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The management of Regional Government Assets is an imprortant aspect in supporting the effectiveness and efficiency of local government administration. One of the problems frequently faced by local governments is the high maintenance cost of official vehicles that are damaged or no longer fit for use, which leads to budget inefficiency and prevents effective asset management. This research used a qualitative research method, with data collection techniques consisting of interviews, observation, and documentation studies. The results of the research indicated that the disposal of damaged official vehicles was carried out through aucation and destruction mechanisms following the provisions of applicable laws and regulations. The disposal of official vehicles has been proven to reduce maintenance cost burdens and improve the efficiency of regional asset management. Therefore, the disposal of damaged offical vehicles constitutes a strategic solution for achieving efficient and accountable management of regional government assets.

The success of this program is highly influenced by the quality of regional planning coordinated by the Regional Development Planning, Research, and Innovation Agency. This research aimed to identify and analyze the role of the Regional Development Planning, Research, and Innovation Agency in planning the handling of uninhabitable houses, understand the stages of the planning process, and determine the factors that influence its effectiveness. This research used a descriptive qualitative approach through observation, interviews, documentation, and literature study during the internship period in the Infrastructure and Regional Development Division. The results showed that the Regional Development Planning, Research, and Innovation Agency has carried out its functions as a facilitator, verifier, and evaluator by integrating the uninhabitable houses program into the Regional Medium-Term Development Plan, the Regional Government Work Plan, and the Strategic Plans of regional agencies. However, several obstacles were still encountered, including limited budget allocation, delays and inaccuracies in data, inadequate human resource capacity, and suboptimal coordination among stakeholders. Therefore, it was necessary to improve institutional capacity, strengthen information systems, and enhance cross-sectoral synergy so that the planning for handling uninhabitable houses can be implemented more effectively, accurately targeted, and sustainably.

Public service in the transportation sector plays a strategic role in ensuring public safety and comfort, particularly through roadworthiness testing (Kir) for public transportation. This study aims to analyze the implementation of public services in roadworthiness testing at the Bandar Lampung City Transportation Agency and to identify the factors influencing its service quality. The research employs a qualitative approach, with data collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The results indicate that the roadworthiness testing has been implemented systematically in accordance with statutory regulations, covering the stages of registration, technical inspection, result determination, and administrative completion. The application of technical inspections and on-field safety inspections (ramp checks) demonstrates the local government's commitment to improving public service quality and transportation safety. However, the implementation still faces several obstacles, including technological system disruptions, long waiting times, limited testing facilities and infrastructure, and a lack of understanding among some service users regarding the importance of roadworthiness. This study concludes that enhancing public services in roadworthiness testing requires strengthening the service systems, increasing human resource capacity, and raising public awareness to ensure services operate more effectively and remain oriented toward the public interest

This study aims to analyze Indonesia’s foreign policy in the G20 Bali Leaders’ Declaration of 2022 by mapping national interests to understand the direction and priorities of Indonesian diplomacy amid complex global geopolitical dynamics. Employing a qualitative descriptive-analytical approach and the Rational Choice Theory framework, this research examines how Indonesia, as G20 Presidency, conducted rational calculations between domestic interests and external pressures—particularly regarding the Russia–Ukraine conflict. The findings reveal that Indonesia successfully embedded its national interests into four main dimensions: non-traditional security, strategic economy (energy transition, digitalization, food security), an inclusive global order, and ideological values rooted in the free and active principle. These were effectively integrated into the final declaration. Through an active-inclusive diplomatic strategy including shuttle diplomacy and carefully neutral diplomatic language Indonesia maintained consensus despite deep geopolitical polarization. This demonstrates that Indonesia’s foreign policy during its G20 Presidency was the result of deliberate rational choice, not only addressing global challenges but also reinforcing its role as a credible middle power and bridge-builder. The study contributes theoretically to rationality-based foreign policy analysis and offers practical insights for future Indonesian multilateral diplomacy.

Male infertility represents a major global health concern, with oxidative stress playing a central role in the deterioration of sperm quality. In recent years, growing attention has been directed toward herbal medicine as a potential alternative or complementary therapy due to its antioxidant and multi-target properties. However, a comprehensive long-term overview of the global research landscape in this field remains limited. A bibliometric and visualized analysis was conducted using publications indexed in the Scopus database from 2005 to 2025. Eligible peer-reviewed articles were retrieved following PRISMA guidelines. Bibliometric indicators were analyzed using Biblioshiny (R-Bibliometrix) to assess publication trends, leading contributors, and thematic evolution, while VOSviewer was employed to visualize international collaboration networks, co-citation patterns, and keyword co-occurrence clusters. A total of 562 articles were included, revealing a strong upward trend in scientific output, particularly after 2016, with an annual growth rate of 15.78% and a peak in 2025. Iran, China, and Nigeria emerged as the most productive countries, while the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and several universities in Africa, the Middle East, and Asia were identified as leading institutions. Keyword analysis highlighted three dominant research fronts: semen quality assessment, testicular histopathology, and oxidative stress–related molecular mechanisms. The collaboration network indicated increasing global and South–South research synergy. The field of herbal medicine for male infertility has evolved into a mature and multidisciplinary research domain, increasingly grounded in mechanistic and experimental evidence. These findings provide a strategic overview of research hotspots and emerging trends, offering valuable guidance for future experimental and clinical investigations.

This article aims to analyze the role of human resource management in improving organizational performance and formulate strategic recommendations based on improvements in human resource management practices. The theoretical foundations used include strategic human resource management theory, organizational performance theory, and work motivation theory, which are used to examine the functions of workforce planning, competency development, performance appraisal, and reward systems. This study employed a qualitative, descriptive-analytical approach, with data collection techniques including in-depth interviews, non-participant observation, and documentation studies. Data analysis was conducted using an interactive qualitative analysis model that encompasses data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The analysis results indicate that workforce planning based on organizational needs, continuous competency development, an objective performance appraisal system, and a performance-based reward system are directly related to increased effectiveness, productivity, and stability of organizational performance. Furthermore, efforts to improve human resource management practices through policy evaluation, strengthening strategic planning, enhancing internal communication, and data-driven decision-making have proven to be a strong foundation for formulating strategic recommendations for the organization. The study's conclusions confirm that the systematic and strategic integration of human resource management functions is a key factor in achieving sustainable organizational performance and adapting to changes in the work environment.

Indonesian language education plays a strategic role in strengthening national identity and preserving cultural values amid the pressures of globalization. In the global era, the dominance of foreign languages, digital media, and transnational cultures poses challenges to the existence of national languages and local cultural identities. This study aims to analyze the role of Indonesian language education as an instrument for reinforcing national identity and cultural awareness in formal educational settings. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method with a literature review approach, examining scientific journals, policy documents, and relevant educational studies published within the last five years. Data were analyzed through content analysis to identify patterns, themes, and conceptual relationships related to language education and cultural identity. The findings reveal that Indonesian language education not only functions as a medium of communication but also serves as a vehicle for transmitting national values, cultural narratives, and collective identity. Learning materials that integrate local wisdom, literature, and cultural texts significantly contribute to students’ cultural awareness and national character development. Furthermore, Indonesian language education plays an important role in fostering critical literacy, cultural resilience, and a sense of belonging among learners in a globalized context. The study implies that strengthening Indonesian language education through curriculum development, contextual learning, and teacher competence enhancement is essential to sustaining national identity and cultural continuity in the era of globalization.

Cooperatives, as the backbone of the people's economy, play a strategic role in improving the welfare of their members, particularly through the management of business profits. This role becomes even more complex when cooperatives receive government assistance sourced from state finances, as its management concerns not only the internal interests of the cooperative, but also the public interest. In practice, the extensive authority of cooperative administrators is often not balanced with strict restrictions and effective oversight mechanisms, thereby creating the potential for abuse of authority and weak accountability. The purpose of this study is to determine whether legal regulations can limit the authority of administrators so that they do not abuse government assistance and to determine whether existing regulations provide adequate oversight mechanisms. The research method used was normative juridical with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The results of the study show that normatively, the authority of cooperative administrators has been limited through the principle of delegation from member meetings and accountability obligations, and reinforced by the state financial legal regime through government assistance. In addition, the supervisory mechanism has been regulated in layers through internal and external supervision, although in practice it still has the potential to be formalistic. The implication of this study is the importance of strengthening the implementation of authority restrictions and effective supervisory mechanisms in order to realize accountable, transparent, and sustainable cooperative governance, while maintaining public trust in government assistance programs.

This study aims to analyze the strategic management of disaster services in handling flood-affected communities in Surabaya City. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with an analytical framework of strategic management theory according to Wheelen and Hunger (2008), which includes four main stages: environmental observation, strategy formulation, strategy implementation, and evaluation and control. Data were obtained through documentation studies, field observations, and secondary data searches from official reports from the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD), the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), and relevant online sources. The results show that the BPBD of East Java Province has implemented a systematic strategic management cycle in disaster services. During the environmental observation stage, the BPBD was able to identify the main threat in the form of the dominance of hydrometeorological disasters, particularly floods. During the strategy formulation stage, the BPBD established a mission, objectives, and strategic policies focused on disaster risk reduction, increasing community preparedness, and strengthening cross-sectoral coordination. Strategy implementation is realized through mitigation, preparedness, and emergency response programs, as well as the utilization of early warning systems and command centers. Meanwhile, evaluation and control are carried out continuously through monitoring disaster events and adjusting policies based on actual conditions in the field. The flood-affected community management strategy demonstrates a responsive and collaborative approach, despite still facing structural challenges such as tidal flooding and limited drainage infrastructure. This study concludes that implementing strategic management based on the theory of Wheelen and Hunger (2008) can improve the effectiveness of disaster services, but requires strengthening long-term mitigation and community empowerment.

The agricultural sector is a vital pillar in maintaining food security and enhancing the livelihoods of rural communities. In an effort to improve agricultural productivity, the Government of Lamongan Regency, through the Food Security and Agriculture Agency (DKPP), has implemented the Agricultural Facilities and Infrastructure Provision and Development Program. This program is designed to strengthen agricultural production capacity by supporting the availability of farming machinery, improving irrigation networks, and developing farm access roads. Despite its strategic importance, the program’s implementation continues to encounter various obstacles, including constrained budget availability, unequal distribution of agricultural facilities, reliance on rain-fed irrigation systems, substandard farm road infrastructure, and limited intensity of agricultural extension services. This research aims to examine the implementation of the Agricultural Facilities and Infrastructure Provision and Development Program in Sukodadi Village, Sukodadi District, Lamongan Regency. The study adopts a qualitative descriptive approach, utilizing data collected through in-depth interviews, direct field observations, and document review. Analysis is conducted using the Van Meter and Van Horn policy implementation framework, which emphasizes six key variables: policy standards and objectives, resource adequacy, characteristics of implementing organizations, inter-organizational communication, implementer disposition, and social, economic, and political conditions. The results reveal that although policy standards and objectives are well defined, program execution remains suboptimal due to limited resources and insufficient institutional support at the operational level. Consequently, stronger coordination among implementing actors and improved resource optimization are necessary to achieve more effective and sustainable agricultural development outcomes.  

This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the dynamics of the financial condition of PT Indofood Sukses Makmur Tbk over a five-year period, namely from 2019 to 2023. This writing applies a quantitative descriptive methodology sourced from secondary data through audited annual financial reports. The main instruments in this data analysis include three pillars of financial ratios: Current Ratio (CR) as a representation of the liquidity aspect, Debt to Asset Ratio (DAR) to measure the level of solvency, and Return on Equity (ROE) as a benchmark for the effectiveness of the company's profitability. Through annual calculations and trend analysis, this study captures the development of the issuer's performance longitudinally. The results of the observation show a significant strengthening in the company's liquidity position, where the Current Ratio jumped from 127% in 2019 to 192% at the end of the 2023 period. In line with that, the solvency profile shows fundamental improvements; Debt reliance, which had reached 51% in mid-2020-2021, was successfully reduced to 46% in 2023. Meanwhile, the company's profitability demonstrated stable resilience, with a consistent ROE of 10% to 13%, despite fluctuations due to operational cost dynamics. Overall, PT Indofood Sukses Makmur Tbk demonstrated excellent financial health through strategic capital and asset management. As a sustainability measure, management is advised to continue optimizing current assets and tightening cost efficiency to secure future profit margins.

This study investigates the optimization of claims under the Indonesian Case-Based Groups (INA-CBGs) payment mechanism within the National Health Insurance Program (Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional) at Hospital X in Serang. The research aims to analyze the influence of managerial competence, digital adoption, and organizational behavior on claim effectiveness, with policy implementation serving as a moderating variable. Employing a quantitative explanatory approach, data were collected from 144 respondents comprising management staff, casemix teams, and medical record officers through questionnaires and structured interviews. Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) was applied to examine the relationships among variables. Findings reveal that managerial competence, digital adoption, and organizational behavior significantly and positively affect the optimization of INA-CBGs claims. Furthermore, the implementation of the National Health Insurance Program policy strengthens these relationships, enhancing claim efficiency and equity. The results align with the Resource-Based View theory, highlighting the strategic role of internal resources in achieving organizational performance. Managerial implications include capacity building for managers, integration of hospital information systems (SIMRS) with e-Claim platforms, and fostering collaborative organizational culture. Overall, the study underscores the importance of managerial, technological, and behavioral factors, moderated by policy implementation, in improving hospital claim optimization under the INA-CBGs system.

Work engagement is a crucial factor that supports organizational effectiveness, particularly within public institutions that bear significant responsibilities in delivering public services. This study aimed to examine the relationship between Perceived Organizational Support (POS) and Work Engagement among Civil Servants (Pegawai Negeri Sipil PNS) at the Medan Center for Drug and Food Control (Balai Besar Pengawas Obat dan Makanan BBPOM). A quantitative approach with a correlational research design was employed. The study population consisted of 127 civil servants, all of whom were included as research participants using a total sampling technique. Data were collected using the Survey of Perceived Organizational Support (SPOS) and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES). Data analysis was conducted using the Pearson Product-Moment Correlation test. The findings revealed a positive and significant relationship between Perceived Organizational Support and Work Engagement (r = 0.266; p = 0.002). These results indicate that higher levels of perceived organizational support are associated with higher levels of employee work engagement. Descriptively, the majority of respondents reported high levels of POS (66.9%) and high levels of work engagement (73.2%). The findings suggest that organizational support manifested through fairness, concern for employee well-being, supervisory support, and recognition of employee contributions plays an important role in enhancing employees’ vigor, dedication, and involvement in their work. This study provides practical implications for BBPOM Medan to continuously strengthen organizational support as a strategic effort to improve employee work engagement and optimize the performance of civil servants.

The training on computer network cabling conducted in schools serves not only to enhance students’ technical competencies but also functions as a strategic medium for developing collaborative attitudes, technological independence, and religious social harmony. Based on the community service activities carried out at SMA Negeri 3 Kota Sorong, the training integrated LAN cabling practice, the introduction of network devices, and guided sessions through observation, socialization, practicum, and evaluation. Throughout these stages, students gained direct experience in crimping, attaching RJ-45 connectors, testing cables with LAN testers, and simulating network configurations, which collectively strengthened their technical mastery. From the perspective of the sociology of religion, the training created a shared learning environment where students of diverse religious backgrounds collaborated equally in completing collective technical tasks. Values such as mutual respect, cooperation across differences, and social solidarity were visibly demonstrated as students helped one another in solving cabling-related challenges. Evaluation results indicate that participants became more independent in completing technical tasks and more open in communicating and interacting with peers of different beliefs. These findings emphasize that technology training can serve as a constructive medium for fostering religious social harmony and character building through practical experiences and meaningful social interaction.

This study aims to analyze the transformative impact of digitalization and technology in the manufacturing sector on improving operational efficiency, particularly in budgeting and resource utilization, as well as to identify the main barriers to technology adoption. Using a Literature Review and Case Study Analysis of secondary data (journals, company reports, and industry publications), it was found that digitalization and Automation supported by Artificial Intelligence (AI) fundamentally transform budgeting functions. This transformation has been shown to improve budget accuracy by up to 50% (reducing human errors) and process efficiency by up to 25%, turning budgets from static documents into adaptive and predictive control tools. Positive impacts are also observed in operations through increased production capacity (revenue surge) and the implementation of Predictive Maintenance, which reduces expenditure and asset downtime, in line with the principles Cost Efficiency and Lean Manufacturing. Nevertheless, the adoption of advanced technology faces significant obstacles, namely high initial capital investment and skill gaps among the workforce. It is concluded that the success of digitalization heavily depends on strategic budget planning to overcome capital barriers and adequate allocation of funds for Human Resource (HR) training to support effective collaboration between humans and machines.

Digital transformation has become imperative for organizations worldwide, yet the failure rate of these initiatives remains significantly high. This article aims to analyze the strategic role of Change Management in bridging the gap between technology adoption and human resource readiness. Using a descriptive qualitative method and recent literature review (2019-2023), this study finds that the main challenge in the digital era lies not in technological complexity, but in cultural resistance and employee mental unpreparedness. The results indicate that change management approaches focused on human-centric design, transparent communication, and digital upskilling are key to turning digital disruption into sustainable competitive opportunities. Effective digital transformation requires a deep understanding of organizational dynamics and employee attitudes toward change. Proper application of change management principles can reduce resistance, enhance collaboration, and ensure smoother technology adoption. Therefore, it's crucial for companies to integrate ongoing training and support into every stage of the digital transition to maximize its potential.

Almost all formal workers dedicate all their time and energy to their companies during their productive years. As a result, it is very difficult for workers to start other businesses besides their formal jobs. Without the skills and strategies for entrepreneurship, many workers find it difficult to survive when they reach retirement age. From a sustainable human resource management perspective, the retirement preparation period (MPP) is a strategic phase for maintaining the social welfare of employees and taking preventive measures to address post-retirement social issues such as decreased productivity, economic dependence, and individual social roles. For employees who will enter retirement age in the next two years, PT. Sindopex Perotama regularly conducts MPP training. This year, the MPP training was themed “food security to achieve food self-sufficiency in retirement.” PT. Sindopex Perotama collaborated with LS Farm, Trawas Eduwisata Center (TEC), and a team from KH. A. Wahab Hasbullah University (UNWAHA) Jombang as part of the Tridharma community service program. This activity was achieved by applying the results of evaluations from observations of previous activities so that it was on target through proper planning (identifying needs in collaboration with partners), implementing activities, and providing direct assistance at the activity location. This program is expected to bring about social change, such as greater social welfare for employees approaching retirement age, greater economic independence in terms of food, and greater awareness of the role of retirees in maintaining food availability and social harmony in their neighborhoods. In addition, this program demonstrates sustainable human resource management practices in companies that care about the welfare of their employees until they retire.

The development of digital media has created new spaces for Islamic preaching practices, particularly through social media platforms such as TikTok and YouTube. Amid the proliferation of religious content that may trigger social polarization, preaching based on Ahlussunnah wal Jama’ah (Aswaja) values plays a crucial role in strengthening religious moderation. This study aims to analyze the internalization of Aswaja values tawassuth (moderation), tasamuh (tolerance), and tawazun (balance) in digital da’wah content on TikTok and YouTube from the perspective of Islam Nusantara. This research employs a qualitative approach using content analysis of selected da’wah videos chosen through purposive sampling. The findings indicate that Aswaja values are internalized contextually and adaptively according to the characteristics of each platform. TikTok functions as an effective medium for delivering concise and persuasive messages, particularly related to tolerance and religious moderation, while YouTube serves as a space for deeper, more argumentative, and reflective Islamic discourse. These findings affirm that Aswaja based digital da’wah within the framework of Islam Nusantara plays a strategic role in promoting religious moderation and maintaining social harmony in a plural digital society.

The BIMP-EAGA Vision 2035 (BEV 2035) marks a significant paradigm shift in border management in Southeast Asia, with a primary focus on integrating a more inclusive, open, harmonized, and resilient system. In this context, sea-based border crossing posts (PLBN) in Indonesia, such as the Sebatik PLBN, the Serasan PLBN, and the Miangas and Marore Border Crossing Stations (BCS), play a strategic role as maritime connectivity nodes connecting Indonesia with neighboring countries. The transformation of these PLBNs faces several challenges, particularly related to the disharmony of CIQS (Customs, Immigration, Quarantine, and Security) regulations between countries, technical obstacles related to non-conventional vessels (NCSS), and inadequate port infrastructure. To overcome these obstacles, strategic measures are needed, such as revising cross-border trade agreements, increasing quarantine capacity and facilities, and strengthening maritime logistics networks between countries. Furthermore, the development of a sustainable blue economy in border areas is crucial to ensure that the PLBN functions not only as an administrative checkpoint but also as a key facilitator in driving economic growth based on maritime resources. Within the framework of the BIMP-EAGA Vision 2035, the Integrated Maritime PLBN is expected to reduce dependence on informal trade and improve the quality of life of border communities by accelerating connectivity, developing the maritime economic sector, and opening international market access for local products. Thus, the PLBN must transform into a catalyst for inclusive and environmentally friendly economic development in Indonesia's border regions.

The reform of criminal law in Indonesia has become an increasingly urgent necessity in line with social developments, technological advancement, and the growing complexity and diversity of crime. Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the new Criminal Code (Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana/KUHP) emerges as a comprehensive effort to replace the colonial-era Criminal Code and to align the national criminal law system with the current conditions of Indonesian society. This new Criminal Code introduces several significant changes, including the regulation of cybercrime, protection of the environment, the reinforcement of humanitarian values, and the strengthening of the principle of limiting criminal sanctions on individual liberty in order to ensure the protection of human rights. This paper aims to analyze the direction and substance of the Criminal Code reform, evaluate its potential implementation, and assess the implications of these changes for criminal law enforcement practices in Indonesia. The research method employed is a literature review using a normative approach, conducted through the analysis of statutory regulations, criminal law theories, and relevant case studies. The results of the analysis indicate that the new Criminal Code provides a more adaptive and responsive legal framework to contemporary issues; however, the effectiveness of its implementation largely depends on the readiness of law enforcement authorities, the intensity of regulatory socialization, and the level of public legal awareness. This study concludes that criminal law reform represents a strategic step toward realizing a criminal justice system that is more just, effective, and aligned with the values of Pancasila.