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This study explores the development of Islamic economic thought during the Umayyad Dynasty (661-750 CE). Using descriptive and literature review methods, this research highlights the integration of Islamic principles into economic policies and practices during this era. Key findings indicate that the Umayyad rulers implemented zakat, kharaj, and jizyah systems to ensure wealth redistribution and welfare. Infrastructure development and monetization through dinar and dirham currencies also contributed to economic stability while adhering to Islamic ethical values. Despite challenges such as social inequality and administrative inefficiencies, the Umayyad Dynasty laid a foundation for future Islamic economic systems that prioritize justice and prosperity.

The integration of Sharia principles with Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) frameworks presents a unique opportunity to enhance ethical accountability and sustainability in Islamic financial institutions. This study employs an analytical-descriptive research design, utilizing secondary data from annual sustainability reports, Sharia compliance documentation, and regulatory publications, to examine the adoption of ESG principles in the Islamic finance sector. Findings indicate that Islamic banks have achieved high levels of governance (90%) and social (85%) implementation, while environmental initiatives lag (62%), reflecting the need for stronger alignment with the khalifah fil ardh (stewardship of the earth) principle. The research also demonstrates a positive correlation between ESG implementation and investor confidence, with institutions exceeding 80% ESG adoption achieving an Investor Confidence Index of 92 points compared to 65 points among lower-performing banks. Despite conceptual synergy between ESG and Sharia principles centered on justice (adl), social welfare (maslahah), and environmental stewardship (khalifah) practical integration faces challenges including limited green financing instruments, regulatory fragmentation, and insufficient standardized ESG reporting tailored to Islamic finance. To address these issues, the study proposes an integrative ESG Sharia model emphasizing ethical foundations as the core of sustainable practices. Recommendations include developing Maqasid al-Shariah–based ESG indicators, expanding engagement in green financing and renewable energy projects, and adopting digital sustainability reporting. This integrative approach supports both global sustainability goals and the ethical imperatives of Islamic finance, contributing to a value-based, socially responsible, and spiritually aware financial ecosystem.

This study explores the integration of Islamic economic education with green economy principles, focusing on environmental stewardship and sustainability. Islamic education plays a pivotal role in fostering ecological awareness, integrating values such as khalifah (stewardship), maslahah (public welfare), and adl (justice), which align with green economic practices. The research investigates how these values are taught in Islamic educational settings, particularly in pesantren (Islamic boarding schools), and how they promote sustainable practices such as tree planting and livestock cultivation. The study highlights the role of Islamic financial mechanisms, such as zakat, waqf, and green financing, in supporting sustainable development and equitable resource distribution. It also examines how Islamic education instills eco-spiritual values and encourages sustainable behaviors among students. The findings suggest that Islamic universities emphasize ethical economic principles more than secular institutions, while secular institutions focus more on sustainability content. The study calls for a more integrated approach, where both ethical economic practices and sustainability principles are harmonized to equip students for leadership roles in a green economy. This integration is crucial for fostering responsible global citizens capable of addressing the intertwined challenges of economic growth and environmental preservation.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of assistance provided to Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in business licensing and the implementation of modern management practices in Keruak Village. The method used involves a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews and participatory observation. The results indicate that the assistance has improved the understanding and capabilities of SME actors in managing business permits and applying modern management principles. This has had a positive impact on enhancing the competitiveness of SMEs in both local and regional markets. The study recommends the need for a sustainable and integrated assistance program to ensure the continued development of SME capacity.

Quality in learning greatly affects the level of student success in learning. In improving quality, of course, there must be application in learning, namely by developing functions and benefits in learning media in elementary schools. Media is a teaching tool that presents several messages and information about facts, concepts, procedures, and principles that are under the subject matter. This research uses qualitative methods with descriptive research types. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview and details of field data collected in developing the functions and benefits of the latest learning media at the elementary level. Data collection techniques using literature studies. This research was conducted through several stages, namely: 1) determining the research subject, 2) studying the research topic, 3) collecting research information, and 4) analyzing data. The results of the study are by conveying messages or information in the teaching-learning process which aims to develop learning motivation and attention to students' interest in lessons. As well as in learning media that contain subject matter used by educators in the learning process, and have two components that are very important for learning success, it can be decided that learning media exist in various types and forms, ranging from the easiest to the most sophisticated. Therefore, the choice of learning media must be tailored to learning objectives, student demographics, availability, technical quality, cost, flexibility, user capabilities, and available time. To improve a quality generation in the future, it is necessary to develop the functions and benefits of learning media in the teaching and learning process, especially in elementary schools.  

The purpose of writing this analysis is to investigate the financial performance achievements of Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) and Bank Muamalat in the Maqashid Syariah Index, with a focus on profitability, liquidity, asset growth, operational efficiency and sustainable service. The research method used is a literature study, which involves collecting and analyzing data from various relevant and reliable literature sources, including public financial reports, academic books, scientific journals, and other official documents. The research results show that both banks have demonstrated a strong commitment to sharia principles in their operations, with adequate performance in key aspects such as profitability, liquidity, asset growth, operational efficiency and sustainable service. Thus, this analysis provides an in-depth understanding of the contribution of BSI and Bank Muamalat to a sharia-based economy and achieving sharia goals in a broader context.    

In the literature study related to evaluating the efficiency and profitability of Islamic insurance through financial statement analysis, previous studies highlighted various methods and approaches used to measure the performance of Islamic insurance companies. Financial statement analysis is the main focus in identifying factors that affect the operational efficiency and profitability of Islamic insurance companies. Some studies have used traditional financial ratios such as solvency, liquidity, and profitability ratios to evaluate the performance of Islamic insurance. However, due to the unique characteristics of Islamic insurance, studies have also proposed the development of specific metrics that take into account sharia principles, such as sharia compliance ratios and fairness ratios. In addition, non-financial approaches such as technical efficiency and allocative efficiency analysis have also been used to evaluate the operational efficiency of Islamic insurance. This research shows that factors such as scale of operations, business diversification, and managerial efficiency can contribute to the efficiency performance and profitability of Islamic insurance companies. Although there have been many studies conducted in this domain, there is still a need for more in-depth follow-up research to better understand the factors that influence the efficiency and profitability of Islamic insurance. With a better understanding of the performance of Islamic insurance companies, regulators and practitioners can develop more effective strategies to improve the stability and growth of this industry.

The purpose of this research is to determine the description of profit sharing in sharia accounting to achieve the principles of justice. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach with a post-positivist paradigm. The informants in this research used data collection techniques using interviews, observation and documentation. Research shows that the profits generated by companies are not just the result of the work of a group of people. However, many stakeholders are involved, including fund owners, employees and the environment. With an impartial perspective, profits can benefit all parties involved, not just a handful of executives.

The marketing process in Islamic economics must be implemented correctly, and in accordance with sharia principles. In distributing products, it must be evenly distributed so that all people can enjoy the product. This research is about e-marketing analysis in increasing sales on shopping applications. The purpose of this research is to find out how marketing strategies increase sales on the Belanjo application. This type of research is descriptive qualitative with primary and secondary data types. The data collection technique in this research uses observation, interview and documentation techniques.The research results show the marketing mix strategy implemented by Belanjo to increase sales, including product availability, price, promotion and place. Supporting and inhibiting factors for the marketing mix strategy implemented by Belanjo in increasing sales, including supporting, conducting socialization and collaboration and increasing employee skills and knowledge. obstacles, low consumer buying interest and the marketing area for chips is still limited. Marketing mix strategies viewed from an Islamic Economics Perspective include: Always decorating charity with the intention of worship and sincerity. Transparency, and the goods are halal and not harmful. Carrying out honest distribution methods, not reducing size, standards, quality and scales fraudulently. Being responsible for the goods received. distributed fairly, and not doing things that are prohibited in Islam. Please help, tolerate and give alms. Never neglect worship because of distribution activities. Ikhtikar is prohibited because it will cause price increases. Seek reasonable profits. Widespread distribution of wealth. Social equality. 

In general, many people choose to save and borrow money from financial institutions other than sharia banks, such as conventional banks and general cooperatives. In fact, conventional banks are known to adhere to an interest system which according to scholars is prohibited because interest is considered usury. Factors that can influence interest in saving at Islamic banks are knowledge, promotions and location. A person's knowledge about Islamic banks will influence customer interest, each bank tries to promote all the products and services it has, and the location of Islamic banks has easy assets. The aim of this research is to determine the influence of knowledge, promotion and location on the interest of the people of Pandan Jaya subdistrict, Tanjung Jabung Timur district to save in sharia banks. The type of research used in this research is quantitative descriptive research. The sample was selected using Accidental Sampling and the Slovin formula to obtain 98 respondents. The data analysis used is Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. The results of the research concluded that partially the variables knowledge, promotion and location had an influence on interest in saving at Sharia Banks in Pandan Jaya Village, East Tanjung Jabung Regency. Simultaneously, the variables of knowledge, promotion and location influence interest in saving at Sharia Banks in Pandan Jaya Village, East Tanjung Jabung Regency. Based on the coefficient of determination, it indicates that knowledge, promotion and location can influence interest in saving at Sharia Banks by 77.4%. It is hoped that people, especially Muslims, can save in sharia banks considering that sharia banks have used sharia principles in accordance with Islamic recommendations, sharia banks can increase people's interest in saving using Sharia Bank services by considering research variables, namely increasing knowledge, promotion and location, and further research can add other variables which are also thought to influence interest in saving at Sharia Banks.

The implementation of the Murabahah agreement at Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) KCP Medan Sukaramai is the focus of this research. The aim of the research is to analyze the process of implementing the Murabahah contract, identify the obstacles faced, and initiate efforts to overcome these obstacles. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews. Respondents consisted of bank managers, bank employees and customers involved in transactions using Murabahah contracts. Data analysis was carried out taking into account relevant sharia principles. The research results show that the implementation of the Murabahah contract at BSI KCP Medan Sukaramai has been carried out carefully and structured in accordance with sharia principles. However, the obstacles faced include a lack of customer understanding of sharia principles as well as differences in understanding between customers and bank officers. Efforts made by banks to overcome these obstacles include increasing education for customers and regular training for bank officers. This research contributes to the understanding of Murabahah contract practices in the sharia banking sector, as well as offering recommendations for banks to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of implementing Murabahah contracts. In addition, it is hoped that this research can provide customers with a better understanding of sharia principles in financial transactions.

This research aims to assess financial performance in managing the 2023 APBDes in Anakalang Village, Katikutana District, Central Sumba Regency. This type of research uses a qualitative approach method, while the data sources used in this research are primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained through interviews with several village officials, namely the village head, village secretary, village treasurer and community leaders from the Anakalang tribe. Meanwhile, secondary data was obtained from Village Government data and documents and documentation carried out by researchers at the research location. The data collection technique used in this research is by conducting direct interviews with informants. The informants in this research consisted of the Village Head, Village Secretary, Village Treasurer and Community Figures in Anakalang Village. The results of this research show that financial performance in the management of the APBDes in Anakalang Village is based on the principles of accountability and transparency. Even though it is not in accordance with applicable policies by adjusting the situation or conditions of applicable legislation.

Sharia people's credit bank (BPRS) is an institution that carries out business activities based on sharia principles and in its activities does not provide services in payment traffic. The level of interest in PT. Many BPRS Al Washliyah choose murabahah financing. This high level of murabahah financing activity can cause high risks faced by the entity providing the financing. Risk management is an effort that must be made to minimize the possibility of loss risks that may occur as a result of problematic murabahah financing transactions. The conclusion from these results is that murabahah financing risk management faced by PT. BPRS AL-Washliyah Medan, namely by persuasive means, if this method cannot be a solution to the existing problems, then PT. BPRS Al-Washliyah Medan resolved this by means of collateral, namely the confiscation/sale of collateral

This research aims to evaluate risk management in financing through the Sharia Fintech Peer To Peer Lending (P2P) platform. P2P lending is an innovation in the financial sector that allows borrowers and fund providers to interact directly via digital platforms. In the context of sharia finance, the risk management aspect is crucial to ensure compliance with sharia principles. This research uses qualitative and quantitative analysis methods to identify and evaluate various aspects of risk management related to financing through sharia P2P lending. Risk factors such as credit risk, liquidity risk, operational risk and sharia risk will be evaluated to provide a thorough understanding of the effectiveness of risk management in this context.

Ergonomics is a science that studies the interaction between humans and other elements in the form of a system, as well as a profession that practices theories, principles, data and methods in design to optimize suitability for human needs. High school students spend a lot of time at school in daily activities covering ± 6 hours with teaching and learning activities that dominate in the classroom. In the learning process students are more in a sitting position, as well as those experienced by SMA N 4 Takengon students. In this activity, the increase in knowledge in students increased by 74%.

This study was conducted with the aim of knowing how the implementation of the principles of financial management listed in Law No. 20 of 2003 article 48. Transparency can mean openness, with transparency it can increase the support of parents, the community and the government. Accountability means that the use of financial resources can be accounted for in accordance with the plan that has been set at the SDN inpres Silae school.    

To improve the quality of the student learning process by increasing the quality of teachers' professional abilities, all teachers must go through a learning process that makes it possible to find and solve learning problems in their respective classes based on the principles of Classroom Action Research (PTK). Classroom Action Research is carried out with the aim of improving or enhancing student learning activities and achievements. PTK is an activity carried out to find out problems that arise in the classroom when the teacher is interacting with students in carrying out the teaching and learning process. PTK is research carried out by class teachers through self-reflection with the aim of improving teacher performance, so that the quality of learning increases (Mills, Geoffrey E, 2000, Schmuch, A. Richard, 1997) which can be seen in the percentage of students' success in completing the exercises systematically. verbally and in writing. In the learning process, learning means an activity carried out by the teacher and students together. The essence of the learning is the process of giving and receiving and ends with an evaluation which is deliberately carried out by the teacher to find out how far the students' level of understanding is

This study examines the significant role of cash waqf in financing renewable energy projects for sustainable Islamic economic development. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, the research collects data through case analysis of Islamic social finance institutions involved in renewable energy funding, along with interviews with key informants such as waqf managers and Islamic finance practitioners. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify recurring patterns and key themes related to cash waqf’s application in renewable energy projects. The findings show that cash waqf offers a more sustainable funding model compared to conventional charity. By preserving the principal and only utilizing the income, cash waqf provides long-term resources for clean energy projects. The study also highlights cash waqf’s advantages in terms of accountability and transparency, as waqf institutions are required to provide auditable financial reports. In contrast, conventional charity is often short-term and lacks structured oversight, making cash waqf a more efficient model for financing ongoing projects like renewable energy. The research also identifies challenges in implementing cash waqf, such as regulatory issues and lack of awareness. However, there are significant opportunities to address these challenges through collaborations with Islamic banks and sustainable financial institutions. This study proposes integrating cash waqf with Islamic finance principles and ESG criteria to increase its impact on renewable energy projects. With appropriate regulation and increased awareness, cash waqf can play a crucial role in driving the transition to a sustainable green economy.

This study explores the impact of religious values on Muslim consumers' behavior toward green financing and eco-friendly products within the framework of Islamic economics. The research utilized a quantitative approach with a descriptive survey method, surveying 250 Muslim consumers from urban areas in Indonesia. A structured questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale was employed to measure religiosity and eco-friendly purchasing behavior. The multiple regression analysis showed that religiosity significantly influences green purchasing behavior, with higher religiosity scores correlating with greater engagement in environmentally conscious purchasing decisions. Additionally, the t-test and ANOVA revealed significant differences between Sharia-compliant and non-Sharia-compliant groups, with the Sharia-compliant group exhibiting stronger eco-friendly purchasing behavior. These findings suggest that Islamic principles related to environmental stewardship, such as Khalifa (guardianship of the earth) and Israf (avoiding wastefulness), play a significant role in shaping consumer attitudes toward sustainability. The study concludes that religious values are a crucial determinant of green purchasing behavior and that incorporating these values into sustainability initiatives can effectively promote eco-friendly behavior, especially in communities where religion plays a central role. Policymakers and educators can leverage religious frameworks to foster sustainability and encourage more responsible consumer behavior in Muslim-majority communities.

Microenterprises are crucial to the economic landscape, especially in developing countries, as they contribute significantly to GDP and employment. However, these businesses often face challenges in adopting sustainable practices due to financial constraints, limited resources, and market access issues. This research evaluates the impact of energy efficiency on the profitability of Sharia-compliant microenterprises applying green business principles. By integrating energy-saving measures, such as energy-efficient technologies and optimized consumption, microenterprises can reduce operational costs and improve profitability. Sharia-compliant businesses, which adhere to ethical and sustainable practices, tend to be more open to implementing such green practices. The findings show that energy-efficient microenterprises outperform conventional ones in profitability, as energy-saving leads to lower costs and enhanced competitiveness. The study also highlights the importance of green finance in supporting these enterprises by overcoming financial barriers, allowing them to adopt energy-efficient technologies. Despite the clear benefits, challenges such as high initial investment costs and limited access to efficient technologies remain. Policy intervention, including financial incentives and education, is necessary to address these barriers and enable microenterprises to fully capitalize on energy efficiency. In conclusion, energy efficiency is not only a key driver of profitability for Sharia-compliant microenterprises but also a strategy for long-term sustainability and competitiveness.