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The development of generative artificial intelligence has opened opportunities for strengthening Islamic legal learning through a digital forum that remains connected to authoritative textual references. This study aims to design and build a web-based bahtsul masail discussion system using a multi-agent AI architecture and the Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) method. The proposed system simulates the deliberative roles commonly found in pesantren-based Islamic legal discussion, namely Moderator, Mubahits, Mu'aridh, and Mushahih. The research applies a Research and Development approach with the Waterfall model, covering requirement analysis, interface design, multi-agent workflow design, implementation, functional testing, and evaluation. RAG is implemented by allowing users to upload PDF documents of kitab kuning and assign the documents to particular agent roles. The uploaded texts are then used as contextual grounding so that each agent can formulate arguments, rebuttals, and final decisions based on traceable references rather than unsupported model memory. The application is implemented using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript on the front end, while the AI reasoning process is orchestrated through an API-based large language model. Functional testing shows that the system can complete five sequential stages of bahtsul masail, display role-based responses, manage uploaded references, and present discussion history. The main contribution of this study is a system design that combines pesantren deliberation procedures with AI-based retrieval support to provide an interactive learning medium for Islamic law, while emphasizing that the final authority of legal validation remains with qualified scholars

This research is motivated by the importance of the role of madrasah supervisors in providing effective supervision to improve the quality of madrasah principals' performance, especially in private Madrasah Tsanawiyah environments. Supervisory supervision not only functions as a quality control tool, but also as a means of coaching, mentoring, and empowering madrasah principals in carrying out managerial, leadership, and school development tasks. The purpose of this study is to analyze how supervisory supervision management can improve the performance of private Madrasah Tsanawiyah principals, as well as to identify the most relevant supervision strategies in supporting the achievement of educational quality. The research method used is a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through interviews, observations, and documentation, which are then analyzed descriptively. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of planned, systematic, and continuous supervisory management has a positive effect on improving the competency of madrasah principals in the aspects of planning, program implementation, and educational evaluation. The findings also show that participatory and communicative supervision can build motivation and a sense of responsibility of madrasah principals in managing institutions effectively. The implication of this research is the need to improve the capacity of madrasah supervisors through training and role strengthening so that supervision can truly drive optimal madrasah principal performance, thus impacting the quality of education in private junior high madrasahs.

This study aims to develop a contextual-based mathematics learning module to improve mathematical numeracy literacy among fourth-grade elementary school students, particularly on arithmetic operations. This research employed a Research and Development (R&D) design using the ADDIE development model consisting of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. The research subjects were 22 fourth-grade students at SDN 2 Siryawangi. The instruments used included expert validation sheets, teacher and student response questionnaires, and numeracy literacy tests. Data were analyzed using a qualitative descriptive approach supported by the N-Gain test to measure students’ improvement after using the module. The findings indicate that the developed module meets the criteria of validity, practicality, and effectiveness. This is supported by the validation results from material and media experts, each obtaining an average score of 95%, which is categorized as highly valid. In addition, teacher responses of 75% and student responses of 88% show that the module is practical and feasible to be used in the learning process. Furthermore, the effectiveness test results, based on an N-Gain score of 84%, demonstrate a high-level improvement in numeracy literacy. Therefore, this module is feasible to be implemented as an alternative teaching material for contextual learning in elementary schools.

The rapid growth of the gaming industry demands innovation in map design to maintain dynamic and non-repetitive gameplay experiences. This study aims to implement the Random Walk algorithm to generate procedural maps for Scrollbearer, a roguelike game developed using C# in Unity. The algorithm constructs random corridors and rooms from a starting point, integrated with dead end handling and Corridor First mechanics to ensure map connectivity. The research applies a Research and Development (R&D) approach with quantitative evaluation through Likert-scale questionnaires. Test results demonstrate that procedural maps significantly enhance replayability, with 79.5% of players preferring this mode due to unique layout variations and higher challenge levels (score 4.07/5). Exploration satisfaction in the procedural mode also outperformed the static mode (score 4.34/5). These findings validate the effectiveness of the Random Walk algorithm in creating dynamic maps for roguelike games, while providing a foundation for future enhancements such as biome diversity and random events.

Advancements in information technology have created significant opportunities for more efficient spatial data management, including the mapping of government buildings. To support this effort, this study develops a web-based geographic information system for mapping government buildings in Bandung City using Leaflet.js. The system aims to facilitate interactive map visualization and provide more accurate and structured access to spatial data. The Agile method is applied in the system development process, consisting of six main stages: needs identification, design, development, testing, implementation, and evaluation. The system is designed using the Laravel or CodeIgniter framework as the backend and Leaflet.js for dynamic spatial data presentation. The research results indicate that the system can display geographic information accurately and interactively while supporting search, filtering, and responsive map display features across various devices. Additionally, the Agile approach has proven to enhance development efficiency and user experience. With this system, the government can manage building data more effectively, transparently, and efficiently to support planning and decision-making based on spatial data.

In this study, an interactive learning medium was developed to practice German A1-level vocabulary with the theme “Freizeit”, based on a website created using Genially. This research is classified as development research, in which the development process of the learning medium employed the ADDIE model, consisting of five stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The study was conducted in the German Language Education Study Program at Universitas Negeri Medan. The research data consisted of vocabulary on the theme “Freizeit”, taken from the Netzwerk textbook and other online sources. The research subjects were second-semester students of the 2024 cohort. The instruments used included questionnaires, pretest and posttest, expert validation sheets, and documentation. The results of the validation from media experts and material experts indicated that the medium was suitable for use in learning, with scores of 92% and 89%, respectively. The trial conducted with students showed a positive response with an average score of 91%. The students’ average pretest score was 58.3, which increased to 84.7 in the posttest. Statistical tests revealed that the calculated t-value (12.45) was greater than the critical t-table value (2.045), indicating a significant difference between the pretest and posttest results. Thus, the use of the Genially interactive learning medium proved effective in improving German A1 vocabulary mastery and was able to create a more engaging and interactive learning atmosphere while supporting independent learning.

This Community Service (PKM) activity aims to enhance public awareness of the interrelationship between poverty, unemployment, and criminality as key challenges to sustainable economic development in Mandailing Natal Regency. The program was conducted through a cross-sectoral seminar involving speakers from the District Attorney’s Office, the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), and local community organizations. A total of 120 participants—including students, lecturers, village officials, and the general public—took part in the event. Evaluation was carried out using pre-test and post-test questionnaires to measure participants’ improvement in understanding. The results showed an average increase in comprehension scores from 2.84 to 4.05 on a 1–5 scale (a 42.6 percent rise). Participants demonstrated greater awareness of the structural link between economic pressures and criminal behavior. This PKM activity successfully strengthened community understanding of the importance of inter-agency synergy in addressing poverty and unemployment as preventive measures against crime. Cross-sectoral public education proved effective in fostering social awareness and serves as a replicable model for other regions.

This Community Service (PKM) activity aims to enhance public awareness of the interrelationship between poverty, unemployment, and criminality as key challenges to sustainable economic development in Mandailing Natal Regency. The program was conducted through a cross-sectoral seminar involving speakers from the District Attorney’s Office, the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), and local community organizations. A total of 120 participants—including students, lecturers, village officials, and the general public—took part in the event. Evaluation was carried out using pre-test and post-test questionnaires to measure participants’ improvement in understanding. The results showed an average increase in comprehension scores from 2.84 to 4.05 on a 1–5 scale (a 42.6 percent rise). Participants demonstrated greater awareness of the structural link between economic pressures and criminal behavior. This PKM activity successfully strengthened community understanding of the importance of inter-agency synergy in addressing poverty and unemployment as preventive measures against crime. Cross-sectoral public education proved effective in fostering social awareness and serves as a replicable model for other regions.

Bullying is a form of social violence that can hinder children’s psychological and social development, especially in orphanage settings where residents come from diverse backgrounds. This study aims to develop and implement an educational information system based on an interactive e-module as a learning medium to prevent bullying at Mizan Amanah Orphanage Surakarta. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The analysis phase involved observation and interviews to identify the forms and causes of bullying within the orphanage. The e-module was designed with an educational approach focusing on empathy, positive communication, and conflict resolution. The implementation results show that the anti-bullying e-module effectively improves students' understanding of bullying and fosters positive behavioral changes. This educational information system is considered effective as a digital learning medium that promotes a safe, harmonious, and bullying-free environment within the orphanage.

This study explores the function of the scientific approach and learning assessment as elements that strengthen the quality of education through a structured literature review. The review of various sources shows that the continuous application of the scientific method has a positive effect on improving students’ critical thinking, creativity, learning independence, and character development. Findings from several studies over the past decade support the effectiveness of implementing the scientific method at various educational levels, despite challenges such as limited time and learning resources. In addition, comprehensive learning evaluation not only measures final outcomes but also considers context, input, and process (CIPP model), thereby enhancing the relevance of learning objectives and student motivation. The literature review also highlights the importance of guidance and counseling (GC) as an integrative component that supports students’ academic, social, personal, and character development at both primary and secondary education levels. However, some studies identify challenges in implementation, such as students’ low reading interest and the dominant role of teachers, which can be addressed through STEM-based and blended learning models. Overall, the integration of GC with learning evaluation has the potential to realize holistic education that balances intellectual, emotional, social, moral, and spiritual intelligence, while preparing students to contribute effectively to society and the future workforce. These findings encourage the development of educational policies and learning practices that are more process-oriented, context-based, and focused on the holistic development of student competencies.

The rapid development of information technology requires training institutions to adapt in order to provide services that are effective, efficient, and aligned with user needs. Don Bosco Sumba Vocational Training Center (BLK) as an institution focused on enhancing community skills faces challenges in providing a system that is easily accessible and usable by trainees, instructors, and administrators. This study aims to design and develop a web- and mobile-based application using the User-Centered Design (UCD) approach to produce a system that truly fits user needs and preferences. The UCD method was applied through several stages, including user and context identification, needs analysis, solution design, and iterative evaluation of the developed prototype. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and questionnaires administered to various users within Don Bosco Sumba BLK. The findings show that the implementation of the UCD method improved usability, streamlined administrative processes, and enhanced user satisfaction with the developed system. Therefore, the development of this UCD-based application not only supports the improvement of service quality but also strengthens the effectiveness of training management at Don Bosco Sumba BLK. The implications of this study highlight the importance of applying a user-centered approach in the development of information systems within the vocational training sector.

This study aims to develop, validate, and test the effectiveness of a scaffolding-based e-module integrated with educational games on the topic of market equilibrium to improve students’ problem-solving skills in economics learning. The research utilized the ADDIE development model, which includes the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. A total of 72 students from SMA Negeri 1 Kelapa participated in the study, divided into experimental and control groups. Data were collected through validation questionnaires, pre-tests, and post-tests. The results showed that the e-module obtained a very high level of feasibility, with average validation scores of 3.86 from material experts, 3.88 from media experts, 3.95 from teachers, and 3.49 from students, indicating that the product met the quality criteria for instructional media. Furthermore, effectiveness testing revealed that students in the experimental class achieved an N-Gain score of 0.56, categorized as moderate, which was significantly higher than the control class score of 0.30. These results suggest that the scaffolding-based e-module integrated with educational games is both feasible and effective in enhancing students’ problem-solving skills and learning engagement in economics education.

This Community Service (PKM) activity aims to improve the English language skills of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) operating in the tourism sector in the Whale Shark area of ​​Sumbawa. This training program is designed with a focus on mastering vocabulary and practical expressions commonly used in the context of tourism services, especially for interacting with foreign tourists. The material provided includes English for Tourism with a participatory, contextual, and applicable approach. The training method includes role-play activities, conversation simulations, and various practical exercises adapted to real-life situations in tourism activities in the Whale Shark area. During the implementation, participants were actively involved in the learning process through direct practice and group discussions. Based on the results of the evaluation, this activity showed a significant increase in the participants' self-confidence and English communication skills. Thus, this training has proven effective in helping MSMEs in tourism to be better prepared to face the global market and provide higher-quality services to foreign tourists, while also supporting the development of local tourism destinations based on foreign language competency.

This study aims to determine the feasibility, practicality, and effectiveness of Electronic LKPD Supporting on PjBL on  in improving creative thinking skills and environmental literacy of students at SMAN 1 Tarakan. This type of research is research and development (Research and Development) with the ADDIE model (analyze, design, development, implement, evaluate). The analyze stage includes initial analysis, competency analysis, constructional analysis, and content analysis. The design stage includes compiling an electronic LKPD outline and designing learning content in the LKPD. The development stage includes developing data collection instruments. The data collection instruments in this study were a feasibility sheet for expert lecturers, a practicality sheet for biology teachers, a student readability sheet, and pretest and posttest questions for creative thinking skills and environmental literacy. This instrument was developed based on the review of the supervisor, assessment of expert lecturers, biology teachers, and trials on students. The implement stage includes the application of electronic LKPD that has been developed on class X students of SMAN 1 Tarakan. The experimental design used is the pretest-posttest control group design. The evaluate stage includes the form of evaluation carried out at each stage of ADDIE. The data analysis technique uses the manova test. The results of the study show: (1) The electronic LKPD supporting PjBL that was developed meets the criteria of being very valid for use in learning activities with an average value according to media experts of 3.55, material experts of 3.89 and learning experts of 3.96. (2) Practicality with a very practical category for use based on the results of student and teacher responses. (3) Effectiveness based on the Multivariate Analysis of Variance test with a significance level of 5% shows that there is an influence on students' creative thinking skills and environmental literacy after treatment using electronic LKPD supporting PjBL.

This study employs the 4-D development model (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate) adapted from Thiagarajan et al. (1974) to develop a Digital Storytelling medium using Canva for the topic “Family” in Senior High School (SMA/MA). A needs analysis was conducted in the Define phase, revealing that students experienced difficulties in listening and speaking. In the Design phase, a context-based story medium with illustrations, texts, and German audio narration was created. During the Develop phase, the product was validated by two experts. A German language instructor reviewed the material and deemed it suitable for use without revisions. The material validation results showed that the medium is usable without revision, as the material was rated clear, systematic, complete, engaging, and easy to understand. The material expert’s evaluation covered five categories, resulting in a total material score of 95. A media expert evaluated the medium along with audio and video content. The media expert’s assessment included ten categories, resulting in a total media score of 95. Meanwhile, data validation indicated that the medium can be further used with minor revisions, such as enhancing visual elements to make it more dynamic and adjusting audio quality to improve listening comfort. The results of this study show that the development process of the Digital Storytelling medium using Canva for the “Family” topic in Senior High School successfully produced an engaging and communicative product that matches the characteristics of beginner German language learners. This medium contains a story on the theme “Family,” complemented by illustrations, texts, and audio content. The developed video has been uploaded to the YouTube platform to facilitate access for teachers and students.

This community service program aims to empower rural women through training in making steamed buns (bakpao) using yellow sweet potatoes in Sambirejo Village, Ngrambe District, Ngawi Regency. Yellow sweet potatoes are one of the abundant local agricultural products, yet their utilization has been limited to household consumption. Through this program, yellow sweet potatoes were processed into innovative food products in the form of bakpao, which provide nutritional value, consumer appeal, and economic opportunities. The method applied was Asset Based Community Development (ABCD) with a participatory approach, emphasizing the use of local assets and the active involvement of community members. The stages included asset identification, technical training through demonstration, hands-on practice, and evaluation. Participants were drawn from PKK women and local micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). The results showed significant improvements in participants’ knowledge of local food diversification, technical skills in processing yellow sweet potatoes, and entrepreneurial motivation to initiate home-based businesses. In addition, the training encouraged participants’ creativity in developing more varied local food products. Therefore, the program not only contributed to women’s empowerment but also strengthened MSMEs, promoted local food innovation, and supported community economic independence.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a vital role in Indonesia’s economy, yet their failure rate remains high due to weak business planning and the absence of systematic feasibility studies. University business incubator laboratories are expected to assist prospective entrepreneurs in conducting comprehensive feasibility analyses, but evaluations are often performed manually and subjectively. This study aims to design a Business Feasibility Information System to support business incubator laboratories in achieving more objective, efficient, and documented assessments. The research employs a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) model, encompassing stages of requirement analysis, system design, and conceptual validation. The system is designed to evaluate four key aspects of business feasibility: market, production, human resources, and finance. The result is a conceptual system prototype that integrates all aspects into a unified assessment framework. The findings indicate that the proposed system enhances the effectiveness of incubator laboratories in evaluating and assisting tenants objectively while fostering digital entrepreneurship literacy. The study implies that information technology integration is essential for strengthening MSME sustainability and decision-making in Indonesia.

The Industrial Internship (PKI) Information System for 12th-grade students at Kasimo Kererobbo Vocational School aims to simplify the process of managing and monitoring students' PKI activities in an efficient and structured manner. This system is designed to integrate various information related to PKI activities, from registration of partner companies, student placement, to reporting of PKI activity results. By using a web-based system, the administrative process becomes more transparent and can be accessed by students, supervising teachers, and partner companies in real-time. In addition, this system also allows monitoring of student progress during PKI and facilitates communication between the school and partner companies. The results of this system development are expected to improve the quality and effectiveness of PKI implementation, while simplifying administration that has been done manually. This system also makes it easier for students to choose partner companies that suit their majors and interests, and provides faster and more timely access to reports and evaluations of PKI results.

This community service program aims to empower rural women through training in making steamed buns (bakpao) using yellow sweet potatoes in Sambirejo Village, Ngrambe District, Ngawi Regency. Yellow sweet potatoes are one of the abundant local agricultural products, yet their utilization has been limited to household consumption. Through this program, yellow sweet potatoes were processed into innovative food products in the form of bakpao, which provide nutritional value, consumer appeal, and economic opportunities. The method applied was Asset Based Community Development (ABCD) with a participatory approach, emphasizing the use of local assets and the active involvement of community members. The stages included asset identification, technical training through demonstration, hands-on practice, and evaluation. Participants were drawn from PKK women and local micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). The results showed significant improvements in participants’ knowledge of local food diversification, technical skills in processing yellow sweet potatoes, and entrepreneurial motivation to initiate home-based businesses. In addition, the training encouraged participants’ creativity in developing more varied local food products. Therefore, the program not only contributed to women’s empowerment but also strengthened MSMEs, promoted local food innovation, and supported community economic independence.

Making lesson plans (RPPs) is an essential part of implementing the 2013 curriculum because it gives instructors a practical guidance for carrying out the learning process, which is focused on developing students' character and taking a scientific approach.  The purpose of this study is to evaluate the appropriateness and quality of the RPP that instructors created in relation to the 2013 Curriculum.  The RPP was created by teachers in several elementary and high schools using a document study approach and a descriptive qualitative research methodology. According to Permendikbud Number 14 of 2019, the majority of RPPs have incorporated the required elements, including subject identity, core and basic competencies, learning objectives, learning materials, methods, media, learning resources, learning steps, and assessment.  Authentic evaluation, literacy integration, and the application of a thorough scientific approach were nevertheless determined to have shortcomings and were not yet at their best.  These results show that in order to increase the quality of learning planning in accordance with the 2013 Curriculum's tenets, teachers' capability must be strengthened through ongoing training and professional development.