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Early character education plays a fundamental role in shaping a generation that is not only intelligent but also physically healthy, emotionally balanced, and morally responsible. The cultivation of these values from an early age is crucial to equip children with the resilience needed to face various social challenges in the future. This community service activity was designed to increase awareness among elementary school students regarding three critical issues: the dangers of drug abuse, the practices of bullying, and the detrimental impact of corruption. The program was conducted at SDN 1 Citeluk with the participation of approximately 80 students from grades IV to VI. The educational materials were delivered through an interactive approach combining lectures, group discussions, role-playing, and quizzes. This approach was selected to ensure that the learning process was enjoyable, engaging, and easily understood by children at the elementary school level. During the sessions, students were introduced to the basic concepts of drugs, their harmful effects on health and life, and the importance of avoiding them. Additionally, the program emphasized identifying the various forms of bullying—whether physical, verbal, or social—and encouraged students to develop empathy and mutual respect. Another important aspect addressed was corruption, where students were guided to recognize the value of honesty and integrity through relatable examples in daily life. The results of the activity revealed that students were able to clearly understand the dangers of drugs, recognize the different forms of bullying, and provide examples of honest and moral behavior. This indicates that early character education delivered through interactive and participatory methods can effectively enhance children’s comprehension of healthy and moral values. It is expected that similar programs can be carried out sustainably in elementary school settings as part of continuous character-building efforts to support the development of a responsible and ethical young generation

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have long been recognized as a vital driver of economic growth, particularly in rural areas where access to large-scale industries is limited. In Dahu Village, the community relies on local products such as melinjo as one of the main sources of livelihood. However, despite the potential of melinjo-based products, business development has been constrained by limited innovation, low product diversification, and weak marketing strategies. These challenges hinder the competitiveness of local SMEs in wider markets, especially in appealing to younger consumers who often prefer modern and innovative products. To address these challenges, the 2025 Student Work Study Program (KKM) conducted by the University of Bina Bangsa implemented a community empowerment project aimed at enhancing the capacity of SMEs in the melinjo sector. The program introduced the development of an innovative product, namely chocolate-flavored keceprek, a melinjo-based snack with a unique taste and higher market value. The initiative not only focused on product innovation but also provided comprehensive support in production techniques, hygienic and attractive packaging, logo and banner design, as well as digital marketing strategies tailored to rural entrepreneurs. The results of the activity highlight that even a relatively simple innovation can significantly increase product appeal, improve branding, and create new market opportunities. Early feedback indicated that chocolate-flavored keceprek products successfully attracted interest from younger consumers, demonstrating the importance of innovation in maintaining the relevance of traditional products. Furthermore, the project functioned as a collaborative platform where students and local communities worked together in applying entrepreneurial concepts to local potential. This synergy not only contributed to improving the competitiveness of SMEs in Dahu Village but also encouraged sustainable economic development in rural areas through innovation, creativity, and digital-based marketing.

This study aims to describe the application of the Jigsaw Learning method in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning at SMP 3 Sendana and to identify the advantages and obstacles encountered during the learning process. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the application of the Jigsaw Learning method can increase student activeness, strengthen group cooperation, and help understand the material more deeply and comprehensively. In this activity, students not only act as recipients of information from the teacher, but also as conveyors of material to their group mates. The process of sharing information between members encourages students to be more active in seeking out, understanding, and explaining the concepts being studied. In addition, this method also creates a collaborative and enjoyable learning atmosphere, due to the positive social interactions between students. This can increase a sense of responsibility and concern for the success of the group. However, in its implementation, several obstacles were found that require attention. Some of these include limited study time within the available lesson hours, inequality in contributions between group members which sometimes results in an uneven workload, and a lack of student readiness to understand the material independently before the group discussion process takes place. Despite the challenges, these obstacles can be minimized through effective classroom management, such as balanced group division, motivation, and intensive teacher support throughout the learning process. With the right strategy, Jigsaw Learning remains an effective and relevant method for Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning, as it encourages the achievement of learning objectives in a participatory, active, and enjoyable manner. Therefore, this method is a worthy alternative to cooperative learning that can improve the quality of religious education at the junior high school level.

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have long been recognized as a vital driver of economic growth, particularly in rural areas where access to large-scale industries is limited. In Dahu Village, the community relies on local products such as melinjo as one of the main sources of livelihood. However, despite the potential of melinjo-based products, business development has been constrained by limited innovation, low product diversification, and weak marketing strategies. These challenges hinder the competitiveness of local SMEs in wider markets, especially in appealing to younger consumers who often prefer modern and innovative products. To address these challenges, the 2025 Student Work Study Program (KKM) conducted by the University of Bina Bangsa implemented a community empowerment project aimed at enhancing the capacity of SMEs in the melinjo sector. The program introduced the development of an innovative product, namely chocolate-flavored keceprek, a melinjo-based snack with a unique taste and higher market value. The initiative not only focused on product innovation but also provided comprehensive support in production techniques, hygienic and attractive packaging, logo and banner design, as well as digital marketing strategies tailored to rural entrepreneurs. The results of the activity highlight that even a relatively simple innovation can significantly increase product appeal, improve branding, and create new market opportunities. Early feedback indicated that chocolate-flavored keceprek products successfully attracted interest from younger consumers, demonstrating the importance of innovation in maintaining the relevance of traditional products. Furthermore, the project functioned as a collaborative platform where students and local communities worked together in applying entrepreneurial concepts to local potential. This synergy not only contributed to improving the competitiveness of SMEs in Dahu Village but also encouraged sustainable economic development in rural areas through innovation, creativity, and digital-based marketing.

International trade involves cross-border buying and selling activities between countries, which in practice requires various transportation documents to ensure legal certainty and smooth operations. One of the main documents used is the Bill of Lading (Konosemen), which is a dated letter issued by the carrier as proof of receipt of goods to be transported to a certain destination and delivered to a specified recipient. The Bill of Lading has three essential functions: as a receipt of goods, as evidence of ownership, and as proof of a transportation contract. However, in practice, there are still frequent problems that hinder the optimal function of the Bill of Lading. One notable case is APL Co. Pte. Ltd. v. CV. Dua Sekawan Sejati, which involved discrepancies between the goods shipped and those stated in the Bill of Lading. This study adopts a normative juridical method by examining applicable legal provisions and theoretical concepts related to the law of contracts and transportation. The findings show that discrepancies between the goods shipped and those listed in the Bill of Lading constitute a breach of promise or default under Article 1320 of the Indonesian Civil Code. The Bill of Lading, in this case, serves as a legally binding transportation contract that obligates both parties to fulfill their respective responsibilities. Failure by one party to comply with the terms of the contract results in legal consequences in the form of claims for compensation by the aggrieved party. This research emphasizes the importance of accuracy and accountability in the issuance and use of Bills of Lading in international trade to avoid disputes and ensure legal certainty. Strengthening the regulation and enforcement of Bill of Lading functions is crucial for protecting the rights of parties engaged in cross-border trade.

This study aims to analyze cash management practices in Batik MSMEs in Cirebon Regency using a qualitative approach that combines direct observation and in-depth interviews with business owners. The study found that most Batik MSMEs still rely on manual cash management systems, which ultimately poses various challenges, particularly in terms of unstructured financial recording and minimal cash flow planning. This condition makes it difficult to communicate receipts and expenditures in real time, potentially leading to errors in fund management and disrupting business financial stability. Furthermore, the study revealed variations in cash receipt recording methods, such as daily or weekly recording, which are inconsistent across MSMEs. This impacts transparency and effective financial control. The lack of thorough cash flow planning also makes it difficult for business owners to deal with insufficient liquidity, especially when there is a surge in sales or sudden needs. As a result, some MSMEs experience problems meeting their payment obligations on time, including to suppliers and employees. The findings of this study highlight the importance of financial literacy education for Batik MSMEs so they can understand the basic concepts of cash management well. Furthermore, the use of digital technology, such as simple financial recording applications, is highly recommended to improve efficiency and accuracy in cash flow management. This technology implementation is expected to assist MSMEs in making more informed financial decisions and supporting the long-term sustainability of their businesses. Therefore, this study provides strategic recommendations for local governments and MSME support institutions to provide adequate training and technological facilities to strengthen financial management capacity in the batik MSME sector in Cirebon Regency.

This study aims to improve the ability to recognize geometry in children aged 5–6 years through the block game method at Nurul Muslimin Mosque Kindergarten. The research was conducted as Classroom Action Research (CAR) with a qualitative approach. The subjects of this study were children in group A at Nurul Muslimin Mosque Kindergarten, with research carried out collaboratively between researchers, teachers, and the principal. The procedure followed a systematic design consisting of two cycles, each divided into four stages: planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Data were collected through observation, testing, and documentation to measure the development of children's ability to recognize geometric concepts. The results showed a significant increase in children's ability to recognize geometry through the block game method. In the pre-cycle, only 23.33% of children demonstrated the expected level of ability. After the first cycle, this figure increased to 53.33%, indicating moderate progress. By the end of the second cycle, 86.66% of the children had reached the expected competency, showing a remarkable improvement. These findings highlight the effectiveness of the block game method in fostering cognitive development, particularly in the area of early geometry recognition among preschool-aged children. The conclusion of this study emphasizes that implementing block games as a teaching strategy not only enhances children's recognition of geometric shapes but also supports active learning, creativity, and collaboration. Therefore, educators are encouraged to integrate play-based learning methods such as block games into early childhood education programs to improve fundamental mathematical concepts and prepare children for higher learning stages.

This study aims to analyze the influence of derivative skills and literacy in economic mathematics on investment decisions of students in the Management Study Program. The study was conducted using a quantitative approach using primary data collected through questionnaires distributed to students. The collected data were then analyzed using multiple regression tests to determine the extent to which the studied variables influence investment decisions. The results of the multiple regression test indicate that derivative skills and economic mathematics literacy simultaneously have a significant influence on students' investment decisions. The coefficient of determination (R²) value is 0.551, which means that 55.1% of the variability in investment decisions can be explained by these two independent variables, while the remaining 44.9% is explained by other factors not examined in this study. This figure indicates that students' ability to understand and use economic mathematics concepts, especially in terms of derivatives, as well as their financial literacy, play an important role in forming rational and informed investment decisions. The results of this study indicate that mastery of economic mathematics concepts, especially derivative skills, has a direct impact on students' ability to make better and more logical investment decisions. On the other hand, financial literacy also influences how students assess and manage investments, resulting in wiser decisions. Therefore, it is important for educational institutions to integrate mathematical economics and financial literacy into their curricula to help students make more rational investment decisions and reduce potential future financial risks. Furthermore, this study also suggests the need to improve students' understanding of basic concepts in mathematical economics and financial literacy. Management study programs can strengthen their curricula by providing more in-depth training in the applications of mathematical economics, such as the use of derivatives in investment analysis.

This study aims to describe the understanding of high school students in solving high, medium, and low category HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills) problems and to explore the students' responses in solving problems related to the material of SPLTV (System of Linear Equations with Three Variables). This research is qualitative in nature, using a descriptive method. The subject selection technique used purposive sampling, involving three students from class X IPA/IPS SMAIT Nurul Fajri, with a total of 19 students. The data collection techniques included written tests on mathematical concept understanding using HOTS, interviews, and documentation. Based on the research results, it was found that the students' understanding of mathematical concepts in solving HOTS problems varied. The subject NF-17, with high ability, was able to answer well, including restating the concepts studied in problems 1, 2, and 4, classifying objects based on concepts, applying concepts algorithmically, relating various mathematical concepts internally or externally, providing examples or counterexamples, and presenting concepts in various representations in problems 1, 3, and 4. The subject NF-18, with medium ability, showed more limited results. Although able to restate concepts in problem 4, this subject could only classify objects based on concepts and apply concepts algorithmically in problems 1 and 4. This subject could only provide examples or counterexamples in problem 1. The subject NF-10, with low ability, was only able to restate concepts studied in problem 1 and did not show more in-depth understanding in other problems. These findings indicate variations in students' understanding of mathematical concepts in the SPLTV material.

This study aims to assess the impact of using Talking Stick game as a learning media on students' learning outcomes and scientific communication skills in science lessons. This study was conducted using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, by analyzing various relevant previous studies from elementary to secondary education levels. The research findings indicate that the Talking Stick learning technique can significantly improve student learning outcomes. This model has also been proven effective in improving science communication skills, conceptual understanding, active participation, and students' courage to express opinions during the learning process. The Talking Stick method emphasizes collaboration and involvement between students in a fun and interesting atmosphere. The use of various supporting media, such as question cards, posters, audio visuals, and student worksheets (LKS), increases the effectiveness of this method. The use of alternating sticks in question and answer sessions encourages students to be more confident and actively involved in the learning process. This also provides benefits for the development of students' critical thinking skills and emotional skills, which are very much in line with the needs of learning in the 21st century. The findings of this Talking Stick model research are recommended as an innovative strategy in science learning. Teachers are advised to combine it with interesting learning media to make the learning process more meaningful and enjoyable. tested the effectiveness of this method in various educational conditions. Furthermore, consistent application of the Talking Stick method can create an inclusive learning environment that is responsive to individual student needs. In the context of science learning, which often demands understanding of abstract concepts and problem-solving, this method can bridge the gap between theory and practice through active and reflective interaction.

This study is motivated by the difficulty students face in understanding the concept of food chains, which is attributed to the conventional teaching methods still in use. Therefore, the researcher believes that the application of a new teaching model is expected to enhance student engagement in the teaching and learning process, ultimately improving learning outcomes. Natural Science is often considered difficult because of its many theories and the lack of variation in teaching methods, leading to poor student performance. Given these issues, an innovative teaching model is necessary. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model on students' knowledge in the Natural Science subject. The research method used is an experimental method with a quasi-experimental design. The study population consists of 50 fifth-grade students, with 25 students in the experimental group and 25 students in the control group. The hypothesis tested is that there is an effect of the Problem-Based Learning model on Natural Science learning outcomes. The results of the study show that the Problem-Based Learning model has a significant effect on students' knowledge. This is evidenced by the t-test results, which show a t-value of 12.400, greater than the t-table value of 2.01. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Problem-Based Learning model positively affects the understanding of food chain concepts in fifth-grade students. The findings of this study are expected to be beneficial for teachers in improving the quality of their teaching, for students to better understand the material through more engaging methods, and for the school environment in developing innovative and effective teaching practices.

Mathematics learning, particularly in geometry, is often perceived as abstract and less engaging by students, leading to reduced interest and creativity. One of the geometry topics that demands a more creative and concrete approach is the tessellation of flat shapes, which emphasizes the understanding of patterns, symmetry, and regularity of shapes. The absence of contextual learning media has contributed to students’ low enthusiasm and limited ability to apply concepts in real-life contexts. This community service activity was designed to address these challenges by enhancing students’ creativity and conceptual understanding through the use of ceramic media as an innovative and enjoyable learning tool. The program was conducted at SD Negeri 1 Rowosari, Tembalang District, Semarang City, involving mathematics teachers, elementary school students, and university students. The implementation method included training and mentoring sessions. Activities encompassed the introduction of tessellation concepts, hands-on demonstrations, and the guided creation of tessellation patterns using ceramic media. Participants consisted of teachers and students who actively engaged in both theoretical and practical sessions. Evaluation was conducted through pre-test and post-test questionnaires administered before and after the training. The results revealed a significant improvement in students’ average scores after the activity. Pre-test data showed that approximately half of the students scored above the average, with two students achieving nearly perfect scores. Post-test results indicated that most students demonstrated increased understanding and creativity in applying tessellation concepts. Nevertheless, a small number of students still required further guidance, particularly in translating abstract tessellation concepts into real-life applications. Overall, the findings suggest that integrating ceramic media into mathematics learning is effective in making abstract geometry concepts more tangible, stimulating students’ creativity, and improving learning outcomes, especially in the topic of tessellation of flat shapes.

Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is a student-centered teaching approach, where the learning process begins with a real-life problem relevant to everyday life. PBL encourages students to actively seek information, analyze data, and formulate solutions through group work and discussion. This approach not only develops critical thinking, problem-solving, and communication skills but also increases students' independence and responsibility for their own learning process. This article aims to examine how PBL is implemented in two main curricula in Indonesia: the 2013 Curriculum (K13) and the Independent Curriculum. In the 2013 Curriculum, PBL is integrated through a scientific approach and project-based activities, where students are invited to explore concepts and theories through investigative activities. Meanwhile, the Independent Curriculum provides more space for teachers and students to design contextual and personalized learning activities, making the implementation of PBL more flexible and adaptive to local needs and student characteristics. The literature review results indicate that both curricula effectively utilize PBL principles to enhance students' cognitive and metacognitive skills. The Independent Curriculum, in particular, places greater emphasis on independent learning, self-reflection, and the development of student interests through differentiated learning. Thus, the application of PBL within the context of the Independent Curriculum has proven to be more adaptive to the dynamics of 21st-century learning. In conclusion, the use of Problem-Based Learning in both curricula has significant potential to enhance students' learning abilities, as long as the approach is tailored to school conditions, student characteristics, and is supported by competent teachers and training in implementing this method effectively.

This study investigates the influence of financial literacy and lifestyle on financial management among gym members at USB Fitness. Financial literacy refers to the ability to understand and apply financial concepts, while lifestyle encompasses spending patterns, consumption preferences, and daily habits. Low financial literacy combined with a high-consumption lifestyle can negatively impact personal financial management, potentially leading to poor budgeting, excessive debt, and limited savings.The research adopts a quantitative approach using a survey method, with data collected through structured questionnaires distributed via Google Forms. The population comprises 60 registered gym members, from which a sample of 52 respondents was determined using the Slovin formula with a margin of error of 5%. Data analysis techniques involve both partial (t-test) and simultaneous (F-test) hypothesis testing to assess the effects of the independent variables—financial literacy and lifestyle—on the dependent variable, financial management.The t-test results indicate that financial literacy has a positive and significant effect on financial management (t-count = 6.384 > t-table = 2.00958; p-value = 0.000 < 0.05), suggesting that higher financial literacy levels contribute to more effective personal financial practices. Conversely, lifestyle shows no significant effect on financial management (t-count = -0.013; p-value = 0.990 > 0.05), indicating that lifestyle variations among respondents do not directly determine their financial management capabilities.Simultaneous testing through the F-test reveals that financial literacy and lifestyle together have a significant influence on financial management (F-count = 21.333 > F-table = 3.191; p-value = 0.000 < 0.05). This suggests that while lifestyle alone may not significantly impact financial management, its interaction with financial literacy can influence financial outcomes.The study concludes that improving financial literacy among gym members is essential for enhancing financial management skills, while lifestyle modifications may only be impactful when supported by strong financial knowledge.

This study aims to (1) determine the level of learning motivation among students at MTs Muhammadiyah 1 Singkawang, (2) identify the physics learning achievement of students at MTs Muhammadiyah 1 Singkawang, and (3) examine the influence of learning motivation on students’ physics learning achievement. The research employed a survey method with simple linear regression analysis, which is used to model the relationship between one dependent variable and one independent variable. The population consisted of all students at MTs Muhammadiyah 1 Singkawang, and the sampling technique applied was total sampling. Data were collected through a student learning motivation questionnaire and documentation of students’ physics grades.Descriptive analysis results indicated that the learning motivation variable had an average score of 85, which, based on the categorization criteria, falls into the very high category. In terms of physics learning achievement, data analysis revealed that the highest frequency was within the score interval of 30 < X ≤ 70. Specifically, 39 students (34%) were categorized as medium achievers, while 35 students (30%) were categorized as low achievers. These findings indicate that overall, students’ physics learning achievement can still be considered high, although a significant proportion remains in the medium and low categories.The results of simple linear regression analysis demonstrated a positive influence of learning motivation on physics learning achievement. This suggests that higher levels of learning motivation are associated with better physics performance among students. The findings highlight the importance of fostering and maintaining high learning motivation levels to enhance academic achievement. Therefore, educators are encouraged to design and implement learning strategies that not only improve students’ understanding of physics concepts but also stimulate and sustain their motivation to learn.

Improving the quality of biology learning in secondary schools requires pedagogical innovations that connect academic content with real-life contexts and leverage digital technology. This study aims to analyze the effect of a contextual teaching approach assisted by interactive PowerPoint on students’ learning outcomes in the human respiratory system topic. A true experimental design with a pretest–posttest control group was employed at SMA Negeri 1 Langowan, involving two eleventh-grade classes selected through simple random sampling. The experimental class received contextual instruction integrated with interactive PowerPoint, while the control class was taught using conventional methods. Data were collected through validated achievement tests and analyzed using normality and homogeneity tests, followed by independent and paired t-tests. The results indicate a significant improvement in learning outcomes for students in the experimental class compared to the control group. The experimental group’s posttest scores were substantially higher, and the difference was statistically significant. Integrating a contextual approach with interactive visualization effectively enhanced students’ understanding of abstract biology concepts, promoted active participation, and strengthened learning motivation. These findings support constructivist theory and highlight the relevance of contextual teaching in science education aligned with the Merdeka Curriculum. The study implies the importance of implementing context-based strategies combined with simple digital media to improve biology learning effectiveness. Future research may explore its impact on non-cognitive skills such as critical thinking and scientific attitudes. Furthermore, the results of this study provide opportunities for teachers to be more creative in designing teaching materials that are not only informative but also interactive and relevant to students' lives. By utilizing media such as interactive PowerPoint, teachers can present complex biological content in a more engaging and understandable way.

This program is designed to address the key barriers facing communities in implementing digital marketing strategies, such as limited resources, lack of expertise, and a lack of specific skills. To address these challenges, the program is structured in three main stages. First, the marketing challenges faced by local businesses are identified. This stage is crucial for understanding the real challenges faced by the community. Second, solutions tailored to local needs are developed, based on relevant and applicable digital marketing strategies. Third, these strategies are directly implemented to drive increased income through the use of digital platforms, particularly e-commerce and social media. Through this approach, communities are encouraged to utilize social media as a primary, effective and affordable marketing tool. The program aims to empower communities economically by helping expand the market reach of local products through digital platforms. Expected outcomes include increased community understanding of digital marketing concepts and practices, skills in optimal social media use, and increased product sales through broader digital channels. In addition to focusing on marketing aspects, the program also addresses the specific needs of the community in terms of production and business management. By strengthening understanding of the potential of digital technology, it is hoped that local businesses will be able to increase their competitiveness amidst global competition. This program will also be complemented by ongoing evaluation and monitoring mechanisms to ensure the sustainability of its impact and community adaptation to emerging challenges in the digital era. Therefore, this program is not only a short-term solution but also a strategic tool in supporting sustainable local economic growth.

This community service program aims to educate students and adolescents at SMA Negeri 1 Medan about the importance of anti-corruption education. This activity is motivated by the increasing attention to preventing corruption from an early age, by instilling the values of integrity, honesty, and responsibility in the educational environment. The implementation method includes interactive counseling, group discussions, and case simulations relevant to students' daily lives. Participants consisted of 180 students from grades 11 and 12 who actively participated in each session. The results of the activity showed an increase in students' understanding of the basic concepts of corruption, types of corruption, and the important role of the younger generation in creating an anti-corruption culture. This education is expected to be the first step in shaping students' character with integrity and legal insight from an early age.

The rapid development of technology has made it increasingly important for the younger generation to acquire digital literacy skills at an early age. As technology becomes an integral part of daily life, it is essential to introduce fundamental programming concepts to students to prepare them for the future. This community service program aims to introduce 5th-grade students at Elementary School Emmaus Kediri to basic programming concepts using the Scratch platform. The program adopted the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) method, which emphasizes interactive learning through hands-on activities. The one-day session involved 17 students, who underwent a structured process consisting of a pre-test, material delivery, hands-on practice of creating simple animations, and a post-test. The learning materials included an introduction to the Scratch interface, how to use sprites, and basic coding blocks to develop simple animation projects. The evaluation results indicated a significant increase in students' understanding of basic programming concepts. The majority of participants successfully created simple animation projects using coding blocks and sprites, demonstrating their ability to apply the learned concepts. The students showed high enthusiasm throughout the learning process, indicating a strong interest in digital learning and coding. The high level of engagement further supports the potential for expanding similar programs in the future. This community service activity proved effective in introducing computational thinking and fostering creativity among elementary school students. It also demonstrated the effectiveness of interactive and hands-on learning approaches in enhancing students' digital literacy. As a result, this program has the potential to be implemented in other schools to promote early exposure to programming and support the development of digital skills among young learners

White-collar crime has evolved to a transnational scale, transcending national boundaries. The crimes are increasingly sophisticated and well-organized, making them difficult to detect and eradicate effectively. Criminals continually seek to secure their proceeds through various means, including complex schemes of money laundering involving international financial networks. To enforce the law on money laundering, proof of the occurrence of money laundering is necessary. Therefore, prior to carrying out the investigation, several key elements must be understood, including the basic concepts of money laundering, the methods of money laundering, and indirect methods of evidence. The crime of money laundering is based on Law No. 15 of 2002 and has been carried out in accordance with the applicable provisions, namely Law No. 8 of 1981 concerning the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP), and the Procedural Law contained in Law No. 15 of 2002 concerning the Crime of Money Laundering as amended by Law No. 25 of 2003 concerning Amendments to Law No. 15 of 2002 concerning the Crime of Money Laundering. Obstacles that arise in investigating money laundering crimes can be categorized into two categories: legal and non-legal. Legal obstacles include provisions on bank secrecy, investigators' obligations to protect reporters and witnesses, investigators' incomplete perceptions of money laundering, and incomplete information from the Financial Transaction Reports and Analysis Center (PPATK). Non-legal obstacles include reporters not necessarily being victims, limited human resource capacity of investigators, lack of adequate facilities, minimal public awareness, insufficient institutional coordination, and technological gaps that hinder optimal enforcement efforts.