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This research focuses on exploring the mathematical reasoning abilities of Madrasah Aliyah students in solving problems that integrate mathematical concepts with the Islamic science of faraidh (inheritance law), specifically within the topic of fractions. The study employs a qualitative approach with a case study design and was conducted among 11th-grade students enrolled in the Religious Program at MA Raudlatul Ulum Putri. Data collection techniques included written tests, semi-structured interviews, and classroom observations, focusing on three selected students who represented high, moderate, and low levels of mathematical ability. The analysis centers on several key indicators of mathematical reasoning: identifying problems, formulating hypotheses, presenting logical arguments, and drawing conclusions. The results show that most students fall into the moderate reasoning category, while a smaller number are categorized as high or low. Students in the high category demonstrate a strong capacity to approach problems systematically and accurately, combining mathematical logic with a proper understanding of Sharia-based inheritance rules. In contrast, students in the low category struggle with interpreting problem contexts and executing fraction calculations correctly, which indicates gaps in both conceptual understanding and application skills. These findings underscore the importance of contextual and integrative learning, particularly the combination of mathematics with Islamic values, to enhance deeper comprehension. By embedding religious relevance into mathematical instruction—especially through real-life contexts such as inheritance laws—educators can support the development of more meaningful reasoning abilities. The study suggests that integrating mathematics and Islamic teachings can significantly benefit student learning outcomes and foster stronger conceptual foundations.

Empowerment is the process of increasing the capacity and independence of individuals and groups so they can develop optimally. Empowerment of UMKM is important because of their strategic role in supporting national economic growth. However, UMKM still face various problems such as legality, capital, marketing, and managerial skills. To support this effort, PLUT was established at the initiative of the Batam City Government to encourage UMKM to move up a class. PLUT Batam City plays an important role through strategic services such as consulting, business mentoring, legal facilitation, training, product and packaging development, as well as promotion and marketing. This study uses a qualitative method with interview, observation, and documentation techniques. The theory used is the Van Meter and Van Horn implementation model which includes six variables: policy objectives, resources, communication, implementer characteristics, socio-economic conditions, and implementer attitudes. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the PLUT program in empowering UMKM in Batam City.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are one of the sectors that have an important role in supporting Indonesia's national economy. Its contribution is enormous to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), job creation, and increased innovation, especially in the face of global economic challenges and social inequality. This research aims to examine in depth the role of MSMEs in encouraging Indonesia's economic growth and identify various challenges faced by this sector. The method used in this study is library research, by analyzing various sources of scientific literature, policy reports, and relevant empirical data related to the role of MSMEs. The results of the study show that MSMEs not only contribute to increasing national GDP, but also become the main driving force in providing jobs for the community, especially in rural and suburban areas. In addition, MSMEs are also an important means in the development of local innovation, especially in the use of simple technology that is in accordance with community conditions. However, MSMEs also face a number of serious challenges that can hinder their contribution to economic growth. These challenges include limited access to digital payment systems, low quality of human resources (HR), weak marketing networks, and limited capital and technology. Thus, to increase the role of MSMEs in national economic development, synergy is needed between the government, the private sector, and financial institutions in providing comprehensive and sustainable support. The support includes training on human resource capacity building, access to capital, digital transformation, and strengthening the business ecosystem. This research is expected to contribute to the development of policies that favor the empowerment of MSMEs in Indonesia.

This study aims to analyze the influence of accounting knowledge, business capital, and business length on the success of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Tandes District, Surabaya City. The background of this research is based on the importance of financial management skills, sufficient capital availability, and business experience in supporting the sustainability and growth of MSMEs. This study uses a quantitative approach with primary data obtained through the distribution of questionnaires to MSME actors who are registered and domiciled in Tandes District. The sample criteria include fostered MSME actors who have been running their businesses for at least three years and marketing their own products. The number of respondents who were successfully collected in this study was 105 people. The data analysis technique used was multiple linear regression analysis with the help of SPSS software version 23.0. The results of the study show that the variables of accounting knowledge, business capital, and business duration simultaneously or partially have a positive and significant effect on the success of MSME businesses in Tandes District. Accounting knowledge helps business actors in managing finances and recording transactions systematically. Adequate business capital is an important factor in business development and increasing production capacity. Meanwhile, the length of the business reflects the accumulation of experience and practical knowledge that can improve managerial efficiency and effectiveness. Thus, these three variables have a strategic role in increasing the success of MSMEs. This finding provides an implication that MSME empowerment programs should be focused on improving accounting literacy, wider access to capital, and long-term business assistance. Local governments and related institutions can take these results into consideration in designing policies that support the sustainable growth of MSMEs.

This research aims to comprehensively explore the strategic role of educators in improving the quality of learning at the elementary school level. In the context of basic education, teachers play a central role as agents of change and the main drivers in the learning process. The main focus of this research includes three important aspects, namely the professionalism of teachers in carrying out their duties, the challenges faced in the implementation of teaching and learning activities, and optimization strategies carried out to improve the quality of learning. The research was conducted at SDN 2 Kerso, Jepara Regency, using a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection techniques include in-depth interviews with educators and principals, direct observations in the classroom, and documentation of learning implementation plans and other supporting activities. The results of the study showed that the teachers in the school applied the practice of professionalism through work discipline, mastery of materials, pedagogical skills, and a humanist approach to students. In addition, they also use learning strategies that are adaptive, creative, and based on student needs. However, in practice, teachers face various challenges, including the diversity of student characters, low learning motivation, the influence of the family environment, limited learning facilities, and the lack of periodic training. To answer these challenges, teachers make various optimization efforts, such as participating in professional training, establishing collaboration between teachers, implementing reflective supervision, and building active communication with parents and the community. Support from school principals, committees, and social environments is also an important factor in supporting learning effectiveness. This study concludes that the improvement of the quality of learning in elementary schools is largely determined by the capacity, commitment, and ability of teachers to manage challenges creatively and professionally. With systemic support and sustainability of competency development, the role of teachers can be significantly optimized to create meaningful, effective, and sustainable learning.

The global halal industry is experiencing exponential growth with a market value of trillions of dollars, creating significant economic opportunities for Southeast Asian countries with large Muslim populations. The micro-livestock sector has unique characteristics that require a specialized approach in the implementation of an integrated halal assurance system, given limited resources, technical capacity and access to technology. The complexity of implementation presents multidimensional challenges covering technical, economic, social and regulatory aspects that require comprehensive analysis to understand the socio-economic impact on the sustainability of micro farms1. This study aims to analyze the socio-economic impact of implementing an integrated halal assurance system on the sustainability of micro livestock enterprises in Southeast Asia through an integrated legal and business perspective. Systematic literature review using PRISMA guidelines with searches through Google Scholar and Scopus for the period 2020-2025. Inclusion criteria included studies of halal assurance system implementation on Southeast Asian micro farms, socio-economic impact analysis, and integration of legal-business perspectives. Quality assessment using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) with systematic data extraction using Microsoft Excel 2021. Of the 321 articles identified, 7 high-quality studies were included with a selectivity rate of 2.2%. The findings show variations in implementation approaches between countries: Indonesia with Law No. 33/2014 and SEHATI program, Malaysia through JAKIM with MS 1500:2019 standard, Singapore via MUIS with strict supervision. Positive social impacts include increased social acceptance, empowerment of women and minority groups, and establishment of collaborative networks such as halal cooperatives. Significant economic impacts include increased consumer confidence, wider market access, and product competitiveness with premium prices of up to IDR 37,500/kg for certified products. Integration of legal-business perspectives creates synergy through ASEAN regulatory harmonization, blockchain technology, and multi-stakeholder collaboration. The implementation of an integrated halal assurance system has a transformative impact on the sustainability of Southeast Asian micro livestock businesses, strengthening the regional halal economy and contributing to the Sustainable Development Goals.

The implementation of Smart Public Management (SPM) in village governance aims to enhance efficiency, transparency, and public participation in administrative services. This study analyzes the optimization strategy of SPM at the Pasie Laweh Lubuk Alung Village Head Office to support sustainable development. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed, using in-depth interviews, observations, documentation, and questionnaires with village officials and service users. The findings reveal several challenges in implementing SPM, including limited technological infrastructure, low digital literacy among officials, and limited community participation in tech-based services. To address these issues, strategies such as improving human resource capacity through digital training, strengthening infrastructure, and promoting the benefits of digital services to the public are necessary. Collaboration with educational institutions and the private sector is also essential to support the development of an optimal digital system. With the right strategies, the Pasie Laweh Lubuk Alung Village Head Office is expected to improve the effectiveness of digital public services, enhance governance transparency, and foster active community involvement. Optimizing Smart Public Management can serve as a model for other village governments in building a modern, efficient, and sustainable administrative system.

This study discusses the legal reconstruction of the authority of the Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia (ORI) after the Constitutional Court (MK) Decision Number 62/PUU-VIII/2010, with a focus on advocacy based on pseudo/quasi principles. The Ombudsman, as an independent state institution, plays a role in supervising the implementation of public services to prevent and deal with maladministration. However, the existence of Article 43 of Law Number 37 of 2008 concerning the Ombudsman and the Constitutional Court's decision creates the potential for norm inharmonization that has an impact on the implementation of the Ombudsman's duties. This study analyzes two main things: legal certainty on the authority of the Ombudsman after the Constitutional Court's decision and legal reconstruction to strengthen the supervisory function of public services. The results show that the pseudo/quasi principle allows the Ombudsman to carry out an advocacy function similar to the judiciary, but without full executive power such as the judiciary. Legal certainty is needed to ensure that the Ombudsman's actions remain within the limits of the authority regulated by law. Legal reconstruction is suggested to provide stronger legitimacy to the Ombudsman's authority, including strengthening the recommendation aspect to be more binding and implementive. This reconstruction also includes increasing institutional capacity, coordination between agencies, and strengthening regulations that support supervisory functions that are more responsive to the needs of the community. Thus, this research contributes to the development of public service law, especially related to the role of the Ombudsman in realizing transparent, accountable, and fair services.

Hydrocephalus increases cerebrospinal fluid due to either excessive production or impaired absorption, often accompanied by increased intracranial pressure. In Indonesia, hydrocephalus affects 10 out of every 1,000 newborns annually. In adolescents and adults, toxoplasmosis is the most common cause. Among infant cases, 46% result from brain development abnormalities, 50% from subarachnoid hemorrhage and meningitis, and less than 4% from posterior fossa tumors. Central Java reports the highest rate of toxoplasmosis at 10%. Common signs and symptoms of hydrocephalus include increased cerebrospinal fluid, seizures, irritability, headaches, vision problems, and head enlargement. To improve reduced intracranial adaptive capacity caused by cerebrospinal fluid obstruction, nurses can apply a 30° head-up therapy. This intervention helps lower intracranial pressure and improve brain oxygenation. the effectiveness of 30° head-up positioning in addressing decreased intracranial adaptive capacity in post-VP shunting hydrocephalus patients. The nursing intervention was implemented on Mrs. S using the 30° head-up position. As a result, the patient reported reduced headache, and her blood pressure decreased to 135/90 mmHg.

The role of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) is very significant for the growth of Indonesia’s economy, accounting for 99% of all business units. The development of MSMEs in Blitar Regency has experienced significant growth in terms of both the number of entrepreneurs and revenue. The objectives of this research are (1) to identify and analyze the potential of the creative economy in the development of MSMEs in Blitar Regency, (2) to formulate appropriate strategies to enhance the competitiveness and growth of MSMEs in the creative economy sector in Blitar Regency. The approach used in this research is a phenomenological qualitative approach. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation and structured interviews conducted with key informants of this study, such as MSMEs actors, local government officials from the Department of Industry and Trade, and the Cooperative Office. The data analysis technique was conducted using data triangulation with the following steps: data collection, data analysis, conclusion, and data validation. The research results show that the creative economy model used by the local government in developing MSMEs in Blitar Regency includes the utilization of ideas and creativity, strengthening MSMEs through digitalization, business mentoring, development of superior products, and connection with the people's economy. The challenges in the development of MSMEs include increasingly tight market competition both online and offline; limited access to capital; limited access to digital technology; lack of understanding of business management; limited product innovation; ineffective marketing; and business legality. The strategies implemented include enhancing digital marketing, improving product and service quality, strengthening business capital, increasing capacity and skills, utilizing technology, promoting and marketing products, and strengthening institutions and governance.

Th Advances in information technology have had a significant impact on various aspects of life, including organizational operations. The Mobile Attendance Application (K-Mob) is one implementation of information technology designed to simplify the process of recording attendance in real-time. However, this application is vulnerable to risks that can hamper operations, such as hacking, system failures, and data security issues. This study aims to identify, analyze, and evaluate risks that may affect K-Mob's performance using the ISO 31000 framework. The analysis process is carried out through communication with stakeholders, risk identification, and risk evaluation based on the frequency of occurrence and impact. The results show that significant risks faced include hardware damage, server disruptions, and data misuse. Risk management is carried out through mitigation strategies, such as system updates, infrastructure strengthening, and increasing human resource capacity. With this approach, risks can be minimized, ensuring the sustainability of K-Mob's operations, and improving system reliability. This study recommends regular risk evaluation and the development of adaptive strategies to address evolving threats. The implementation of ISO 31000 has been proven to provide effective guidance in information technology risk management.is.

This community service program focuses on empowering the local community of Kertosari Village, Purwosari District, Pasuruan Regency, through creative batik-making based on local wisdom. This activity aims to support the development of sustainable ecotourism and enhance the competitiveness of tourist destinations in the global era. Tourism, as defined in Indonesian Law No. 10 of 2009, includes activities aimed at recreation, self-development, and exploration of local attractions. Kertosari Village, recipient of the 2019 Indonesia Sustainable Tourism Award, has strong potential as an ecotourism village with unique natural and cultural assets. Through training and capacity-building, this program seeks to equip local residents with batik-making skills that can serve as cultural products for tourism promotion. Funded by Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya and supported by community partners, this initiative includes training sessions, seminars, and publications in SINTA-accredited journals and digital platforms. The expected outcomes are increased community participation in tourism, enhanced creative skills, and economic empowerment. Ultimately, this program aims to strengthen the identity of Kertosari Village as a sustainable tourist destination, while preserving local cultural heritage through batik.  

This study aims to identify the phonological differences shown by two three-year-old boys, namely Galfin Yasasi Habbika and Muhammad Arkhan Al Hafiz with different family backgrounds in Pangalengan, Bandung, and it analyzed the environmental factors and parental roles that contribute to variations in their phonological acquisition. This Study uses descriptive qualitative method with the data were conducted through video documentation of natural interactions and interviews with the parents of both children. The data collected were 18 utterances from each child which were then analyzed based on phonological aspects to identify error patterns, compensation strategies, and articulation skills. The findings showed that the two children has different phonological development patterns with Galfin showing more conservative phonological strategy by maintaining the original word structure, and people interaction environment from digital medias showing good phonological awarenees in Indonesian language development. While Arkhan showed more active phonological reconstruction by transforming difficult words into more easly produced form with a family environment that often made direct correction to Arkhan’s phonological errors which more stable and consistent phonological structure. Their phonological development was also successfully achieve through a variety of consistent support strategies that were responsive to the child’s emotional state and learning style. The result of this study support Chomsky’s Language Acquisition Device theory, in which both children demonstrated an innate capacity for language learning while showing how environmental triggers activated and shaped this biological predisposition because the children's ability to produce complex phonological structures without explicit instruction supports the nativist perspective on language acquisition.          

The role of the principal in educational management has undergone significant changes in line with the dynamics of 21st-century needs. Demands for improved learning quality have led to the emergence of a new paradigm that positions the principal not merely as an administrative leader but as a learning leader capable of facilitating a culture of continuous learning within the school environment. This study aims to reflect on and reformulate the principal's strategic role through the integration of two leadership approaches: instructional leadership, which emphasizes strengthening the learning process, and transformational leadership, which focuses on vision, motivation, and empowerment of all school members. The method used is a literature review of 26 national and international scientific articles published in the last ten years. The results of the study indicate that the synthesis of these two leadership models strengthens the principal's capacity to create a collaborative, adaptive school climate oriented toward continuous improvement of educational quality. This research is expected to serve as a conceptual foundation for future school leadership development policies and practices.

Physiological quality deterioration during storage is a major factor contributing to the reduced germination capacity of rice seeds. Revitalization treatments are therefore essential to restore seed viability and promote optimal seedling development. One promising approach involves the application of plant growth regulators (PGRs) from the polyamine group, such as putrescine. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of varying concentrations and soaking durations of putrescine in improving the viability of deteriorated rice seeds. The experiment was conducted using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two factors: putrescine concentrations (0 ppm/ soaking in distilled water only, putrescine 15 ppm, putrescine 20 ppm, and putrescine 25 ppm) and soaking durations (3, 6, and 9 hours). The parameters evaluated included germination percentage and germination rate. Results indicated that treatment with 20 ppm putrescine combined with a 6-hour soaking period yielded the most significant improvement in seed viability. These findings suggest that putrescine treatment can effectively restore the physiological quality of rice seeds affected by storage-induced deterioration.

Public speaking training serves as an effective step in enhancing the capacity of rural youth in facing the challenges of globalization and the Industrial Revolution 4.0 era. This study aims to empower the youth of Hutanamora Village through public speaking skills training as part of a community service program. The method applied uses a participatory approach involving 15 participants aged between 15 and 18 years. The results of the activity show a significant improvement in self-confidence, the ability to organize ideas, as well as verbal and nonverbal communication skills. In addition to technical improvements, the training also fostered critical awareness, reflective abilities, and stronger self-assurance when engaging with an audience. The implementation of this activity demonstrates that public speaking training is not only a practical learning tool but also a means of social empowerment and character development for the younger generation. Therefore, such training is recommended to be carried out continuously as part of youth development programs in rural areas.

Small-scale Hydropower Plants (HPP) are an effective renewable energy alternative to meet electricity needs in remote areas. This study aims to develop and test a small-scale HPP model using a 24-volt DC generator as the main component. The development process involves analyzing water flow rates, head height, and the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy. The 24-volt DC generator was chosen due to its availability, high efficiency, and ease of integration with energy storage systems.This small-scale HPP model is expected to provide a reliable electricity solution for households or small communities, particularly in areas not yet connected to conventional power grids. This study also paves the way for further development, especially in optimizing design and utilizing more efficient components. With a generator capacity of 24 volts, the voltage produced will tend to be stable compared to a generator with a capacity of 12 volts. So that this study is able to provide an accurate impact given by the water discharge that drives the.

Community service activities to enhance the organizational capacity of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) in supporting local economic development through business management and digital marketing training in Serang Village, Cikarang Selatan Subdistrict. The method used was a participatory approach with a descriptive qualitative approach, aimed at encouraging active involvement of BUMDes managers and village communities in every stage of the activity. Data collection techniques included field observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation, with a focus on changes in BUMDes organizational capacity before and after the intervention. The results showed that BUMDes faced structural, technical, and institutional weaknesses, such as an unsystematic organizational structure, weak leadership, lack of business plans, and low adoption of digital technology. After the training, there was a significant improvement in organizational structure, strategic planning, financial accountability, and the use of digital platforms for marketing. The activity also succeeded in fostering a more participatory and innovative organizational culture and expanding strategic partnership networks. This transformation had a direct impact on improving the economic performance of BUMDes and community participation, making BUMDes a facilitator of inclusive local economic collaboration. These findings indicate that an integrated training approach is an effective strategic model for strengthening village economic institutions sustainably.

Oil palm development in Indonesia faces various agronomic constraints, especially related to soil chemical properties that are less supportive of productivity. This study aims to identify the status of soil chemical properties on oil palm land in Saliki Village, Muara Badak District, East Kalimantan, to support more appropriate land management. The research was conducted from September to November 2024 using a purposive random sampling method on 13 hectares of land, with six sampling center points and four subsamples per point. Laboratory analysis was conducted on soil pH, C-organic content, total N, available P, potential K, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and base saturation. The results showed that the soil in the 6-year-old oil palm land had a pH of 3.63-3.93 and base saturation of 13.69-13.81%, while at the age of 15 years, the pH decreased to 3.12-3.38 and base saturation was only 4.62-6.95%. Meanwhile, available P and potential K levels tended to increase with increasing plant age. Based on these findings, fertilization is recommended according to the IOPRI standard for mineral soils as follows: for 6 years old, urea 2.75 kg/year, TSP 1.75 kg/year, and KCl 2.75 kg/year, while for 11 and 15 years old, urea 3.25 kg/year, TSP 2 kg/year, and KCl 3 kg/year. This study emphasizes the importance of periodic monitoring of soil chemical properties as a basis for sustainable management of oil palm plantations.

Inclusive empowerment is a village development approach that emphasizes the active involvement of vulnerable groups—such as women, the elderly, people with disabilities , and the poor—in all stages of planning through to evaluation. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the Village-Owned Enterprises ( BUMDes ) program in Daha Utara District, South Kalimantan, in ensuring participation and accessibility for these groups. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through interviews with BUMDes managers and representatives of vulnerable groups. The evaluation was conducted based on William N. Dunn's six policy indicators: effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, fairness, responsiveness , and accuracy. The results show that the BUMDes program has had a limited positive impact on increasing the income of vulnerable groups, but their involvement is still limited, both in terms of participation and physical access. The main challenges include the lack of disability- friendly infrastructure , minimal capacity training, and community resistance due to low program transparency. On the other hand, local cultural support such as mutual cooperation, involvement of traditional leaders, and partnerships with the village government are important supporting factors. This study recommends increasing human resource capacity, strengthening inclusive infrastructure, socialization based on local wisdom, and adaptive digitalization to expand access. With strategic intervention, BUMDes is expected to be able to transform into a driving force for fair, participatory and sustainable village development.