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Complementary therapy is increasingly receiving attention as an alternative approach in supporting the healing process and improving the quality of life of the community. One of the therapies that is popular among the people is cupping, which is known as a traditional method with a spiritual basis and extensive health benefits. This community service activity aims to introduce cupping therapy and increase public understanding of the basic principles, benefits, and safety aspects in practice. The activity will be carried out in August 2025 by directly involving the community through the method of health education lectures and case discussions in the field. The counseling material includes the history of cupping, medical indications, implementation procedures, and the importance of maintaining the cleanliness of the device and the therapeutic environment. People's motivations in choosing complementary therapy, especially cupping include affordable cost factors, therapist friendliness, family support, religious beliefs, and belief in the effectiveness of natural remedies. The results showed a significant increase in the knowledge and awareness of the community, especially students, regarding cupping therapy as part of a safe and beneficial complementary approach. The conclusion of this activity emphasizes that education about complementary therapies, especially cupping, can be an effective strategy in expanding public health insights and encouraging the wise and responsible use of traditional therapies.

The skincare industry is growing very rapidly along with increasing public awareness of the importance of proper skin care. However, in marketing their products, many business actors make exaggerated claims regarding product benefits that are often not supported by facts or scientific evidence. The study aims to analyze the application of consumer legal protection in overclaiming actions carried out by business actors on skincare products from the perspective of Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. The research method applied is the normative juridical method with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. In this study, the practice of overclaiming carried out by business actors on skincare products is contrary to applicable legal provisions, namely Articles 8 and 10 of the Consumer Protection Law. These articles prohibit business actors from providing misleading information about a product and violate consumer rights as defined in Article 4 of the Consumer Protection Law. Although normatively the law has provided sufficient protection for consumers, its implementation in the field still faces many challenges. Supervision from the government and related institutions such as the BPOM is very necessary to ensure business actors' compliance with applicable regulations. Firm and consistent law enforcement is also needed to make business actors more responsible in providing information to consumers and to foster healthy and ethical skincare industry climate.

Based on data from the South Nias District Health Office, the number of hypertension cases at Bawomataluo Public Health Center increased steadily from 2022 to 2024. This condition posed a high risk of leading to severe complications such as heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, and damage to other organs. This study aimed to examine the factors influencing compliance with blood pressure control among hypertensive patients within the working area of Bawomataluo Public Health Center in the year 2025. This research employed a quantitative method using an analytic survey design with a cross-sectional approach. The population consisted of 185 individuals who had been diagnosed with hypertension over the past six months (from July to December 2024). A purposive sampling technique was used to select 127 participants. Data analysis included univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses. Using logistic regression with the forward method, the results showed that knowledge had a significance value of 0.002 with an Exp(B) of 5.680; family support had a significance value of 0.000 with an Exp(B) of 6.740; motivation had a significance value of 0.000 with an Exp(B) of 6.947; and self-confidence had a significance value of 0.001 with an Exp(B) of 5.706. Among these, motivation was identified as the most dominant factor due to having the highest odds ratio (Exp(B)). The findings indicated that knowledge, family support, motivation, and self-confidence significantly affected compliance with blood pressure control among hypertensive patients at Bawomataluo Public Health Center. Motivation emerged as the most influential factor. It was recommended that the health center actively provide support and encouragement to patients suffering from hypertension.

Child developmental delay is a public health issue that needs to be identified early to prevent long-term impacts on children’s quality of life. In Rantau Prapat Sub-district, cases are still found among toddlers with undernutrition, incomplete immunizations, and suboptimal developmental stimulation, which may pose risks of growth and developmental delays. This study aims to apply the Naive Bayes method in identifying child developmental delays based on health data collected through medical records and questionnaires. The research method includes data collection, pre-processing (cleaning, transformation, and normalization), classification using the Naive Bayes algorithm, and model validation with the k-fold cross-validation technique. The results showed that out of 150 toddler data samples, 30.7% experienced developmental delays, with the dominant influencing factors being nutritional status and immunization completeness. The Naive Bayes algorithm achieved an accuracy rate of 87.3% with a precision of 84.1%, recall of 85.7%, and F1-score of 84.9%. These findings demonstrate that Naive Bayes can be used as a decision support system in the early identification process of child developmental delays. Therefore, the results of this study are expected to assist healthcare workers, particularly midwives, in improving the quality of early detection and delivering more targeted interventions for children in the Rantau Prapat area.

The development of digital technology has driven a significant transformation in the company's marketing strategy, including in the health beverage sector. This study aims to examine the use of omnichannel strategies in supporting digital marketing in PT. Yakult Indonesia Persada. The method used is descriptive observation with a focus on the integration of digital marketing channels and traditional distribution. The results show that the implementation of an omnichannel strategy is able to create a consistent consumer experience, expand market reach, and strengthen brand image. The integration between digital channels such as social media and e-commerce with conventional distribution through Yakult Lady provides more flexible product access for consumers. In addition, educational and informative digital content has proven to be effective in increasing public health awareness and customer loyalty. However, challenges such as cross-channel information consistency and integrated technology management still need to be addressed. This study concludes that omnichannel strategy is a relevant and adaptive approach in dealing with the dynamics of the health beverage industry in the digital era. The implementation of this strategy not only supports operational efficiency, but also strengthens the relationship between the company and consumers through a personalized and sustainable experience. These findings are expected to serve as a reference for other companies in designing digital marketing strategies that are inclusive and responsive to changing consumer behavior.

Clean and Healthy Behavior (CHB) is an essential aspect of improving public health, particularly among school-aged children. At SDN 104 Kendari, there are still challenges related to students’ behavior, especially the habit of buying snacks from unregulated vendors near the school, which increases the risk of exposure to foodborne diseases. This study aims to examine the effect of health education on students’ knowledge of CHB. The research employed a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design using a one-group pre-test and post-test method. The sample consisted of 42 students, selected through stratified random sampling to ensure representation across different classes and initial knowledge levels. The research instruments included pre-test and post-test questionnaires to measure students’ knowledge, complemented by educational videos designed to be engaging and informative, enhancing students’ understanding of CHB principles. Results indicated that prior to the educational intervention, the majority of students’ knowledge was categorized as sufficient (57.1%) and good (42.9%). Following the intervention, there was a significant increase in knowledge, with 69% of students categorized as good, reflecting improved understanding of CHB principles. Statistical analysis using a paired sample t-test revealed a significant effect of the educational intervention on students’ knowledge of CHB (p-value <0.05). These findings highlight that health education through video media is an effective strategy to enhance students’ knowledge of CHB and promote healthy behaviors within the school environment. The implementation of audiovisual-based educational programs can be recommended as part of ongoing school health activities and sustainable promotive-preventive efforts.

The benefits of free health checks in the community are to prevent infectious diseases and further illnesses. Health checks are an effort to detect abnormalities in the body. Health checks should be carried out routinely with the aim of preventing and treating them as quickly as possible. Early detection of disease is a form of education and free health check activities so that the community has awareness to carry out regular health checks as part of promotive and preventive efforts. The main goal of this service is to detect possible diseases and reduce the risk of the disease or treat it more effectively. This service method includes providing health education through the distribution of brochures related to educational materials, accompanied by the implementation of free health checks that involve meetings with Posyandu cadres and the local village head to initiate this service activity. There were 46 participants who took part in the free health check activities. The purpose of this activity was also to help participants better understand the importance of maintaining good health. To help participants better understand the importance of regular health checks to prevent negative impacts in the future, the results of the health checks are used as a guide. On July 30, 2025, the Sukamanah Village community held a free health check socialization program with the aim of increasing public awareness and knowledge about health. The program uses Participatory Action Research (PAR) as a method, benefiting Baros students, the general public, and the community. Outreach efforts have demonstrated that this method has successfully increased public awareness and understanding of health issues. This highlights the need for a more comprehensive health intervention model and research on the program’s long-term impact to maximize positive outcomes for public health.

Diarrhea remains a major public health problem among children in Indonesia, with a high prevalence that impacts morbidity, mortality, and child development. One of the key risk factors is non-compliance with hygiene practices, particularly handwashing behavior. This study aimed to determine the relationship between handwashing compliance and diarrhea cases among children treated in the Pediatric Ward of Dahlia, RSUD Dr. H. Soewondo Kendal. The research employed a quantitative analytic method with a cross-sectional design, involving a total sampling of 39 child respondents aged 5–10 years who met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected using a handwashing compliance questionnaire and a diarrhea incidence questionnaire, and analyzed using Spearman’s Rank Correlation test. The results showed that most respondents were in the moderately compliant (53.8%) and compliant (43.6%) categories for handwashing, while the incidence of diarrhea remained relatively high at 51.3%. Bivariate analysis indicated a significant negative relationship between handwashing compliance and diarrhea cases (ρ = -0.538; p = 0.000), meaning that the higher the level of handwashing compliance, the lower the incidence of diarrhea. In conclusion, handwashing compliance is an important protective factor in reducing the risk of diarrhea among children. These findings emphasize the need for continuous education for children and parents regarding proper handwashing practices, as well as the integration of Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (PHBS) promotion into healthcare and educational services to prevent diarrhea from an early age

Floods occur when normally dry land areas are inundated with large volumes of water, generally caused by prolonged heavy rainfall or water runoff from higher areas. Following floods, the risk of infectious diseases increases due to the presence of infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, and other hazardous substances. Common post-flood diseases include acute respiratory infections (ARI), diarrhea, typhoid fever, leptospirosis, dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), and skin diseases. This study aims to describe the characteristics of the community and their level of knowledge regarding efforts to prevent post-flood diseases in Dusun Nusupan. The research employed a descriptive quantitative method with purposive sampling, involving 67 respondents. Data were collected using questionnaires. The results showed that the majority of respondents were in late adulthood, female, had a middle-level education, and most had previously experienced post-flood diseases. The community’s level of knowledge was generally good, with nearly all respondents demonstrating adequate understanding of preventive measures. However, the high incidence of post-flood diseases among respondents highlights that public health risks remain significant. These findings indicate the necessity of continuous education and the implementation of clean and healthy living behaviors to minimize the health impacts of floods.

Hypertension is one of the most common non-communicable diseases, posing serious health risks such as heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure. The increasing prevalence of hypertension is mainly due to limited public knowledge about the risks associated with the condition and the importance of consistent, long-term medication adherence to prevent complications. This study aims to examine the relationship between the level of knowledge about hypertension and medication adherence among hypertensive patients. A quantitative research method with a descriptive correlational design was employed. Purposive sampling was used to select respondents, and the data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test. The results showed that the majority of respondents were female (53%), aged between 46 and 64 years (74%), had an elementary school education level (42%), worked as housewives (51%), and had been diagnosed with hypertension for an average of 7 to 10 years (46%). Statistical analysis revealed a p-value of 0.000 (α < 0.05), indicating a significant relationship between the patients’ knowledge level and their adherence to antihypertensive medication. This finding emphasizes the need for continuous health education and counseling to enhance patients’ understanding of hypertension and its management. Effective communication and support strategies are essential in improving medication adherence, which is crucial for preventing hypertension-related complications and improving the quality of life for patients. These results provide valuable insights for healthcare providers to develop targeted interventions.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease and a global health problem with an increasing prevalence that often leads to serious complications if not well controlled. Optimal self-care behavior, including diet regulation, physical activity, blood glucose monitoring, and adherence to medication, plays a crucial role in maintaining stable blood glucose levels and improving quality of life. Objective: This study aims to investigate the relationship between self-care behavior and blood glucose levels among individuals diagnosed with diabetes mellitus who are receiving treatment at Kedungwuni 1 Public Health Center. Methods: This research employed an observational analytical design with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 109 respondents diagnosed with DM were selected through total sampling. Data on self-care behavior were collected using the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) questionnaire, while blood glucose levels were measured using a glucometer. Data were analyzed using the Spearman correlation test with a significance level of α = 0.05. Results: The findings showed that most respondents demonstrated poor self-care behavior (72.5%) and almost half were within the diabetes range of blood glucose levels (49.5%). Bivariate analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between self-care behavior and blood glucose levels (p = 0.000; r = 0.547). Conclusion: Better self-care behavior is associated with better blood glucose control. These results emphasize the importance of strengthening health education and self-management programs to improve self-care practices in diabetic patients.

Public literacy regarding health rights remains low, especially in communities with limited access to legal and health-related information. This lack of understanding often leads to unfulfilled rights and unequal access to quality healthcare services, contributing to a cycle of inequity and poor health outcomes. In response to this issue, this community service program seeks to enhance public awareness of health rights through interdisciplinary education, combining the expertise of lecturers from legal and health sciences. The program’s activities include the development of educational modules designed to provide clear, accessible information about health rights, as well as interactive legal-health counseling sessions aimed at addressing specific concerns. Group discussions serve as a platform for individuals to engage with experts and peers, furthering their understanding of how to navigate healthcare systems and advocate for their rights. Additionally, printed materials are distributed to reinforce learning and serve as ongoing references for participants. The program targets communities with high needs for health literacy, focusing on empowering individuals to recognize their rights and take action to ensure their healthcare needs are met. It also encourages the collaboration of interdisciplinary academic staff, fostering a collective approach to community empowerment. By improving health literacy, the program aims to promote social equity and improve access to quality healthcare services for underserved populations. Through this initiative, participants are better equipped to make informed decisions regarding their health and advocate for fair treatment in the healthcare system.

This design project is motivated by the low public interest in sports and the limited availability of sports facilities, creating a need for a sports hall that is both effective and efficient in enhancing the community’s quality of life. However, the mere provision of a sports facility is not sufficient; considerations such as building orientation, opening design, and airflow circulation are essential to create an optimal environment for sports activities. Therefore, the tropical architecture approach serves as the primary design basis for the sports hall in Asahan Regency. The aim of this design is to support a healthy lifestyle and improve the quality of life of the local community through comfortable and safe sports activities. The design method adopts a qualitative approach, with data collected through interviews and field observations to understand the needs and preferences of the community. The design also reflects local identity through a mass transformation inspired by the shell form, symbolizing the city of Asahan. The shell structure system is known for its slenderness, making it lightweight and efficient, while its curvature ensures even load distribution. This approach can serve as a model for future sports facility developments in Asahan Regency. This sports hall is expected to become a central hub for athletes in Asahan, providing optimal training facilities to improve their performance. With a modern building and complete facilities, the community can engage in sports activities more comfortably and safely, thus increasing public interest in sports and enhancing overall well-being. This design also aims to promote awareness of the importance of a healthy lifestyle through an effective and efficient sports center.

Hypertension, a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, continues to show increasing prevalence, including in young people. One factor that potentially influences blood pressure is the consumption of monosodium glutamate (MSG), which is often used as a food additive to enhance flavor. Although MSG has long been used in various dishes, recent research suggests that MSG consumption may affect blood pressure through several mechanisms. This study aims to analyze the relationship between MSG consumption patterns and the incidence of hypertension using a narrative review approach. In this study, various scientific journals from 2016 to 2025 that discuss the impact of MSG on blood pressure were analyzed. The analysis results indicate that high and long-term MSG consumption can contribute to increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure. This can occur both directly through increased sodium intake hidden in MSG and indirectly through inflammatory pathways, oxidative stress, metabolic disorders, and changes in the gut microbiota. Several studies have also linked MSG consumption to obesity, which in turn can increase the risk of hypertension. Therefore, uncontrolled MSG consumption may serve as an independent risk factor for hypertension, especially in individuals with cardiovascular susceptibility. In conclusion, it is important to raise public awareness, regulate, and monitor MSG consumption to prevent negative impacts on public health, particularly in clinical practice and public health policy. The increasing prevalence of hypertension, which is increasingly found in young people, is a global health problem that requires serious attention. One factor that is no less important in the development of hypertension is the consumption of food additives, such as monosodium glutamate (MSG).

Dental and oral health is still a significant problem in Indonesia. Riskesdas 2018 data shows that 57.6% of the population has dental and oral problems, while only 2.8% brush their teeth properly. This condition is a serious concern because untreated dental caries can develop into pulp necrosis and subsequently radical gangrene. Both conditions have the potential to cause infections that can interfere with people's quality of life if not treated immediately. This study aims to compare the prevalence of visits to pulp necrosis and radical gangrene based on gender and age at the UPTD Baturiti II Tabanan Health Center during January-March 2025. The research uses a quantitative descriptive method with a purposive sampling technique based on secondary data from the E-Puskesmas system. The results showed that the prevalence of gangrene radicals (7.2%) was higher than that of pulp necrosis (5.9%). Female patient visits were more dominant in both cases, namely 52.7% in pulp necrosis and 56.5% in radical gangrene. The age distribution showed that the age group of 20–44 years dominated in cases of pulp necrosis (42.1%), while gangrene radicals occurred more in the age group of 45–59 years (34.8%). These results indicate a delay in dental care that contributes to the progression of the disease. The high number of these incidents cannot be separated from behavioral factors and the low level of public knowledge in maintaining dental and oral health. Therefore, increasing communication, information, and education efforts at the level of primary health care facilities is essential to encourage public awareness. Early detection and timely treatment are key in preventing serious complications such as pulp necrosis and radical gangrene.

This study aims to analyze in depth the influence of business legality on the growth and increased competitiveness of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). Business legality is seen as a crucial foundation in strengthening the position of MSMEs in the market, as it not only provides legal certainty but also fosters consumer trust in the quality of the products offered. This study uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques such as field observations, in-depth interviews with business actors, and relevant documentation studies. The results show an increase in public awareness of the importance of having business legality, as evidenced by the increasing number of MSMEs officially registering their business permits. Furthermore, legality has been proven to increase the credibility of MSMEs, expand market access, facilitate collaboration with the private sector and government agencies, and open up opportunities for obtaining capital support. A significant increase in consumer trust is also evident, as MSME products with legality are more easily accepted and marketed through various distribution channels. Thus, this study confirms that business legality is not merely an administrative requirement, but rather a strategy that can encourage sustainable business growth and increase competitiveness at the local and national levels. In conclusion, the synergy between MSMEs and the government is the main key in encouraging the creation of a healthy, transparent, and highly competitive business ecosystem.

This study aims to examine the influence of compliance audit on service procedures toward patient satisfaction at Prambon Public Health Center, Nganjuk Regency. The research is driven by concerns over a decline in the average number of patients in 2024 compared to previous years. This decline in patient visits is a key issue that prompted the need to investigate the relationship between compliance audits in service procedures and the resulting impact on patient satisfaction. A descriptive quantitative approach was used in this study, with 100 respondents for each variable. The sample was determined using probability sampling with a simple random sampling technique, involving both employees and patients who visited the health center during the period between 2021 and 2024. Data were collected through questionnaires, observations, and interviews to ensure a comprehensive understanding of the issue. The regression analysis revealed that service compliance audits have a significant impact on patient satisfaction, contributing 56.67% to the overall patient experience. This finding suggests that improving the service procedures through compliance audits can be a key factor in enhancing patient satisfaction at Prambon Public Health Center. The results of this study provide important insights for healthcare administrators, indicating that regular compliance audits should be integrated into healthcare management practices to maintain and improve patient satisfaction.

The waste problem in Tamanan village is an issue that needs serious attention because of its impact on environmental pollution and public health. One of the main challenges is the low awareness of residents, especially elementary school children, in terms of good and correct waste management. A lot of waste is thrown carelessly without sorting, which results in a decrease in the quality of cleanliness and health of the village environment. This community service program aims to improve students' understanding and skills in waste management through a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach for 40 days. This program involves students of MI Nurur Rahman and SDN Tamanan 1 as the main subjects. The activities carried out include socialization about the importance of waste management, the delivery of material on types of waste, as well as the practice of sorting organic, inorganic, and B3 waste. In addition, the installation of educational media in the school environment and evaluation monitoring were also carried out. The results of the evaluation showed that 73% of students were able to answer the quiz questions correctly ≥70%, which indicates their good understanding of waste management. Some students also began to implement the habit of separating waste at home and inviting families to participate. Support from village officials and the existence of educational media are expected to strengthen the sustainability of this program. Participatory approaches have proven to be effective in raising environmental awareness and can be implemented sustainably through collaboration between schools, communities, and village governments.

Employee work motivation is a crucial element in determining the quality of public services, especially in the health sector. This study aims to analyze factors related to employee work motivation at the Health, Population Control, and Family Planning Office of Marowali Regency. This study uses a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 39 respondents selected through the purposive sampling method. The research instrument is in the form of a structured questionnaire, and data analysis is carried out bivariously using the chi-square test and Fisher's Exact Test if the test assumptions are not met. The results showed that the work environment did not have a significant relationship with work motivation (p = 0.129). In contrast, the benefits variable showed a significant relationship (p = 0.009), and workload also had a significant effect on work motivation (p = 0.004). These findings indicate that employees' work motivation is significantly influenced by benefits and workload factors, while the work environment does not have a significant impact. The practical implication of this study is the need for managerial attention to a fair incentive system and a proportionate distribution of workload to increase employee work motivation. Increasing work motivation is expected to encourage the efficiency and effectiveness of public services in the health sector. This research contributes to the development of evidence-based human resource policies in the regional health service sector.

Typhoid fever is a significant health issue caused by the Salmonella Typhi bacteria, leading to symptoms such as fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea, muscle pain, and serious complications if not treated promptly. A common challenge faced by society is limited access to medical professionals, especially in remote areas, and delays in recognizing symptoms. To address this problem, this study designs and implements a web-based expert system using the Certainty Factor (CF) method, which helps diagnose typhoid fever quickly and accurately. The Certainty Factor method is used to calculate the certainty level of the symptoms experienced by the patient, providing a diagnosis result in the form of early-stage typhoid, mild typhoid, or severe typhoid. The system was developed using PHP programming language and MySQL database, and tested at RSUD Djoelham Binjai City. The research data was obtained from patients at RSUD Djoelham Binjai with a case study on patient number 22. The processing of symptoms through Certainty Factor calculation showed that the patient is most likely to have severe typhoid with a certainty value of 0.9443 or 94.43%. This result proves that the Certainty Factor method can be used to assist in providing an accurate early diagnosis of typhoid fever with a high degree of accuracy.