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Improving the quality of Human Resources (HR) is a major challenge in facing global competition. Education as the main means of improving the quality of HR in Indonesia is still faced with the problem of inequality of access and quality between regions. This inequality causes disparities in educational development between urban and remote areas. This study focuses on grouping provinces in Indonesia based on aspects of educational development in 2023, using cluster analysis. Secondary data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) is used as the basis for analysis, including variables of average length of schooling, Gross Participation Rate (APK), Pure Participation Rate (APM), number of senior high schools, and community literacy development index. This study uses hierarchical and non-hierarchical cluster analysis methods to group provinces in Indonesia. The results of the hierarchical cluster analysis using the average linkage method show the most optimal cluster with the formation of three clusters. The first cluster consists of 31 provinces, the second cluster consists of 2 provinces, and the third cluster consists of 1 province. Data characteristics show large variations in the number of senior high schools and relative homogeneity in the average length of schooling between provinces.

Public Green Open Space (RTH) is an essential element in urban spatial planning to support environmental sustainability. Through the process of photosynthesis, RTH helps absorb carbon dioxide (CO₂) produced by human activities, such as transportation and industry, thus contributing to climate change mitigation. This study aims to explore the role of RTH in absorbing CO₂ and the challenges faced in its management. The study was conducted using a systematic approach through literature analysis and case studies in several cities in Indonesia and around the world. The research results indicate that vegetation type, area size, and environmental conditions are the main factors affecting the carbon absorption capacity of RTH. Large trees have a significantly higher capacity to absorb CO₂ compared to shrubs and grass, with the ability to absorb up to 250.63 tons of CO₂ per year per tree. However, challenges such as limited RTH area, urbanization pressure, and lack of public awareness remain obstacles to optimal RTH management. The recommendations of this study include increasing the area and quality of RTH through data-based strategies, community participation in management, and the development of policies that support sustainability. With proper management, RTH can function as a climate change mitigation tool while improving the quality of life for urban communities.  

This study aims to analyze consumer behavior in choosing substitute and complementary goods. The research was conducted on consumers in traditional markets, namely Petisah Market and Simpang Limun Market, as well as modern markets, namely Sun Plaza and Plaza Medan Fair in Medan City. The research sample consisted of 200 respondents selected using a purposive sampling method. The primary research instrument was a structured questionnaire designed with a five-point Likert scale to measure respondents' perceptions of factors influencing their choices, such as the price of goods. The data were analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Quantitative analysis involved descriptive statistics to describe the characteristics of respondents and data distribution. The analysis results indicate that consumers tend to choose substitute goods when the price of primary goods increases. Furthermore, price significantly influences purchasing decisions for both substitute and complementary goods. Consumers are more sensitive to price changes in substitute goods due to their tendency to seek cheaper alternatives. In contrast, for complementary goods, an increase in the price of primary goods tends to reduce the demand for complementary goods, as they are often used together. The implications of this study suggest that appropriate pricing strategies can optimize the demand for substitute goods, while careful consideration is needed when setting prices for complementary goods.

This study examines how women entrepreneurs in Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the creative economy sector leverage digital technology to strengthen their roles in the urban tourism ecosystem. Using a qualitative approach supported by secondary data and non-intervention observations over six months in South Jakarta, the study analyzes the dynamics of digital adoption, the cultural value of creative products, and structural barriers affecting women's entrepreneurial experiences. The findings reveal that digital utilization is most prominent on easily accessible platforms such as Instagram, TikTok, and WhatsApp, while the use of more complex tools, such as marketplaces, websites, and analytics, remains limited. Women’s creative products, in subsectors like culinary, crafts, fashion, and others, prove to enrich the tourism experience and reinforce the city's destination identity. However, low digital literacy, minimal mentoring, and weak integration into the formal tourism supply chain hinder the optimization of these potentials. Additionally, the digital adoption patterns found support the Technology Acceptance Model's explanation that the perceived ease of use is a key factor in early technology adoption. This study fills an important gap in the literature by linking gender issues, digital transformation, the creative economy, and urban tourism within a unified framework. The research emphasizes the importance of strengthening digital capabilities and structured collaboration between women-led MSMEs and tourism stakeholders to enhance the sustainable competitiveness of destinations.

The role of the mosque as a space for contemplation amidst the busy urban life. Mosques do not only serve as places of ritual worship, but also as spaces for spiritual reflection that help Muslims find inner peace. The simple and calming architecture and layout of the mosque provide a spiritual atmosphere that supports contemplation and mental tranquility. The purpose of this research is to explain the role of the mosque as a place of contemplation for individuals seeking peace amidst the activities and pressures of daily life. This research uses a literature review method with a tahlili interpretation approach to analyze relevant sources from the past 8 years. The research results prove that the main factors helping individuals achieve inner peace are practices such as dhikr, congregational prayers, and a solemn atmosphere during prayers. Spiritual activities in the mosque provide an opportunity for congregants to momentarily detach from worldly pressures and focus on their relationship with Allah, which significantly enhances their sense of peace and tranquility.

One of the tropical infectious diseases in developing countries is typhoid fever. Typhoid fever is often found in people's lives, both in urban and rural areas. This disease is very closely related toclean and healthy living behavior(PHBS) such as poor environmental sanitation, personal hygiene and daily community behavior. Purpose To find outThe Relationship between Mother's Knowledge and Clean and Healthy Living Behavior towards Typhoid Fever in Toddlers in the Children's Ward of Dr. H. Yulidin Away Tapaktuan Regional Hospital. This research method is descriptive correlation with Cross Sectional approach with a sample size of 52 parents with typhoid fever cases. The results of this study obtained p-value results = 0.000 <0.05 so that there is a relationship between the two variables. Conclusion There is a significant relationship between the level of knowledge with clean and healthy living behavior (PHBS) on typhoid fever in toddlers in the children's room of Dr. H Yulidin Away Tapaktuan Hospital. Suggestions from the results of this study provide input to service institutions and become guidelines for maximizing the implementation of clean and healthy living behavior (PHBS) in parents whose children are being treated with typhoid fever cases.

Effective urban spatial planning is a key element in supporting sustainable urban development. Tangerang, as one of the rapidly growing urban areas, faces significant challenges due to conflicts between increasing population density and the need for green spaces as ecological balancing elements. This study aims to analyze the issues of urban spatial planning in Tangerang, focusing on the factors driving the conflict between population density and the provision of green spaces. A qualitative approach was used, involving secondary data analysis from urban spatial planning documents, government policies, and relevant literature reviews.The findings indicate that high urbanization rates, discrepancies in the implementation of spatial planning policies, and low public awareness of the importance of green spaces are the primary factors exacerbating the problem. Additionally, the lack of green spaces has negative impacts on environmental quality, such as rising urban temperatures, increased flooding, and a decline in residents' quality of life. As a solution, this study recommends integrating spatial planning strategies based on ecological approaches, including optimizing zoning policies, developing vertical gardens in densely populated areas, and enhancing community participation in green space conservation. These findings are expected to contribute to more sustainable urban spatial planning in Tangerang and other cities facing similar challenges.

Vertical Aquaponics System for Optimal Space Management Overview Due to rapid urban development, less land available for agriculture. Vertical aquaponics systems offer innovative solutions to overcome these problems. This research aims to design and develop a vertical aquaponic system that is efficient and effective in utilizing limited urban space. This system combines fish farming and plant cultivation simultaneously in a closed system. The nutrient-rich water from the fish pond is flowed into the plant substrate in a circular process. The vertical design of the system allows for high productivity in very limited areas. . The results of the study aim to contribute to the development of sustainable urban agriculture and increase food availability in urban areas.  Overview Due to rapid urban development, less and less land is available for agricultural activities. Vertical aquaponics systems offer innovative solutions to overcome these problems. This research aims to design and develop a vertical aquaponics system that efficiently and effectively utilizes limited space in the city. This system combines fish farming and plant cultivation simultaneously in a closed system. Nutrient-rich water from fish ponds is flowed into the plant growth substrate. The results of this research are expected to contribute to the development of sustainable urban agriculture and increase food availability in urban areas.

The development of intelligent multimedia technology has had a significant impact on various sectors, especially in education, social, and cultural fields. This article discusses the latest trends in the use of intelligent multimedia and related technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), and Virtual Reality (VR), which have transformed the way we learn and interact with the world around us. In the context of education, intelligent multimedia enables a more personalized and adaptive approach to students' needs, enhancing educational accessibility, and reducing the educational gap between urban and rural areas. This technology also contributes greatly to creating a more interactive and engaging learning environment. On the other hand, the use of intelligent multimedia in social and cultural fields opens up opportunities to enrich local identities in the face of globalization, by incorporating traditional cultural elements into technology-based product designs. However, despite its many benefits, the implementation of intelligent multimedia technologies faces various challenges, such as infrastructure issues, limited budgets, and resistance from some educators who are not yet familiar with new technologies. Therefore, it is essential to ensure adequate digital literacy so that future generations can fully utilize this technology responsibly. In conclusion, intelligent multimedia has great potential to improve the quality of life, but its application must be carried out wisely, taking into account long-term impacts on society and culture.

Household waste management in urban areas is a complex environmental challenge due to the increasing volume of waste each year. Poorly managed waste has the potential to cause environmental issues, such as water, soil, and air pollution, as well as health impacts on the community. This Community Service Program (PKM) aims to provide training in processing household waste into economically valuable products for urban communities in Baguala District, Ambon City. The training activities encompass various stages, from education on waste sorting, techniques for processing organic waste into compost, to processing inorganic waste into crafts and recycled products with market value. Through this training, it is hoped that the community will understand the importance of sustainable waste management and be able to utilize household waste as an additional source of income. The results of the activities show that participants are able to process household waste into economically valuable products, such as compost and recycled crafts. This program not only contributes to reducing urban waste but also supports community economic empowerment through a circular economy approach.

The important role of murals in building the architectural and visual identity of a city. Murals have become an integral part of public spaces in many cities, not only as beautiful works of art, but also as a medium to convey social, cultural and political messages. In the urban context, murals play a key role in building the image and character of a city, especially by utilizing open spaces that are often not optimally utilized. The identity of a city is not only determined by its buildings and physical infrastructure, but also by how people interact with the space around them, and murals are an important element in this process. With a deep understanding of the history, aesthetics and symbolism of murals, we can see how this medium can be utilized to create a more vibrant, meaningful urban environment that reflects local identity. This topic is very interesting and important in the context of current urban development, and this abstract provides an overview of the initial focus of research that will explore the findings and apply relevant practices.

This study presents the development and evaluation of an automatic passenger counting system for public buses using the YOLOv8 algorithm based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). Accurate passenger counting plays a crucial role in optimizing public transportation operations, as it enables effective capacity management, reduces operational costs, and improves overall passenger comfort. Conventional manual counting methods are often inefficient, time-consuming, and prone to human error, particularly in high-density urban transportation environments. Therefore, an automated and intelligent solution is required to support real-time monitoring and operational decision-making. The proposed system employs deep learning-based object detection to identify and count passengers from video streams captured by cameras installed inside buses. Two camera positions, namely front and rear views, were evaluated to assess system performance under different visual conditions. The experimental results show that the system achieves high detection accuracy in the front camera view, with a confidence score of 0.82, indicating reliable performance in scenarios with minimal object occlusion. In contrast, the rear camera view demonstrates slightly lower accuracy, with a confidence score of 0.76, mainly due to increased object overlap and variations in lighting conditions. These findings emphasize the importance of appropriate camera placement and environmental consideration in improving detection reliability. In addition, the implementation of the proposed system enables real-time monitoring of passenger flow, which supports dynamic scheduling, demand-based route planning, and efficient fleet management. Accurate passenger data allows transportation operators to optimize service allocation, reduce congestion, and enhance overall service quality. Overall, this study contributes to the development of intelligent transportation systems by demonstrating the practical applicability of deep learning-based passenger counting solutions. The proposed approach offers strong potential for real-world deployment in smart city environments, supporting the creation of more sustainable, efficient, and passenger-oriented public transportation services.

Persuasive communication is an important strategy in conveying public policy to urban communities that tend to be busy and diverse. This study examines the role of persuasive techniques in increasing understanding and support for policies to reduce the use of single-use plastics. Using an experimental method, the results of the study show that messages delivered with emotional narratives and scientific facts have the most significant impact.

Mosques play a crucial role in the lives of Muslim communities, not only as places of worship but also as centers for disseminating information and facilitating social communication. This study aims to explore the function of mosques in spreading information and facilitating communication, both through traditional methods and modern digital technology. The research utilizes a qualitative approach, involving field studies and in-depth interviews at several mosques in urban and rural areas. The findings indicate that mosques serve as strategic hubs for conveying religious, social, and cultural information through sermons, religious lectures, and community discussions. Mosques also function as public spaces, enabling communication across different social strata and generations. In the digital era, many mosques have embraced social media to reach a wider congregation, though some rural mosques still face technological limitations. The role of mosques in spreading information and facilitating communication has positive impacts on strengthening social solidarity, enhancing religious literacy, and empowering communities. In conclusion, mosques remain vital institutions for reinforcing social cohesion and communication within Muslim communities, though challenges remain in optimizing their role in the modern era.

Rural and Urban Land and Building Tax is one of the main sources of State revenue for development financing. In the implementation of PBB-P2 collection, there are still many people who are not aware of the rights and obligations in paying taxes, this is due to the fact that there is still very low public awareness and knowledge in paying taxes. Public awareness as taxpayers in paying taxes will increase if there is an understanding of taxes in society. This research is an empirical legal research where data is obtained directly from the research location. Two types and sources of data are used, namely: primary data and secondary data. The data collection technique uses interview guidelines and literature/journal studies. The results of this study show that: (1). Taxpayer income in Fatululi Village is still very low in taxpayer awareness, economic conditions and the influence of Covid-19. (2). The government's countermeasures are still lacking in socialization or counseling to the taxpayer community. Suggestions need to be further increased socialization or counseling to the public about understanding paying PBB and need to be emphasized the existing tax sanctions.

This study examines the role of mosques in improving access to education for the community, focusing on the solutions offered in facing the challenges of the times. Mosques, which have been known as places of worship, also function as vital education centers, both for religious education and practical skills. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, with data collection through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation studies in several mosques in urban and rural areas. The results show that mosques play an active role in providing inclusive education and empowering communities, especially vulnerable groups. The educational programs implemented in mosques not only improve people's literacy and skills, but also strengthen positive social and cultural values. The findings are expected to provide insights into the contribution of mosques in creating sustainable solutions for access to education, as well as educating future generations who are competitive and characterized.

Around 41.8% of pregnant women around the world experience anemia. The prevalence of anemia in pregnant women in the world is estimated at around 57.1% in Africa, 48.2% in Asia, 25.1% in Europe and 24.1% in America. The results of Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) in 2013, the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women in Indonesia was around 37.1%, with hemoglobin levels < 11.0 g/dL approaching the proportion between urban areas 36.4% and rural areas 37.8%. Based on the 2001 Household Health Survey (SKRT), the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women was 40.1%. Meanwhile, the 2004 DKI Jakarta survey showed that the prevalence rate of anemia in pregnant women was 43.5%. The general aim of this research was to determine differences in hemoglobin levels in pregnant women in the first, second and third trimesters at the Gebang Health Center, Langkat Regency in 2024. Hemoglobin examination in pregnant women aims to To find out whether the mother is experiencing blood deficiency or not, namely by checking hemoglobin levels during pregnancy. The method is quantitative research with an analytical survey method using a cross sectional design, namely, a study that concerns risk factors using a retrospective approach. Analysis shows that there are differences in hemoglobin levels in the first, second and third trimesters. The average hemoglobin levels in the first trimester (11.7 g/dL) and II (11.0 g/dL) were still within normal limits, while the hemoglobin in the third trimester (10.2 g/dL) was abnormal. Hemoglobin levels < 11.0 g/dL in pregnant women can be said to be anemia, whereas if hemoglobin levels in pregnant women are > 11.0 g/dL it is not said to be anemia. So it can be seen that hemoglobin levels in the third trimester are lower than hemoglobin levels in the first and second trimesters. Pregnant women are expected to be able to check their pregnancy by carrying out an HB examination.

The manual registration information system for incoming students is still commonly used by certain universities and colleges in Indonesia. However, the challenge lies in the fact that many potential students, especially those living outside urban areas, face difficulties with manual procedures and indeed many colleges still need a more efficient and effective information system to facilitate ownership of exam participant cards. The purpose of this study is to design a new student admissions website using PHP and MySQL to facilitate online registrants in ownership of exam participant cards. The methodology used in this study involves a system development research procedure, specifically focusing on creating a web-based system for new student admissions information that can be accessed via a web browser. The system for new student admissions information was developed using the PHP programming language and utilizing the MySQL database as a database server. The results of the design of this new student admissions website show that the newly implemented web-based student admissions system is able to offer convenience to prospective students in accessing broad information about the admissions process, as well as completing registration procedures, making online payments, and issuing exam participant cards. Hopefully this system will continue to be developed and can be applied in every college.

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have become essential technological tools for collecting, storing, processing, analyzing, and visualizing spatial data to support various human activities. The rapid advancement of information technology has significantly expanded the use of GIS, particularly through web-based platforms and mobile applications, enabling wider accessibility and real-time data utilization. This study focuses on analyzing the utilization of GIS applications and websites across multiple sectors and their contributions to improving efficiency, accuracy, and decision-making processes in daily life. The main objective of this research is to identify, evaluate, and synthesize recent developments in GIS implementation through a systematic literature review. Scientific articles were collected from reputable international and national journals published within the last five years (2018–2022). A total of 130 international journals and 100 national journals were initially identified through database searches. After applying relevance screening and inclusion criteria, 33 selected articles were analyzed in depth to extract key findings, application trends, and potential research gaps. The results show that GIS applications and web-based systems play a vital role in supporting various sectors. In education, GIS facilitates spatial mapping for industrial internship placement (PRAKERIN) and school zoning management. In healthcare, GIS assists in mapping healthcare facilities, including pharmacies and hospitals, to improve service accessibility. In transportation, GIS-based systems provide route planning, traffic monitoring, and public transport information to enhance mobility and reduce congestion. GIS applications are also increasingly applied in environmental monitoring, disaster management, urban planning, and natural resource management. Overall, this study emphasizes the growing importance of GIS technologies as strategic tools for data-driven decision-making and sustainable development. The findings are expected to provide valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers in optimizing GIS-based solutions to improve public services and quality of life.

Traditional weaving art is an important part of Indonesia's cultural heritage, but is often less well-known to the younger generation. This study examines innovative ways to combine traditional weaving elements in contemporary designs for fashion and interior products. With a qualitative research approach through interviews with fashion designers and weaving artisans, this study highlights the efforts to transform traditional art into a modern context that is acceptable to urban society. The conclusion shows that contemporary weaving-based design can enrich cultural appreciation and economic value of these works.