Fakultas Teknik Universitas Cenderawasih

This research aims to explore the protection of teenagers' rights in dealing with cyberbullying among students at Kemlagi State Vocational School, Mojokerto Regency. In the digital era, the use of social media among teenagers is increasing, but this also brings challenges in the form of cyberbullying, which can have a negative impact on their mental and emotional health. This research uses an outreach method which includes lectures, conveying the impact of cyberbullying, and explaining the rights of teenagers. This activity was held on December 12, 2024, involving students, teachers and students of Mayjen Sungkono University. Initial observation results show students' minimal knowledge about cyberbullying and their rights. Through socialization, students are expected to understand the consequences of cyberbullying, as well as their rights to be protected. Evaluation is carried out through questionnaires to measure student understanding after the socialization is carried out. It is hoped that this research can provide recommendations for schools, parents and the community in dealing with cyberbullying problems effectively, as well as increasing awareness of the importance of protecting teenagers' rights in cyberspace.

Lenvi Harefa; Novita Laia

ARDHI : Jurnal Pengabdian Dalam Negri 2025 Asosiasi Riset Pendidikan Agama dan Filsafat Indonesia

Teenagers at GKSI Sengkuang face similar struggles to teenagers in general. They are exposed to various influences that can weaken the foundations of their faith, such as unlimited access to social media, content that is not in line with Christian values, and relationships that are far from the principles of God's word. In situations like this, many teenagers experience confusion in determining who they are, what their purpose in life is, and how to live a life centered on Biblical values. Meanwhile, the research method uses qualitative by conducting direct observations, then the results of the observations will be processed into PKM articles, and supported by various literary sources such as journals, books, the Bible. The results of the research findings lie in the significant positive impact for GKSI Sengkuang youth. As well as, raising awareness of the dangers of identity crises, helping teenagers reflect on their self-worth in Christ, and growing their understanding of social pressures and the importance of church community.

Nurlela Hi. Baco; Bayu Dwisetyo; Novita Pesak; Vrigia Lumeohe; Febi Sabanari

Compromise Journal : Community Proffesional Service Journal 2025 LPPM STIKES KESETIAKAWANAN SOSIAL INDONESIA

Free Sex is a sexual behavior conducted without commitment and without considering the long-term consequences, which is often experienced by teenagers. High social pressures, lack of understanding about reproductive health, and the influence of social media are the main factors that exacerbate this behavior. Education about the dangers of free sex in teenagers is crucial to reduce the rates of unintended pregnancies, sexually transmitted infections, and other psychological impacts. This community service activity aims to increase teenagers' understanding and awareness about the dangers of free sex and to instill a healthy lifestyle in maintaining responsible sexual relationships. The method used was counseling through a presentation using PowerPoint media, followed by a question-and-answer session with students from SMP N1 Tumpaan, South Minahasa District. This activity was held on January 4, 2025, with the hope of having a positive impact on teenagers' behavior in maintaining their reproductive health.

Febrina Febrina; Waldatul Hamidah

Nursing Applied Journal 2025 LPPM STIKES KESETIAKAWANAN SOSIAL INDONESIA

Based on the HIV/AIDS information system report of the West Sumatra provincial office, it was stated that Padang City with the number of AIDS cases reported in 2021 recorded 280 people infected with HIV from January to November 2023. The Padang City Health Office stated that the dominant cause with the highest risk of residents infected with HIV AIDS was men who have sex with men (MSM), there was one case of MSM at SMP Negeri 24 Padang. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors related to adolescent perceptions of LGBT at SMP Negeri Padang in 2024.This type of research is "analytical" with a cross-sectional design. This research was conducted in June - September 2024 at SMP Negeri 24 Padang. The population of this study was all students of class VIII of SMP Negeri 24 Padang. The sampling technique was simple random sampling. Data collection used primary and secondary data. Univariate analysis used descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis used the chi square test.The results of the study showed from the chi square test results (p>0.05) there was a significant relationship between adolescent knowledge (p-value = 0.011) and adolescent perceptions about LGBT and there was no significant relationship between adolescent attitudes (p-value = 0.191) and adolescent environment (p-value = 0.802) with adolescent perceptions about LGBT.It was concluded that there was still a lack of adolescent knowledge about LGBT. It is hoped that the results of this study can further increase adolescent knowledge, especially about the dangers of LGBT in reducing the number of HIV transmissions.

Bayu Dwisetyo; Agust A. Laya; Suryani Hamid; Sintia Ismail; Alvandi Poluan

Compromise Journal : Community Proffesional Service Journal 2025 LPPM STIKES KESETIAKAWANAN SOSIAL INDONESIA

Bullying is an aggressive act committed by an individual or group with a high level of social recognition or power against an individual or group with a low level of social recognition or power. Bullying aggressive behaviour is criminal behaviour and the victim feels helpless, mentally depressed. In minimising victims of bullying and reducing perpetrators of bullying, the implementation of community service is carried out through education of the community, especially adolescents, so that they know that this behaviour is a crime, so that it can reduce the number of bullying in society. The purpose of this service is to increase public awareness of the negative impact of bullying, so that it will form a positive attitude and socialisation among others. The method of service carried out applies lecture, discussion and questioning methods to the community and adolescents in the Depok area, West Java. The results of community service through bullying prevention education are increasing awareness to the community, especially students or adolescents, to prevent bullying behaviour, protect victims by reporting perpetrators, instill an attitude of social care among friends both in the school environment and the community

Riska Pitriyani; IIs Niawati

Nursing Applied Journal 2025 LPPM STIKES KESETIAKAWANAN SOSIAL INDONESIA

 According to the Indonesian Ministry of Health's report on HIV cases for the period January – March 2017, the total number of HIV virus infections reported was 10,376 people. The highest percentage of HIV factors in risky sex was among men who have sex with men (MSM) (28%), heterosexuals (24%), injecting needles (2%) and others (9%). In the West Sumatra region, in 2022, in 4 points, namely Padang City, Bukitinggi, Solok and Solok Regency, it is estimated that there will be 14,469 people who have sex with men (MSM) or gay people in West Sumatra (Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, 2022). The aim of this research is to determine the description of the knowledge and attitudes of class VIII teenagers regarding LGBT at SMP Negeri 24 Padang in 2024.This type of research is "analytical" with a cross sectional design. This research was conducted in May-September 2024 at SMP Negeri 24 Padang. The population of this study were all students in class VIII of SMP Negeri 24 Padang. The sampling technique with a sample size of 73 people was simple random sampling. Data collection uses primary and secondary data. Univariate analysis uses descriptive statisticsThe research results show that from the results of data processing from SPSS, 28.8% of teenagers have good knowledge and 71.2% have sufficient knowledge. And for the assessment of adolescent attitudes, 46.6 were positive and 53.4 were negative. With a sample of 73 respondents.It was concluded that 71.2% of teenagers had sufficient knowledge about Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender (LGBT). From the attitude of teenagers who behave negatively, 53.4% ​​are also expected for schools to be able to further increase the provision of knowledge about (LGBT), especially the impacts or dangers of (LGBT). This can further increase teenagers' knowledge, especially about the dangers of (LGBT).

Benaja, Semuel; Suharto, Daniel; Lontoh, Julien

Jurnal Silih Asuh : Teologi dan Misi 2025 LPPM - STT Kadesi Bogor

Penelitian ini meneliti peran pemuridan gereja dalam mendorong pertumbuhan dan kedewasaan rohani jemaat, dengan menggunakan Gereja Gerakan Pentakosta Immanuel Bogor sebagai studi kasus. Gereja dipanggil untuk berfungsi sebagai sekolah rohani, memperlengkapi jemaat untuk menerapkan iman mereka dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dan bertumbuh dalam karakter yang selaras dengan ajaran Kristen. Meskipun telah melakukan ibadah rutin dan berbagai kegiatan pastoral, jemaat sering kali tidak mengalami pertumbuhan rohani yang signifikan, yang disebabkan oleh kurangnya fokus pada program pemuridan yang terstruktur.Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif-deskriptif yang didasarkan pada prinsip-prinsip alkitabiah, penelitian ini mengungkapkan korelasi yang signifikan antara upaya pemuridan dan pertumbuhan rohani jemaat. Temuan-temuan menyoroti bahwa materi pemuridan yang sistematis dan relevan secara kontekstual secara efektif meningkatkan pertumbuhan rohani. Lebih lanjut, Efesus 4:11-16 menggarisbawahi pentingnya memperlengkapi jemaat untuk pelayanan, mencapai kesatuan dalam iman, dan menjadi dewasa di dalam Kristus.Studi ini menekankan perlunya pemuridan strategis yang disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan jemaat, yang mencakup anak-anak, remaja, wanita, dan orang dewasa. Penelitian ini menyerukan pergeseran prioritas gereja dari infrastruktur fisik ke pendidikan rohani para anggota. Selain memberikan wawasan yang berharga, penelitian lebih lanjut direkomendasikan untuk mengeksplorasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi pertumbuhan rohani dalam konteks gereja yang berbeda, untuk memastikan keberlanjutan dampak pemuridan.

Sadiah, Ashifa Halimatus; Voutama, Apriade

Dinamik 2025 Universitas Stikubank

Pesatnya perkembangan belanja online melalui platform internet telah menyebar ke seluruh dunia khususnya di Indonesia dan telah banyak diketahui oleh masyarakat. Dalam konteks ini, kehadiran toko online atau e-commerce membantu perusahaan untuk menawarkan layanan dan produk yang berbeda, mengkomunikasikan informasi bisnis dan menjaga hubungan antara pemasok dan pelanggan. E-commerce memungkinkan transaksi bisnis diproses lebih efisien. Berbagai penelitian telah mengkonfirmasi bahwa e-commerce  membantu bisnis memperluas jangkauan pasar mereka dengan menawarkan produk dalam skala besar dan menyediakan penyimpanan data dan pelaporan yang dapat diakses dan disimpan melalui platform web. NICESO merupakan perusahaan retail dengan konsep toko modern yang  menawarkan berbagai macam produk antara lain alat tulis, mainan, aksesoris, peralatan rumah tangga, aksesoris handphone,  dan komputer. Tujuan dari pengembangan aplikasi NICESO adalah untuk membuat aplikasi penjualan yang memungkinkan masyarakat mencari dan membeli produk di suatu toko tanpa harus datang langsung ke toko. Aplikasi  juga membantu toko NICESO  menjangkau pelanggan, baik yang berbelanja langsung di toko maupun yang menggunakan aplikasi. Perancangan aplikasi ini dirancang agar mudah dipahami  oleh berbagai kalangan, mulai dari remaja hingga orang tua.

Endang Apriyanti; Kamelia Sinaga; Imran Saputra Surbakti; Asnita Sinaga; Rahmah Rahmah

Journal of Educational Innovation and Public Health 2025 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Adolescence is marked by growth and development in various aspects, including physical, psychological, and intellectual. They tend to have a great sense of curiosity, like challenges, and dare to take risks. However, this also makes them vulnerable to various risks, both in the short and long term. Therefore, health services are needed that care about the needs of adolescents, especially in terms of reproductive health. This study aims to determine whether there is an Influence of Health Education About "the influence of health education about early marriage on the level of Knowledge and attitudes of adolescents at the Tinggi Raja Health Center. Tinggi Raja Village, Tinggi Raja District in 2023. The type of quasi-experimental research with a One Group Pretest-Posttest Design, the research sample amounted to 30 people, who were selected using a sampling technique with the Total Sampling Technique. Based on the results of statistical tests using the Wilcoxon test, the results of the p value of knowledge = 0.000 <0.05 and the p value of attitude = 0.000 <0.05. So it is proven that there is a significant influence between health education about early marriage on the level of knowledge and attitudes of adolescents at the Tinggi Raja Health Center. Tinggi Raja Village, Tinggi Raja District in 2023.

Isniati Dwijayanti; Dessy Aryanti Utami; Maya Fernandya Siahaan; Muthia Farah Diba

Jurnal Pengabdian dan Solidaritas Masyarakat 2025 Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have been the leading cause of death in Indonesia for the past 19 years. This is due to a change in a diet high in sugar, salt and fat (SSF). Adolescents are one of the groups of people who often consume high snacks (SSF). It is feared that this will cause NCDs in the future. The purpose of this activity is to provide education with the theme of SSF Intake Restrictions in the Selection of Adolescent Snacks which is expected to increase knowledge and awareness of the target of SSF intake and avoid the target of the risk of NCDs. Nutrition education is carried out offline using the lecture method, providing e-booklets, questions and answers, and implementing pre-test and post-test using google form. The educational participants were attended by 85 students from 35 North Jakarta State High School. The results of nutrition education have a positive impact on the target knowledge level which is characterized by an increase in post-test scores on each component of the question

Maya Fernandya Siahaan; Dessy Aryanti Utami; Isniati Dwijayanti; Muthia Farah Diba Damanik

Jurnal Pengabdian dan Keberlanjutan Masyarakat 2025 Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

One of the nutritional problems that often occur in school children is the habit of consuming snacks. Snacks sold in the school environment often do not meet food safety and nutrition standards. Students of SMAN 35 Jakarta spend a lot of time at school and mostly consume food available in the school canteen. While the school canteen is dominated by traders who provide packaged food and beverages. Their decision in choosing the food and beverages consumed will certainly affect their health status. This study aims to increase knowledge about food label information, through this activity it is also expected that students will become wiser in choosing packaged foods to suit their body's needs to achieve optimal nutrition. Educational materials are delivered through interactive lectures with the support of visual aids in the form of e-booklets. Based on the results of community service activities in the form of nutrition education at SMAN 35 Jakarta, there is an increase in the knowledge and ability of students about the importance of knowing the nutrition information label on packaged products. Through this activity, it is also expected that students will become wiser in choosing packaged foods to suit their body's needs to achieve optimal nutrition.

Tri Ardianti Khasanah; Meyra Sakura Kinanti Mukti; Fawnia Dwiayu Wijayanti; Ni’ma Ghida Alfaz; Suti Patimah +5 more

Jurnal Pengabdian dan Pembangunan Lokal 2025 Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

Coffee is a drink that the Indonesian people have long favored. Coffee can affect blood pressure because polyphenols and potassium lower blood pressure, while caffeine increases blood pressure. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that by 2025, 1.5 billion people in the world will suffer from hypertension per year. Blood pressure in adolescents who experience hypertension can have a higher risk of morbidity and mortality, not only that the more severe hypertension experienced in adolescents can lead to a fairly severe risk of complications such as heart attack, stroke, and coronary artery disease. This study aims to provide broad insights related to nutrition and hopes that our education can at least change the mindset of adolescents regarding the importance of frequent coffee consumption without clear reasons. This study used the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test method.This nutrition education was conducted at SMK Harapan Massa, Beji, Depok. On January 25, 2024. Using Descriptive Research type. Based on Wilcoxon analysis, 45 students experienced a decrease in scores, 3 students experienced an increase and 16 students had similar scores in the post-test and pre-test. Conclusion. there is an influence on the results of students' understanding before exposure to the material (Post-test) and after exposure (Pre-test).

Damayanti, Dini Fitri; Dianna, Dianna; Rakhmawati, Rakhmawati

Compromise Journal : Community Proffesional Service Journal 2025 LPPM STIKES KESETIAKAWANAN SOSIAL INDONESIA

Stunting does not occur in a short time, but is a long and repeated process of malnutrition starting from the womb. Efforts to prevent stunting can be done starting from adolescence. The health status of adolescents determines the quality of life as adults, especially adolescent girls. The most common health problem in adolescent girls is nutritional problems, namely anemia. Adolescent girls who suffer from anemia are at risk of becoming women of childbearing age with anemia, then becoming pregnant women with anemia, and even experiencing protein energy deficiency. The activity method is carried out by providing counseling using the Pocket Book on Anemia in the work area of ​​the Perumnas II Health Center to participants who attended as many as 30 Adolescent Girls. Community service activities have been carried out and have received a good response from adolescent girls. The pocket book distributed to participants functions as an effective tool to remind and reinforce the material that has been delivered during the counseling.

Saddam Muhdi; May Valzon; Huda Marlina Wati; Larysa Fernenda; Muhammad Al Fatih +3 more

Compromise Journal : Community Proffesional Service Journal 2025 LPPM STIKES KESETIAKAWANAN SOSIAL INDONESIA

Adolescent reproductive health knowledge remains suboptimal due to insufficient access to accurate, evidence-based educational resources. This challenge is further compounded by the dissemination of unreliable information, resulting in misconceptions and improper health practices. This study presents a community-based initiative aimed at enhancing reproductive health literacy among students of SMAN 1 Pekanbaru, with a particular focus on integrating the use of natural resources as a preventive strategy. The program addresses gaps in structured reproductive health education and leverages locally available natural resources to foster sustainable health practices. The initiative encompasses structured activities, including socialization sessions for students and educators, comprehensive training on reproductive health and the utilization of natural resources, and the deployment of technology to facilitate information dissemination. Implemented by a multidisciplinary team from the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Abdurrab, the program is supported by ongoing mentorship and systematic evaluations using surveys and interviews. This initiative underscores the potential for sustained impact through partnerships with schools, local health agencies, and community organizations. By enhancing awareness and encouraging the adoption of natural, sustainable practices, the program serves as a translational application of research findings, with the potential for scalability to other educational institutions and broader community settings.

Siti Rochmaedah; Trysna Ayu Sukardi; Syahfitrah Umamity

Jurnal Pengabdian dan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat 2025 Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

Adolescence is an important period for reproductive health because it is a period of behavioral formation, where at this time, teenagers begin to try new or challenging things, including in health behavior, one of which is free sex behavior. This free lifestyle behavior is greatly influenced by a correct understanding of adolescent reproductive health. The impact that can occur due to free sex behavior is early pregnancy or Unwanted Pregnancy. Adolescent pregnancy is one of the health problems that requires serious attention so that efforts are needed to increase awareness of reproductive health for all teenagers. The purpose of this community service is to increase the knowledge of teenagers at MAN Seram Bagian Barat about reproductive health and increase adolescent awareness in preventing early pregnancy. The method used is to provide education to teenagers at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Seram Bagian Barat. Teenagers are very enthusiastic about this activity by asking various questions and the active discussion makes teenagers more enthusiastic. The final result is that 26 teenagers have good knowledge after being given education, from previously only 11 teenagers. The conclusion is that teenagers understand how to prevent early pregnancy in teenagers at MAN Seram Bagian Barat. It is hoped that good knowledge will prevent teenagers from engaging in free sex behavior that can result in pregnancy at a young age.

St. Malka; Mutmainnah, Mutmainnah

Compromise Journal : Community Proffesional Service Journal 2025 LPPM STIKES KESETIAKAWANAN SOSIAL INDONESIA

Dismenorea yaitu keadaan nyeri saat haid, dan biasanya ditandai dengan rasa kram  pada bagian perut bagian bawah, Keluhan nyeri saat haid amat bervariasi mulai dari ringan hingga berat, nyeri saat haid juga menjadi salah satu penyebab terganggunya kegiatan beraktivitas pada remaja putri. Setiap remaja yang mengalami menstruasi merupakan tahap penting dalam perkembangan pubertas mereka. Ketika menstruasi akan muncul beberapa gejala seperti kram perut atau dismenorea. Dismenorhea itu sendiri merupakan suatu ganguan fisik yang dialami oleh setiap wanita menstruasi berupa gangguan nyeri atau kram perut. Oleh karena itu remaja putri harus mempunyai kemampuan dan pengetahuan dalam mengatasi nyeri haid tersebut. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka perlu adanya suatu upaya untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kemampuan remaja dalam mengatasi nyeri menstruasi. Selain itu juga diperlukan kegiatan senam yang dapat membantu remaja dalam mengurangi tingkat nyeri menstruasi yang dialami. Dengan melakukan kegiatan penyuliuhan, remaja dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan mereka dalam mengatasi nyeri menstruasi. Selain penyuluhan dibutuhkan juga pelatihan senam dismenorea.    

Zeny Dermawan; Sri Sertiatjahjati; Mugi Mugi

Compromise Journal : Community Proffesional Service Journal 2025 LPPM STIKES KESETIAKAWANAN SOSIAL INDONESIA

Adult and adolescent women generally experience the gynecological condition of dysmenorrhea which causes discomfort during daily physical activities. Improper treatment of menstrual cramps can cause more serious problems, such as prolonged pain and even the development of new diseases due to side effects of the drugs used. The aim of this research is to determine the behavior of choosing drugs which is influenced by the level of knowledge about dysmenorrhea medication among young women in a junior high school in Bengkulu Province. This type of research uses descriptive quantitative with a cross sectional approach with variables of knowledge and self-medication behavior for dysmenorrhea. Data were collected using a purposive sampling technique with the Slovin formula for 60 samples from a population of 71 and a confidence level of 95%. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire which had previously been tested for validity and reliability. The results showed that in handling dysmenorrhea, 3.3% of teenagers did not take medication, 35% used chemical drugs, 61.6% used traditional drugs. The knowledge level measurement is 86% which is classified as good and the behavior level is classified as positive >15. It can be concluded that young women tend to choose traditional medicine as self-medication for treating dysmenorrhea.

Lina Eta Safitri; Putri Adekayanti; Meliana Fitri; Ovi Soviya

Jurnal Nusantara Berbakti 2025 Universitas Kristen Indonesia Toraja

Adolescent mental health is an increasingly pressing issue, especially in educational settings. At SMP Negeri 5 Sumbawa Besar, many teenagers face mental health challenges, such as anxiety and depression, which can affect their well-being. This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of peer group empowerment programs in improving adolescent mental health. Evaluation results showed a significant increase in students' knowledge about mental health after participating in the program, with more than 80% of students feeling more understanding about how to maintain mental health. In addition, this program successfully creates a supportive environment between peers that reduces feelings of loneliness and increases students' self-confidence. Thus, peer group empowerment has proven to be effective in improving the mental health of teenagers at SMP Negeri 5 Sumbawa Besar, as well as making a positive contribution to social dynamics at school. It is hoped that this program can become a model for other schools in efforts to promote adolescent mental health.

Meliana Fitri; Lina Eta Safitri; Nur Arifatus Sholihah; Putri Adekayanti

Jurnal Nusantara Berbakti 2025 Universitas Kristen Indonesia Toraja

Personal hygiene is an action to maintain a person's cleanliness and health for physical and psychological well-being, lack of self-care is a condition where a person is unable to perform hygiene care for themselves. Based on the results of observations and interviews, information was obtained that students of SMPN 5 Sumbawa Besar did not understand about caring for a clean and healthy life and how to implement good Personal Hygiene. At the age of adolescence, school children need to be given education related to personal hygiene, but these students have never received such education, therefore based on the background above, the activity of providing personal hygiene education in improving PHBS was conveyed to the community, especially school teenagers. This community service aims to provide students with an understanding of the importance of maintaining personal hygiene in improving PHBS at SMPN 5 Sumbawa Besar. This activity is carried out through providing education using booklets and PPT related to the material presented, in the final stage students will be given a question and answer session, the results of the community service show that students' understanding before and after the provision of education and practice has increased and students are very enthusiastic in answering questions.

Asri Rima Oktavia; Miksa Denola Dusatri; Tesa Anggraini

Jurnal Publikasi Ilmu Psikologi. 2025 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Kesehatan Indonesia

The phenomenon of sleep difficulties is currently a major problem in adolescents. Several epidemiological studies have investigated the relationship between theoccurrence of sleep disturbances and anxiety disorders in the general population. This research was conducted with the aim of finding a significant positive relationship between sleep difficulties and anxiety disorders. The research method uses quantitative research with data analysis techniques using Pearson's Correlation and linearity assumption tests. The population in this study were teenagers in the Bukittinggi area with a total sample of 106 teenagers. The results of the linearity test showed a significant value of p > 0.05 and the resulting Pearson's r value was 0.532. The results of the analyses show that there is a significant positive relationship between anxiety disorders and difficulty sleeping, so that the hypothesis in this study can be stated as accepted.