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Attendance is an essential component of school management that serves as both proof of presence and a basis for evaluating the discipline of teachers, students, and staff. The manual attendance system that is still widely used often leads to several issues, such as delayed data recapitulation, potential attendance manipulation, and low recording accuracy. This study aims to design and develop a web-based attendance application at SD Negeri 19 Pasar Cubadak by integrating geolocation, timestamp, and face recognition features as attendance validation tools. The research method employed is the Research and Development (R&D) approach using the Waterfall software development model, which includes the stages of requirements analysis, system design, implementation, and testing. The application was developed using the Laravel framework with PHP and JavaScript programming languages and a MySQL database. The results show that the web-based attendance application can record attendance in real-time, automatically validate user location and identity, and generate accurate and transparent attendance reports. The User Acceptance Test (UAT) results indicate that the system is user-friendly, improves recapitulation efficiency, and assists the principal in objectively monitoring school members’ discipline. Therefore, this application is expected to serve as a modern solution to enhance the effectiveness of attendance administration in primary education environments.

This study is entitled Community-Based Non-Formal Education Model of PERMAI Guidance Center for Indonesian Immigrant Children in Penang, Malaysia. This center is an educational facility for Indonesian immigrant children in Malaysia who do not have official citizenship documents. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. The purpose of this study is to determine the education model used by the PERMAI Guidance Center as a community-based non-formal education institution for Indonesian immigrant children in Malaysia. The theory used in this study is the concept of Community-Based Non-Formal Education (PBK). The results of the study show that the educational curriculum used by the PERMAI Guidance Center is the Equivalency Education Curriculum (Packages A, B, and C). This curriculum is a non-formal education system equivalent to formal education (Package A is equivalent to elementary school, Package B is equivalent to junior high school, and Package C is equivalent to high school) recognized by the Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia. The adoption of this curriculum is the main pillar for providing legitimacy and recognition of the education received by immigrant children at the PERMAI Guidance Center. Meanwhile, the education model used reflects the theory of transnationalism. This is manifested in two key aspects, namely the preservation of identity and the curriculum of the country of origin, as well as functional needs in the host country.

This community service activity stems from a core challenge faced by Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Semarang City: the difficulty in consistently producing high-quality promotional visual content, primarily due to budget constraints and the lack of professional design skills. This condition severely hampers their competitiveness in the digital marketplace. The main goal of this activity was to enhance the technical capability of MSME participants in using Gemini AI as a multimodal model to generate professional, ready-to-use visual assets, thereby achieving significant cost and time production efficiency. The solution offered was a hands-on training focusing on Prompt Engineering defined as the art of formulating detailed commands to control the AI's output. The activity was conducted through an intensive workshop and case study mentorship for 25 MSME actors. The evaluation results demonstrated a highly significant increase in competence. The participants' average cognitive score drastically rose from 48.5% on the pre-test to 87.9% on the post-test, proving the successful mastery of Prompt Engineering. Applied results showed that participants were able to produce product visual assets with an average quality of 87.5%. Participant satisfaction reached 95.0%, especially concerning the indicators of cost and time efficiency. This activity successfully democratized design, empowering MSMEs to be self-sufficient in content production, and tangibly strengthening their brand identity and competitiveness across digital platforms.

This study explores teachers’ perceptions of the importance of the Indonesian language in developing communication skills among early childhood learners. As a national language and medium of unity, Indonesian plays a strategic role in children’s linguistic and social growth. The research applied a qualitative descriptive design, using interviews, observations, and documentation with teachers at TK Ar-Raudah in Banjar Regency. Findings reveal that teachers perceive Indonesian as a crucial foundation for enhancing children’s speaking, comprehension, and expressive abilities. The language also supports children’s confidence and social interaction in learning contexts. However, challenges remain, such as the dominance of regional languages and limited teaching resources. Teachers employ strategies combining local and Indonesian languages to build comprehension and comfort. The study concludes that systematic use of Indonesian from early childhood fosters better communication competence and strengthens national identity. Enhancing teacher training and parental involvement is recommended to optimize Indonesian language development in early childhood education.

This research discusses the phenomenon of social organizations (ormas) in Indonesia from a legal perspective and the challenges of democracy. The freedom of association guarantyd by Article 28E paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution serves as the legal basis for the existence of social organizations, which are further regulated by Law Number 17 of 2013 and Law Number 16 of 2017. Regulatory changes, particularly the government's authority to dissolve mass organizations without judicial process, have sparked a debate between the need to maintain public order and the guaranty of the principle of due process of law. The research method used is normative juridical with a legislative and conceptual approach, supported by a literature study from primary and secondary legal materials. The study results show that although mass organizations have great potential in strengthening democracy, challenges such as identity politics, radicalism, lack of funding transparency, and state power abuse against mass organizations still pose major obstacles. Therefore, balanced legal regulations, transparent oversight, and enhanced democratic literacy are needed to ensure that the role of social organizations remains in line with the principles of the rule of law and Pancasila democracy.  

This study aims to analyse the strategies implemented by Kopi Kenangan MSMEs, particularly the branch at Jl. Pancing No. 184 Medan, in facing the challenges of globalisation and penetrating the international market. The method used is a case study with a descriptive qualitative approach through interviews, observations, and documentation. The results of the study show that Kopi Kenangan is well prepared to compete in the global market through strengthening internal management, utilising digital technology, and building a brand image based on Indonesian coffee identity. The expansion strategies implemented include selecting markets with cultural proximity, adapting products to local preferences, and collaborating with international partners. The main obstacles faced include competition with global brands, differences in consumer tastes, financial constraints, and export regulations. However, business opportunities remain wide open in line with the increasing global coffee consumption trend, interest in authentic local products, and government support in promoting and facilitating MSMEs. This study concludes that the success of MSME internationalisation is largely determined by the synergy between internal company quality, digitalisation, partnership networks, and external support from the government.

The digital transformation era requires university students to develop digital literacy competencies that not only support academic activities but also serve as essential capital for entering the workforce and pursuing entrepreneurship. One relevant professional platform to enhance career readiness is LinkedIn, which serves as a medium for both personal branding and professional networking. This community service aimed to improve students’ digital literacy and career readiness through mentoring sessions on LinkedIn account optimization. The program involved the students from the English Education (TBI) and Physics Education (TFS) study programs at the Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training, UIN Palangka Raya, comprising prospective teachers and professionals across various disciplines. The implementation was carried out through tutorials and direct mentoring in two sessions, covering account creation, developing professional headlines and summaries, adding skills and experiences, and uploading simple portfolios. The results indicated that all participants successfully created or improved their LinkedIn profiles, actively engaged in the activities, and demonstrated a greater awareness of the importance of a professional digital identity, which can be seen from the students’ participation, the quality of the profiles produced, and their commitment to continuously developing their LinkedIn accounts. The program highlights LinkedIn’s strategic role in strengthening digital literacy and career readiness among university students in the global era.

This study analyzes the potential of the traditional performing art Cupak Gurantang in supporting cultural tourism in West Nusa Tenggara (NTB), Indonesia. Cupak Gurantang is a distinctive folk theater from Lombok that conveys moral and social values through the conflict between Cupak, a cunning character, and Gerantang, an honest one. Through this narrative, the performance functions not only as entertainment but also as a medium for moral education within the community. The study employs a descriptive qualitative approach using interviews, observations, documentation, and literature review as data collection methods. Analysis is conducted through a SWOT method and a participatory approach to explore the cultural functions, preservation challenges, and development strategies. The findings indicate that Cupak Gurantang plays a significant role in preserving local cultural identity and strengthening moral values among society. However, several challenges persist, including limited regeneration of young performers, financial constraints, and the marginalization of traditional arts within a tourism sector that tends to prioritize natural attractions. The study recommends community empowerment, youth training, innovative performance presentations, and the use of digital promotion and integration into cultural tourism packages. With these strategies, Cupak Gurantang holds substantial potential to become a sustainable cultural tourism attraction in West Nusa Tenggara.

Female puppeteers often face various obstacles in their personal and professional development due to the limitations imposed by social constructs, which dictate that female puppeteers must resemble their male counterparts in terms of style, technique, and character. In this context, gender becomes a barrier that hinders women from fully expressing their identity and creativity freely within the world of wayang (traditional Javanese puppetry). As a result, few women dare to develop their personal perspectives and thoughts into artistic works. In fact, women possess great opportunities and significant potential to create and cultivate wayang literature in innovative and meaningful ways. Amidst these challenges and prevailing stereotypes, Nyi Lucia Siti Aminah Subanto remains consistently active in her creative pursuits, particularly in the development of wayang wahyu (a type of Christian-themed wayang). Her distinctive style and artistic approach greatly contribute to her presence in the world of puppetry and radio media. This study examines gender roles, the characteristics of her pakeliran (performance), and her contributions to the Wayang Wahyu community “Ngajab Rahayu,” using theories by Kamla Bhasin, Sunuh, Robbins, and Gibson.

This study aims to analyze the influence of self-efficacy and job characteristics on the job satisfaction of freelance photographers in Surabaya. The background of this research is based on the growth of the gig economy, which has encouraged the emergence of independent work patterns where workers have the freedom to manage their own time, methods, and projects. However, this freelance work system also presents various challenges, such as project uncertainty, fluctuating workloads, and limited structured support or evaluation. In the context of freelance photography, these dynamics are particularly evident, as the work demands not only creativity but also managerial skills to organize work processes independently. This study employs a quantitative approach using a survey method with questionnaires distributed to 100 freelance photographers selected through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) method. The results indicate that self-efficacy and job characteristics significantly contribute to shaping job satisfaction. Strong self-efficacy particularly previous work experience enhances freelancers’ confidence in facing challenges, while clear job characteristics, especially in terms of task identity, make them feel more directed, valued, and satisfied with their work. These findings emphasize the importance of both internal and external factors in determining job satisfaction and provide theoretical as well as practical contributions to the management of freelance workers in the creative sector, particularly in designing adaptive work strategies in the digital economy era.

This study examines the stages of the mangain tradition in marriages between the Toba Batak and Karo ethnic groups in Pintu Angin Village and examines the importance of clans (marga) within the Toba Batak ethnic group. This study employed a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collection techniques including interviews, observation, and documentation. The results of this study demonstrate that the mangain tradition must be applied to marriages between the Toba Batak and Karo ethnic groups. For the Toba Batak community, clans are a vital identity, and interethnic marriages clearly hold a place within the Toba Batak traditional institution, the Dalihan Na Tolu structure. However, the mangain tradition also serves as a gateway for people outside the Toba Batak ethnic group to join the Toba Batak community. Furthermore, the Pintu Angin Village community supports this tradition as a cultural heritage that must be upheld. The mangain process is also seen as maintaining the dignity of Toba Batak customs and demonstrating mutual respect between ethnic groups.

Optimizing Branding and Digital Marketing as an urgent solution for local MSMEs, particularly Rengginang producer Ibu Saliem in Dolok Kahean Village. This MSME was previously limited to traditional marketing, which hampered market expansion and competitiveness. This community service aims to transform this local business to be competitive in the digital era. The method used is descriptive qualitative with stages of observation, socialization, and program implementation. The main intervention includes the creation of the Rengginang Huta brand identity with a professional logo design. This new logo combines elements of the business's heritage since 1989 and integrated contact information, which strategically increases the selling value and credibility of the product. The second pillar is the implementation of Digital Marketing through the creation of the Instagram account @rengginanghuta_ibusaliem. This account serves as a virtual storefront to overcome geographical limitations and increase reach to a wider consumer base. Intensive training was also provided on content strategies that focus on credibility, sales (Call to Action), and interaction. The results of this community service confirm that the integration of strong and authentic branding with digital marketing strategies is a key catalyst for MSMEs to transform and increase sales turnover. The next challenge lies in the sustainability of content strategies and independent account management by MSMEs to achieve optimal economic potential for Dolok Kahean Village.

This study reports on an Independent Community Service Program (KKN Mandiri) conducted in Dusun Betu Raja 3, aimed at strengthening Islamic awareness through community-based educational activities. The program focused on two main initiatives: parenting dialogues with mothers, emphasizing child-rearing practices in line with Islamic values, and interactive sessions with children that introduced moral lessons from the stories of the prophets. Using participatory methods such as discussions, interactive lectures, and storytelling, the activities encouraged active engagement and created a supportive learning environment. Findings indicate that mothers gained a deeper understanding of the significance of Islamic parenting in shaping children’s moral character, while children demonstrated enthusiasm in listening to and applying the values embedded in prophetic stories. The program highlights the effectiveness of dialogical and narrative-based approaches in promoting religious awareness within rural communities. Overall, this initiative contributes not only to the development of individual family practices but also to the collective strengthening of Islamic identity in village life.

This study aims to analyze the transformation of promotional strategies among Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Suka Makmur Village after utilizing Google Maps as a digital marketing platform. The research focuses on identifying changes in promotional approaches, MSME owners’ perceptions of the effectiveness of Google Maps, and its impact on business visibility and sales performance. The study employed a participatory approach through the Community Service Program (KKN), consisting of several stages, including surveys, socialization, training, and direct mentoring. The research subjects comprised three MSMEs: Seblak Prasmanan, Warung Kopi, and Rumah Jajan By Nisa. The findings indicate that, prior to the intervention, promotional activities were predominantly traditional and limited in reach. After adopting Google Maps, the businesses became more easily discoverable, received positive reviews, and successfully reached customers beyond the local area. This study concludes that the effective use of Google Maps enhances the digital identity of MSMEs, broadens market reach, strengthens competitiveness, and contributes to the local economic growth of Suka Makmur Village.

The findings of this study reveal that the GoFood advertisement titled “Breaking News” and the GrabFood advertisement “Hematematika” serve not only as promotional tools but also as media that shape consumer mindsets and behavior. Both advertisements strategically employ language, narrative, and structure to highlight the ideas of efficiency and modernity, which align with the demands of contemporary digital society. The GoFood advertisement presents a serious narrative that emphasizes economic issues, while GrabFood adopts a humorous approach and wordplay to establish a lighter and more entertaining connection with the audience. This analysis was conducted using a descriptive qualitative approach by examining video advertisements on YouTube, with a particular focus on persuasive language and visual representation. In this sense, advertisements are understood not merely as marketing strategies, but as communicative practices embedded with ideology. Through the messages they convey, the ads promote values of efficiency, frugality, and modernity, which ultimately influence the construction of consumer identity and behavior. The study applies Norman Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis framework, which consists of textual analysis, discursive practice, and socio-cultural context. This approach allows researchers to explore how language in advertisements contributes to the construction of social reality, communicates particular perspectives, and encourages audiences to respond actively.

Family businesses are not only viewed as sources of economic profit but also as inheritances carrying historical and cultural values. This study focuses on the life meaning of the fourth-generation heir of Sate In Bur in Lima Puluh Kota Regency in continuing the family business that has existed for several decades. The purpose of this research is to explore the subjective meaning formed through the heir’s experiences in facing the challenges of maintaining a family enterprise. This study employs a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach to deeply understand the reality experienced by the subject. The research subject was selected purposively based on the criterion of being an active heir currently managing the business. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and documentation, then analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña. The findings reveal five main themes: facing declining income due to market competition, expanding business reach through innovation and digital promotion, strengthening business continuity as a moral responsibility to the family, preserving culinary heritage and local culture, and improving product quality to maintain customer loyalty. These findings indicate that the heir’s life meaning is not solely oriented toward economic aspects but also encompasses family values, cultural identity, and social responsibility in sustaining the longevity of the family business.

This article is a literature review that examines Paul Ricoeur’s concept of narrative identity and its relevance to education. Ricoeur conceives human identity as a dynamic construction shaped through narrative, namely the reflective interpretation of life experiences within the dimensions of time, social relations, and self-awareness. In this framework, education is not merely understood as a means of knowledge transmission but also as a hermeneutical space where learners construct an understanding of themselves through experience, reflection, and dialogue. Narrative enables students to coherently connect the past, present, and future, while simultaneously cultivating character, responsibility, and empathy. This article highlights the importance of narrative-based learning strategies, such as case studies, autobiographical writing, analysis of literary and historical texts, and project-based learning. Through these approaches, students are encouraged to develop a reflective and ethical identity that is open to diversity. Thus, Ricoeur’s thought provides a strong philosophical foundation for building humanistic character education in which learners are positioned as subjects who grow and transform through their own life stories.

This study examines youth slang (Jugendsprache) in the film Into the Beat (2020) through semantic and morphological approaches. The background of the research is based on the phenomenon of youth language development, which is dynamic, creative, and rich in socio-cultural meaning, yet often difficult for foreign speakers to understand. Youth language is chosen as the object of study because it reflects identity, group solidarity, and the communicative creativity of young people, and frequently appears in media, particularly films. The theoretical framework refers to experts’ perspectives on the characteristics of youth language, including the use of Anglicisms, abbreviations, metaphorization, and the formation of neologisms. The research method applied is descriptive qualitative, with data sources taken from the dialogues and subtitles of the film Into the Beat. The analysis is carried out based on Helmut Henne’s theory of youth language characteristics. The results reveal that youth slang in the film functions not only as a means of communication but also as a medium of emotional expression, lifestyle, and identity construction among German adolescents. Vocabulary such as alter, bro, krass, cool, and scheiße demonstrates creativity in morphological processes, including abbreviation, prefixation, and borrowing from foreign languages. The study concludes that youth slang plays an essential role in shaping characters, inter-character relationships, and the authenticity of the storyline. Furthermore, youth language reflects the evolving cultural and social dynamics of adolescents. This research is expected to contribute to linguistic studies, particularly semantics, and to serve as a valuable resource in German language learning by expanding vocabulary and fostering an understanding of authentic communication patterns among German teenagers.

The amendment of the 1945 Constitution of Indonesia is a crucial legal and political mechanism within the dynamics of constitutional law. An amendment is understood as an adjustment of constitutional norms to remain relevant with changing times while preserving the state’s fundamental identity. Unlike a constitutional replacement, which is comprehensive and signifies the birth of a new constitutional order, amendments are partial and limited. Article 37 of the 1945 Constitution sets out strict procedures, including requirements for proposal, quorum, and substantive limitations that cannot be altered, namely the form of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. This mechanism prevents arbitrary changes and safeguards legal and political stability. The 1999–2002 amendments demonstrate that the Constitution can be improved without disrupting national continuity. Therefore, amendments are viewed as an evolutionary form of constitutional reform, while replacement signifies radical change. This analysis highlights that the amendment procedure of the 1945 Constitution is designed to balance the need for flexibility with constitutional stability in Indonesia.

This research is entitled "The Role of Si'o in Nias Traditional Marriage in Marindal I Village, Patumbak District, Deli Sedang Regency". The purpose of this research is to describe the duties and roles carried out by a Si'o in a series of Nias traditional marriage processions in Marindal 1 Village, and to identify and analyze the obstacles or challenges faced by a Si'o in carrying out his duties in the Nias traditional marriage procession in Marindal 1 Village. The method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The results of the study show that Si'o plays a central role as a traditional figure who is responsible for bridging communication between two families. Si'o is not just an ordinary spokesperson, but an official representative of the family, especially from the male side, who has full responsibility to convey intentions, organize the handover of traditional symbols, and ensure that all stages of the traditional procession run in an orderly, sacred, and in accordance with the rules that have been passed down from generation to generation. To ensure the continued role of the Si'o in the future, efforts to preserve traditional customs are needed through several key steps, such as involving the younger generation in every traditional ceremony and utilizing modern technology, such as video documentation and digital media. This research utilizes Max Weber's leadership theory, specifically traditional leadership styles. The role of the Si'o is a concrete form of authority derived from cultural legitimacy. This research aims to understand the dynamics of wedding traditions in Nias. By examining the role of the Si'o, this research provides new insights into how customs adapt to the modern context and their impact on cultural identity.