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This study examines a critical perspective on the concept of rationality, which has long been regarded as the primary foundation of logical and objective decision-making. Using a qualitative approach through a literature study method, this research explores the integration of psychological, philosophical, and socio-cultural dimensions in understanding the limitations and complexities of human rationality. The findings reveal that rationality is not entirely neutral or free from bias. The psychological perspective highlights the influence of cognitive biases such as confirmation bias and anchoring effect, which often turn rationality into a justification for emotionally driven decisions. From a philosophical standpoint, David Hume’s argument that “reason is the slave of the passions” emphasizes the subordination of reason to emotion, while Horkheimer and Adorno reveal how modern rationality has evolved into an instrument of domination through ideologies of efficiency and control. In the socio-cultural dimension, rationality is shown to be non-universal, shaped by specific cultural and historical contexts, as exemplified by Max Weber’s concept of the “iron cage,” describing how individuals become trapped within bureaucratic systems of rationalization. The study concludes that classical rationality, characterized by its deterministic and calculative nature, is inherently bounded and insufficient to address the uncertainty and complexity of the modern world. Therefore, a new paradigm of rationality is needed—one that is integrative, reflective, and humanistic, combining logic with emotional, ethical, and social dimensions to produce decisions that are not only rational but also just and humane.

The family is the primary and primary environment that plays a crucial role in shaping a child's personality, emotional development, and psychological stability. Through the family, children receive love, a sense of security, and values ​​that form the basis for developing their identity. However, broken homes can disrupt a child's emotional balance and lead to childhood trauma that impacts them into adolescence. This study aims to understand the experiences of adolescents from broken homes in coping with childhood trauma and the process of building resilience. The method used was a qualitative approach with a descriptive research type. The study subjects consisted of three adolescents aged 20–23 who experienced broken families since childhood. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation, then analyzed using an interactive analysis model through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that childhood trauma emerged in the form of emotional, relational, physical, and existential trauma due to the loss of parental figures, conflict, emotional neglect, and verbal abuse. The impacts felt include low self-confidence, anxiety, mild depression, and difficulty relating to social relationships. Social support from extended family, friends, and the community has been shown to aid the recovery process and increase resilience. This study emphasizes the important role of parents, educators, and counselors in providing emotional support and a safe environment for adolescents from broken homes.

Adolescence is a transitional period marked by rapid physical, psychological, and social changes. During this time, hormonal growth occurs as a sign of puberty and the activation of reproductive organs, one of which is breast development. However, these changes can sometimes lead to breast abnormalities such as lumps, pain, or changes in shape that may indicate early signs of health problems. One of the most effective early detection efforts for breast abnormalities is Breast Self-Examination (BSE). This examination is important to be done regularly so that each individual, especially adolescent girls, can recognize the condition of their breasts early on. Unfortunately, many adolescent girls still do not know what BSE is or how to perform it correctly. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge and breast self-examination (BSE) behavior among female students at SMA Negeri 1 Krueng Barona Jaya, Aceh Besar District. This research was a quantitative study using an analytic cross-sectional design. Data collection was carried out on May 27, 2025, with a population of 30 female students from grades X and XI, selected using accidental sampling techniques. Data analysis using the Chi-Square test showed that there was no relationship between knowledge level and BSE behavior, with a p-value of 0.384 (p > 0.05). It is expected that parents and schools can improve adolescent girls’ knowledge about BSE as an effort for prevention and early detection of possible breast abnormalities.  

This study aims to examine the relationship between family support and quality of life of patients with diabetes mellitus at the Srandakan Health Center, Bantul, Yogyakarta. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease that has a significant impact on the physical, psychological, social, and environmental aspects of the patient. The increasing prevalence of DM, especially in the elderly population in Indonesia, demands a more effective and holistic management strategy. Family support has an important role in improving self-care behaviors and adherence to treatment, which has a direct impact on patients' quality of life. This study uses a quantitative correlational analytical design with a cross-sectional approach. An independent variable is family support measured through informational, emotional, instrumental, and appreciative dimensions. Dependent variables are quality of life that include physical, psychological, social, and environmental aspects. The study population consisted of DM patients who visited the Srandakan Health Center. The results of the study are expected to show that supportive family involvement contributes positively to improving the quality of life of patients. These findings provide theoretical and practical implications for the development of nursing care and public health programs, particularly in the context of chronic diseases. This research also emphasizes the importance of comprehensive education and community participation in strengthening the role of the family as the main support system in the management of diabetes mellitus.

in today's increasingly competitive business environment organization face growing complexities, particlurly in sustaining employee productivity amif external pressure such as market competition and demands for innovation and internal issues, including employee well-being and leadership quality. productivity plays a pivotal role in organizational succser, shaping profitability, operational efficiency, and competitiveness. a key derminant is employee well being, with job stress frequently exerting a detrimental effect. prolonged increased absenteeism, thereby undermining organizational productivity. this study examines the effects of transformational egagement as a mediating variable, at PT Tigamas Mitra Selaras Gresik. The objective is to analysze how transformational leadership and kob stress, both directly and through the mediation of employee comprising the entire population (n=36) was employed; data were collected viar suvey and analyzed using partial least squares (PLS). the findings indicate that transformational leadership has a positive effect on productivity and employee engagement, whereas excessive kobn stress exarts a negative impact on both engagement and productivity. Moreocer, employee engagement signifianctly mediates the relationship between transfromational leadership and productivty and between job steess and productivty. the study recommends the development of transformational leadership and the impementation of robust stress-management strategies as critical avenues for enhancing productivity. accordingly, organizations should institute transformational leadership training to strengthen engagement and introduce stress-mnanagement initiatives grounded in psychological support and more collaborative work environment. this study offers practical constributions to human resource management praticulary importance of balancing insipirational leaderhsip with reduction of work-elected pressures.

This research was conducted at Malahayu 03 Elementary School, Brebes Regency. The objectives of this research are (1) To describe the impact of bullying on students' social interactions (2) To describe the factors that influence students' social interactions after experiencing bullying. This type of research uses Qualitative research using interview and Documentation techniques. Based on the results of research conducted through interviews, observations, and documentation at Malahayu 03 Elementary School, it can be concluded that bullying has a significant impact on students' social interactions, especially for victims. These impacts can be seen in the following aspects: (1) Emotional and psychological: Students who are victims of bullying show symptoms such as feelings of worthlessness, prolonged sadness, fear of expressing opinions, and experiencing pressure to be accepted by the group. (2) Decreased social interaction: Victims tend to be alone, avoid group activities, and withdraw from the social environment of the class. (3) Decrease in academic achievement: It was found that victims of bullying experienced a decline in academic grades and difficulty concentrating while studying, as a result of the mental pressure they experienced. (4) School environment: The existence of a culture of seniority and the lack of serious handling by the school towards perpetrators of bullying causes victims to feel increasingly unsafe.

The local cosmetics industry in Indonesia continues to grow rapidly and has become increasingly popular among Generation Z. However, the boycott issue against ESQA Cosmetics, triggered by a controversy involving one of its founders, has led to a decline in consumer trust. This study aims to examine the influence of social media marketing on purchase intention through brand trust in the case of ESQA Cosmetics. The research was conducted in Bali using a quantitative approach with an explanatory research design. Data were collected through an online questionnaire involving 110 Generation Z respondents who had never purchased ESQA products but had interacted with ESQA’s official social media account (@esqacosmetics). Data analysis was performed using SmartPLS with mediation testing to examine the relationships among variables. The results indicate that social media marketing has a positive and significant effect on purchase intention through brand trust, suggesting that the effectiveness of social media strategies can strengthen brand trust and ultimately increase consumer purchase intention. This finding highlights that brand trust serves as a key psychological mechanism linking social media marketing to purchase behavior. The study recommends that ESQA Cosmetics enhance interaction and transparency in its social media communication, provide prompt responses to consumers, and emphasize the authenticity and benefits of its products to rebuild trust and strengthen purchase intention following the boycott issue.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a chronic condition that not only impacts reproductive and metabolic functions, but also has a major impact on the mental health of women who experience it. This study aims to explore the factors that affect mental health in women with PCOS through a biopsychosocial approach. The method used was a review of the narrative literature on 11 scientific articles obtained through Google Scholar. The results of the study show that there are three main dimensions that are interrelated, namely biological factors (insulin resistance, obesity, hyperandrogenism, menstrual disorders, and infertility), psychological factors (neuroticism, coping style, and body image), and social factors (social stigma and social support). These three dimensions interact in a complex way and can contribute to the appearance of psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem. Therefore, a biopsychosocial approach is important to understand and treat the mental health of people with PCOS holistically. Interventions that are integrated between medical, psychological, and social aspects are needed to improve the emotional well-being and quality of life of women with PCOS in a sustainable manner.

The COVID-19 pandemic has served as a major catalyst in transforming work patterns and organizational culture across various sectors. This study aims to provide an in-depth description of changes in work culture after the pandemic using a qualitative descriptive method. Data were collected through literature reviews from scientific journals, books, and relevant research reports. The results show that the pandemic triggered significant transformations in organizational work systems, particularly through the adoption of flexible work models such as work from home (WFH) and hybrid working. This shift was accompanied by an increased reliance on digital technology as the primary tool for coordination, communication, and performance evaluation. In addition to systemic changes, the pandemic fostered new organizational values such as flexibility, empathy, trust, and work-life balance. Human-centered leadership has become increasingly vital for maintaining employee motivation and psychological well-being. In the context of human resource management, recruitment, training, and performance evaluation have become more result-oriented, emphasizing actual contributions rather than physical presence.  

The phenomena of stigmata and divine apparitions represent profound religious experiences that demonstrate the dynamic relationship between faith, body, and consciousness. Through a phenomenological-theological approach and literature review, this study examines how these extraordinary events reflect the spiritual and psychological dimensions of faith. The results demonstrate that stigmata and apparitions are not simply supernatural phenomena, but existential encounters that express human participation in the suffering and presence of Christ. Phenomenological reflection affirms that faith is lived through bodily awareness, not merely understood conceptually. This study emphasizes the importance of discernment and theological interpretation of the church so that extreme religious experiences deepen authentic spirituality, rather than giving rise to superstition. Understanding stigmata and apparitions as transcendental experiences that transcend worldly limitations requires an openness to assess these phenomena in light of the doctrines of Christian faith. Furthermore, this study explores how these experiences contribute to the development of personal and church community spirituality and open up space for deeper reflection on the human relationship with God. Ultimately, this study bridges phenomenology and theology, demonstrating that divine experiences enrich the Christian understanding of the incarnation, suffering, and grace of God present in human existence.

This study aims to examine the influence of social media usage intensity on adolescents’ mental health in the digital era. Social media has become an essential part of teenagers’ lives as a means of communication, entertainment, and self-expression. However, excessive use can have negative impacts on psychological balance. This research employs a qualitative descriptive method through literature study, analyzing various journals, books, and relevant academic sources. The findings show that the higher the intensity of social media use, the greater the risk of mental health issues such as stress, anxiety, and depression. Conversely, wise and productive use can provide positive benefits, including increased self-confidence and social support. Therefore, maintaining balance in social media usage, along with the active roles of families and schools, is crucial for preserving adolescents’ mental well-being in the digital age.

This study examines postpartum nursing care for mothers undergoing Sectio Caesarea (SC) with the primary nursing diagnosis of ineffective breastfeeding. The purpose is to evaluate the effectiveness of oxytocin massage intervention in improving breastfeeding outcomes in post-SC mothers. The study was conducted in Mawar Ward, RSUD dr. H. Soewondo Kendal, involving four patients experiencing delayed lactation, difficulty in baby latching, and psychological challenges such as anxiety and lack of confidence. The intervention was based on the Indonesian Nursing Intervention Standards (SIKI), focusing on observation, therapeutic actions, education, and collaboration with healthcare teams and family members. Oxytocin massage was performed 2–3 times daily, complemented by warm compresses, breastfeeding position training, and emotional support. The results indicated significant improvements: increased breast milk production, better baby latching, reduced maternal anxiety, and higher self-confidence in breastfeeding. This evidence-based approach highlights that comprehensive postpartum nursing care—integrating physical, psychological, and family support—plays a crucial role in ensuring breastfeeding success and overall maternal recovery after SC.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease that not only causes physical disorders, but also has an impact on the patient's psychological condition, especially increased stress levels. Unmanaged stress can worsen medical conditions, decrease adherence to treatment, and negatively impact the patient's quality of life. Social support is known to have an important role as a protective factor in helping patients cope with psychological burden. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between social support and stress levels in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. The research design used was descriptive correlation with a cross-sectional approach, involving [number of respondents] patients selected with the [mention sampling technique]. The research instrument used a validated social support questionnaire and stress scale. The data were analyzed by the Pearson/Spearman correlation test according to the data distribution. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between social support and stress levels in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (p < 0.05), with a negative correlation direction, which means that the higher the social support received by the patient, the lower the level of stress experienced. These findings confirm the importance of the role of family, health workers, and the social environment in supporting patients to manage stress and improve quality of life. This study recommends the need for social support-based interventions in diabetes management programs in health services.

Postpartum anxiety is a psychological problem that often occurs after childbirth and can have a direct impact on decreased breast milk production. Non-pharmacological efforts that can help overcome this are Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique (SEFT) therapy and Endorphin, Oxytocin, and Suggestive Massage Stimulation (SPEOS). This community service activity aims to improve comfort, calmness, and increase breast milk production through the application of a combination of SEFT and SPEOS therapy to postpartum mothers in the Sambau Community Health Center, Batam City. The activity method is carried out through education, demonstrations, and direct practice with postpartum mothers given to 48 postpartum mothers. The results of the activity showed an increase in mothers' knowledge about SEFT and SPEOS relaxation techniques, about managing anxiety, and how to increase breast milk production as obtained from the results of qualitative evaluations through interviews and group discussions. This activity received a positive response from participants and local health workers, and is recommended for routine implementation in community midwifery services.

Particularly in the context of Christian Religious Education, the question of children's spiritual growth and development is a critical component in the process of character formation, resulting in a holistic personality. Children benefit greatly from the use of Christian Religious Education psychology since it helps them comprehend the importance of faith, morality, and spirituality in a way that is suitable for their stage of psychological development. Data for this study were gathered by analyzing a variety of pertinent literature sources that were linked to the research issue. The author used a qualitative method in conjunction with a library research methodology. The purpose of this study is to examine how Christian Religious Education psychology concepts might be applied to improve children's spiritual development in the smallest social settings the family, school, and church.The study's end findings show that using Christian Religious Education psychology helps kids become more aware of the principles of their faith, behave in ways that emphasize love, behave responsibly, and have a positive relationship with God. It is anticipated that this study will improve the analytical abilities of church ministers, particularly those who specialize in children's ministry, parents of children, and educators who use it as a teaching tool. It is acceptable and effective for the demands of children's spiritual growth and development when a mature and proper technique is used.

This study aims to comprehensively analyze the role of tax consultants in improving taxpayer compliance with the Value Added Tax (VAT) rate increase policy from 11% to 12%, which will take effect in 2025. The research adopts attribution theory to explore how professional assistance can influence taxpayers’ perception and behavioral shifts toward compliance. A descriptive qualitative method was employed, with data collected through literature studies, participatory observation, and semi-structured interviews involving one tax consultant and two taxpayers who received VAT reporting assistance. The findings reveal that the role of tax consultants extends beyond administrative functions. They not only assist in technical adjustments such as Coretax system configuration and Periodic VAT Return reporting but also play a crucial role in fostering fiscal awareness through educational and psychological approaches. Empirically, consultant assistance improved clients’ reporting timeliness from 68% to 91% and reduced tax invoice errors by 27% within a three-month mentoring period. Moreover, consultants contributed to shifting taxpayers’ attribution from external factors—such as blaming the system or regulations—to internal factors, including personal awareness and responsibility. These results demonstrate that the presence of tax consultants strengthens both formal and material compliance, leading to sustainable, awareness-based tax behavior. Therefore, tax consultants serve as catalysts for behavioral transformation and play a strategic role in shaping an adaptive fiscal culture amid dynamic taxation policy changes in Indonesia.

This  study investigates  the  influence  of  verbal  bullying  on  the  interpersonal  mental  condition  of  students  at  SDI  Harekakae.  Verbal  bullying  refers  to  aggressive  behavior  involving  harsh  words,  insults,  or  threats  that  may  negatively  affect  a  student’s  psychological  well-being.  A  quantitative  method  with  a  correlational  design  was  used.  The  research  involved  320  students  selected  through  proportional  random  sampling.  Instrument  validity  and  reliability  were  confirmed,  with  a  Cronbach’s  Alpha  value  of  0.821,  indicating  strong  consistency.  Normality  testing  using  the  Shapiro-Wilk  method  showed  that  the  data  were  normally  distributed.  Pearson  correlation  analysis  showed  a  weak  and  statistically  insignificant  relationship  (r  =  0.143;  p  =  0.452)  between  verbal  bullying  and  interpersonal  mental  condition.  Although  the  t-test  resulted  in  a  p-value  of  0.032,  further  interpretation  indicated  no  significant  effect  of  the  independent  variable  on  the  dependent  variable.  These  findings  suggest  that  verbal  bullying  does  not  significantly  affect  students'  interpersonal  mental  health  and  highlight  the  importance  of  further  research  to  explore  other  contributing  factors.

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a common inflammatory condition of the oral mucosa characterized by round or oval ulcers with well-defined reddish borders and a shallow base covered by a grayish or yellowish fibrinous pseudomembrane. RAS is generally classified into three clinical types—minor, major, and herpetiform based on the size, number, and duration of the lesions. Several factors contribute to its occurrence, including bacterial infections such as Streptococcus sanguis, immune system dysfunctions, and nutritional deficiencies involving iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid. Other potential triggers include local trauma, hormonal or endocrine imbalances, psychological stress, and allergic reactions. Among these, anemia due to deficiencies in iron, folate, or vitamin B12 is considered an important etiopathogenic factor, although its exact role has not been fully clarified. The management of RAS primarily focuses on symptom relief, promoting faster ulcer healing, and preventing recurrence through both topical and systemic approaches. Effective treatment often includes improving nutritional intake, maintaining oral hygiene, and addressing underlying systemic or psychological conditions. Understanding the multifactorial causes of RAS is crucial in developing comprehensive strategies for prevention and long-term management of this recurrent oral lesion.

Sectio caesarean (SC) is a major surgical procedure performed to save the mother and baby when normal delivery is not possible. However, this procedure may cause postoperative complications such as impaired physical mobility due to pain, muscle weakness, and anesthesia effects. These limitations can delay the healing process, increase the risk of infection, and reduce the mother's self-care ability. One effective non-pharmacological intervention to accelerate recovery is early mobilization through Range of Motion (ROM) exercises. This case study aims to analyze the effectiveness of early mobilization (ROM) intervention on improving mobility and reducing pain in post-sectio caesarean mothers. The study was conducted in June 2025 at RSUD Kajen with three respondents who underwent SC for different obstetric indications (postterm, CPD, and severe preeclampsia). The research design used a descriptive case study with pre–post intervention approach. The results showed that after performing ROM exercises gradually from six hours post SC, pain intensity decreased from a scale of 7–8 to 1–3 within three days. Mobility ability improved from only being able to turn sideways to sitting and walking with assistance. Respondents also showed increased motivation and independence in self-care activities. In conclusion, early mobilization (ROM) intervention is effective in accelerating recovery for post-sectio caesarean mothers. This intervention helps reduce pain, improve circulation, strengthen muscles, and enhance psychological adaptation. Early mobilization should be applied as part of routine nursing interventions in the postpartum ward.

The surgery often causes anxiety, which has an impact on physical and psychological conditions of preoperative patients. The data from WHO shows that 50% patients all over the world experienced anxiety, where 5-25% patients are between 5 and 20 years old, and 50% patients are 55 years old. Pre-operational anxiety reaches 534 million patients. Many factors affect anxiety in patients, including family support. This study aims to acknowledge the correlation between family support and anxiety of post-surgery patients in Meuraxa Regional General Hospital, Banda Aceh. This study employs an analytical correlational method with a cross-sectional approach by involving 51 patients selected using an accidental sampling technique. A family support questionnaire is adopted from Nurwulan, with a Cronbach's alpha 0.856. The questionnaire of anxiety using the APAIS scale of Cronbach's alpha 0.825. Univariate and bivariate analysis using the chi-square test. The results indicate that among 51 respondents, the level of anxiety is in a medium state, as 26 respondents (51.0%), family support is in the high category, 47 respondents (92.2%), with a P-value 0.026 (P-value < 0.05). In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between family support and preoperative anxiety at Meuraxa General Hospital Banda Aceh. Families are expected to continuously provide emotional, informational, instrumental, and appraisal support so that patients feel calmer, are able to reduce excessive anxiety, and are better prepared to undergo surgery.