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The rapid development of digital technology in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution has significantly impacted Indonesia’s legal framework, particularly concerning digital privacy protection. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 as an amendment to Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (UU ITE) in protecting digital privacy during the administration of President Joko Widodo. This research uses a normative legal method with a statutory and content analysis approach to examine digital legal policy. The findings show that, although there have been advances in regulation and law enforcement, digital privacy protection in Indonesia remains fragmented and has not fully adapted to the dynamic development of technology. The absence of a comprehensive legal framework and delays in the enactment of a dedicated data protection law are major challenges. The implications of this study highlight the urgency of formulating more progressive and holistic legal policies, along with adaptive regulations to ensure the protection of individual rights in the digital sphere.

The increase in the PPnBM rate to 12% in Law 7/2021 on Luxury Goods is a fiscal reform strategy to increase state revenue and control the consumption of luxury goods. This policy aims to broaden the tax base and reduce socio-economic inequality. From a legal perspective, its implementation must uphold the principles of justice, legal certainty, and protection of taxpayer rights. Clear derivative regulations, transparent implementation, and strict supervision are needed to prevent abuse. This paper analyzes the policy through normative and conceptual approaches of tax administration law and fiscal economics.

This study analyzes the effectiveness of multi-stakeholder collaboration in the implementation of the Complete Systematic Land Registration (PTSL) program in Bunut District, Pelalawan Regency. The PTSL program as a government effort to provide legal certainty over land ownership requires cooperation from various stakeholders in its implementation. With a qualitative approach and case study design, this study uses the collaborative governance framework from Emerson et al. (2012) to analyze three main dimensions of collaboration: principled engagement, shared motivation, and capacity for joint action. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 27 informants, participant observation, focus group discussions, and documentation studies. The results of the study indicate that multi-stakeholder collaboration in the implementation of PTSL in Bunut District shows varying effectiveness in various dimensions. In the principled engagement dimension, collaboration is quite effective in the aspects of discovery and definition, but is still limited in the aspects of deliberation and determination. In the shared motivation dimension, there are limitations in building mutual trust and understanding between the community and technical agencies. Meanwhile, in the capacity for joint action dimension, there are strengths in the aspects of procedural arrangements and leadership, but significant limitations in the aspects of knowledge and resources. Supporting factors for collaboration include political commitment, community awareness, the role of traditional leaders, effective communication platforms, and academic involvement. Meanwhile, inhibiting factors include differences in interests between stakeholders, limited technical capacity at the village level, communication and coordination problems, historical land complexity, and budget constraints. The study recommends strategies to increase the effectiveness of collaboration through strengthening multi-stakeholder forum institutions, developing technical capacity, increasing transparency and accountability, developing effective conflict resolution mechanisms, strengthening the role of village governments, and allocating adequate resources. The research findings contribute to the development of collaborative governance theory in the Indonesian context, especially in rural areas with unique socio-cultural characteristics.  

This study aims to analyze the relationship between the tax transportation system and the level of taxpayer compliance. In the context of tax administration modernization, tax transportation refers not only to physical mobility but also to the efficient mechanism of digitalization and distribution of tax information. The implications of an effective tax transportation system include increased transparency, easy access to tax information, and acceleration of the reporting process. This study examines how optimizing tax infrastructure, such as online reporting systems, mobile tax education, and integration between agencies, can encourage voluntary and formal compliance levels. Data were obtained through a quantitative approach by distributing questionnaires to individual and corporate taxpayers in several major cities. The results of the analysis show that there is a significant positive correlation between tax transportation efficiency and taxpayer compliance. This study recommends strengthening the tax information and technology system as a strategic step in improving national tax compliance.

Fever is the body's response to infection or inflammation, which often indicates a certain medical condition. One common treatment for fever is the use of antipyretic drugs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of antipyretic drugs in lowering body temperature in adult patients with fever. The method used was a clinical trial with a randomized controlled trial (RCT) design, involving 100 adult patients with fever ≥38°C. Patients were divided into two groups: the group receiving antipyretic drugs (paracetamol) and the placebo group. Body temperature measurements were taken every 2 hours for 24 hours after drug administration. The results showed that the group receiving antipyretic drugs experienced a significant decrease in body temperature compared to the placebo group (p <0.05). The side effects that appeared were relatively mild and not dangerous..

One of the problems of catfish cultivation (Clarias gariepinus) that can hinder this cultivation business is the slow growth of fish weight. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of different administration of Mina Pro probiotics on the absolute weight growth of pearl catfish seeds measuring 5-7 cm in the maintenance tub. The method used in this study is an experimental method. The design used in this study was a Complete Randomized Design (RAL) with four treatments and six replicates. The treatment given is: addition of probiotics mina pro at a dose of 2 ml/kg of feed, 4 ml/kg of feed, 6 ml/kg of feed and without the addition of probiotics to feed. Other parameters that were also studied included water quality including temperature, pH and DO.

CV Jambi Permata is located at Jln. Kapten Pattimura No.116, Kenali Besar, Kec. Kota Baru, Jambi City, is a public service facility engaged in travel services. Based on a survey conducted by the author, directly to the location of CV. Jambi Permata. The author finds obstacles caused by the current business process, namely making it difficult for prospective passengers when they have to go directly to the location to find out the availability of travel ticket stock, so that when the ticket runs out, prospective passengers are forced to look for another travel service. Prospective customers must come more than once to the administration to find out the departure schedule, just to adjust the passenger's planned departure schedule. Making it difficult for administration to find customer data and customer departure schedules through books, where the data is already very large. Making it difficult for administration admins to recap data to be made into reports, because they have to check the entire history of previous transactions. then the solution the author offers is able to improve administrative performance in managing reservation data and make it easier for prospective passengers to place orders. The travel ticket booking information system that will be proposed presents more accurate, timely and relevant information. So that with this information, the leadership of CV. Jambi Permata can predict conditions or needs in the future better and can make decisions and can take the best actions for the progress of the business being run.

Digital bureaucratic transformation has become a crucial component of public administration reform in Indonesia through the utilization of technology to enhance public services. This study examines the implementation of the M-Paspor application as one of the strategic policy innovations in the immigration sector. The application was developed as a solution to problems found in the conventional service system. M-Paspor simplifies the passport application procedures, increases bureaucratic effectiveness and efficiency, and strengthens accountability in public service delivery. The presence of M-Paspor has brought significant changes to the structure and work system within the Directorate General of Immigration. However, its implementation still faces various challenges, including unequal digital access, limited infrastructure, low digital literacy among civil servants, and resistance to changes in bureaucratic work culture. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach based on literature review, with sources selected using search strings tailored to the research objectives. The results of this study are expected to serve as a reference for further discussions regarding the benefits, challenges, and sustainability of M-Paspor in supporting the broader digitalization of public service programs in Indonesia.

Indonesia, considered the country with the second-highest level of biodiversity in the world after Brazil, possesses extraordinary biological wealth that remains underutilized. The field of traditional medicine utilizes natural resources to prevent and treat physical and mental disorders. Periwinkle, or Catharanthus roseus, is one of the most widely used plants due to its abundance of bioactive phytochemicals, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. The ethanol extract from Periwinkle leaves has the potential to act as a natural antipyretic agent that can reduce body temperature during fever. The purpose of this study is to review and analyze previous research findings on the antipyretic effects of ethanol extract from Periwinkle leaves on mice (Mus musculus). According to a literature review from various sources, the ethanol extract of Periwinkle leaves demonstrates a comparable level of effectiveness to synthetic antipyretic drugs in lowering the body temperature of fever-induced mice. Furthermore, the content of active compounds and the antipyretic performance of this plant are influenced by its variety and environmental factors. Body temperature begins to decrease one hour after extract administration and reaches its peak reduction at the third hour. Therefore, Periwinkle may serve as an alternative natural antipyretic remedy. However, further research is necessary to standardize its usage and conduct clinical trials on humans.

The effort to implement good governance reflects the government's desire to apply good governance in the administration of regional government. A good government SPI can also influence the actions and activities carried out continuously by the leadership and all staff to provide adequate assurance of the achievement of organizational goals. This research was conducted to determine the effect of good governance on the performance of local government, to determine the effect of the internal control system on the performance of local government,  to determine whether the internal control system moderates the effect of good governance on the performance of local government and to understand the Islamic Economic perspective on the effect of good governance on the performance of local government  in the Department of Industry and Trade of Lampung Province. The method used employs a quantitative approach. The population in this study consists of all employees of the Department of Industry and Trade of Lampung Province, and the sample taken was 46 respondents using the purposive sampling technique. In this study, it is shown that poor governance will not affect the performance of the regional government at the Department of Industry and Trade of Lampung Province. But the higher the internal control system in the Department of Industry and Trade of Lampung Province, the more it will be able to improve the performance of the regional government, and the higher the internal control system in the Department of Industry and Trade of Lampung Province, the more it will strengthen the influence of good governance on the performance of the regional government.

This research examines innovations in development administration through the application of technology to enhance transparency and accountability in governance processes. Using a case study approach across three regional governments in Indonesia, the study analyzes the implementation of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in public administration systems. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with 45 stakeholders, direct observations of e-governance platforms, and analysis of implementation reports. The findings reveal that strategic technology deployment can significantly improve communication channels between government and citizens, increase public participation in development processes, and strengthen accountability mechanisms. However, successful implementation depends on institutional readiness, human resource capacity, and appropriate regulatory frameworks. This research contributes to understanding how digital transformation can support good governance principles in developing contexts while highlighting implementation challenges that must be addressed for technology-driven administrative reforms to succeed.

This study aims to analyze the legal implications of the luxury goods Value Added Tax (VAT) increase policy in Indonesia, which will take effect in January 2025. This policy is based on Law Number 7 of 2021 on the Harmonization of Tax Regulations and its derivative regulations, with the objective of increasing state revenue and reducing the consumption of luxury goods, which is often associated with economic inequality. This research employs a normative method with a literature study approach, analyzing tax regulations, academic journals, and relevant literature. The findings indicate that while this policy may enhance tax revenue and reduce economic disparity, its implementation faces challenges related to legal certainty, tax compliance, and its impact on consumer purchasing power and investment in the luxury goods sector. Additionally, the potential rise in tax disputes due to differing interpretations of luxury goods classification is a major concern. Therefore, clear regulations, a more transparent tax administration mechanism, and economic impact mitigation strategies are necessary to ensure the effectiveness and fairness of this policy implementation.This study aims to analyze the legal implications of the luxury goods Value Added Tax (VAT) increase policy in Indonesia, which will take effect in January 2025. This policy is based on Law Number 7 of 2021 on the Harmonization of Tax Regulations and its derivative regulations, with the objective of increasing state revenue and reducing the consumption of luxury goods, which is often associated with economic inequality. This research employs a normative method with a literature study approach, analyzing tax regulations, academic journals, and relevant literature. The findings indicate that while this policy may enhance tax revenue and reduce economic disparity, its implementation faces challenges related to legal certainty, tax compliance, and its impact on consumer purchasing power and investment in the luxury goods sector. Additionally, the potential rise in tax disputes due to differing interpretations of luxury goods classification is a major concern. Therefore, clear regulations, a more transparent tax administration mechanism, and economic impact mitigation strategies are necessary to ensure the effectiveness and fairness of this policy implementation.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency or insulin resistance. Currently available pharmacological treatments often cause unwanted side effects, so alternative therapies that are safer and more effective are needed. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of telang flower extract in reducing blood glucose levels and preventing complications. The potential of Clitoria ternatea as an antidiabetic agent was explored through a systematic literature review, using scientific databases such as Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Mendeley with the keywords “Clitoria ternatea AND diabetes AND blood glucose.” Inclusion criteria applied included experimental studies conducted on diabetes-induced mice samples, interventions with telang flower extract administration, and publications within the last 5 years (2021-2025). From a total of 1,858 articles identified, by applying the PRISMA-ScR method, 8 articles were obtained that met the inclusion criteria. The analysis showed that telang flower extract was effective in reducing blood glucose levels. This antidiabetic effect is thought to be due to the presence of flavonoids and other bioactive compounds in telang flowers that act as α-amylase enzyme inhibitors, antioxidants, and anti-inflammatories. These findings indicate the potential of Clitoria ternatea as a promising therapeutic alternative in the management of diabetes mellitus.

Digital bureaucracy is a new bureaucratic system that arises because of globalization, as well as a substitute for the classic bureaucratic concept, namely paper-based bureaucracy. Digital bureaucracy has a role in improving the good governance system, by increasing the four indicators of good governance principles, namely transparency, accountability, efficiency and effectiveness. Indonesia can take advantage of the existing demographic bonus. Human resource management as the foundation for running the digital governance wheel is an important key. Adoption of technology in various public service sectors and supported by human resources with high digital adaptability is expected to increase the competitiveness of our governance. The state has a goal in realizing the welfare of its people. So that the state needs to do various things in meeting the needs of the community through the implementation of public services. In order to meet the needs of the community to run well, the urgency related to the quality of public services is very large. As for what affects the quality of public services, one of them is internal factors, namely discretionary authority,actions determined, carried out by government officials to overcome concrete problems faced in the administration of government in terms of laws and regulations that provide choices, do not regulate, are incomplete or unclear,there is government stagnation. Discretion is used by the government for and on behalf of positions, carried out within the formal environment of the authority of government officials, its implementation is directed at effectiveness and efficiency, and must be in accordance with AUPB, and based on the principle of rationality. Any use of government officials' discretion is aimed at facilitating government administration, filling legal voids.

Agraria law is the law that regulates relations between people and land and other people. Sudikno Mertokusumo explained that the law, also known as land law, is the interest of people in other people regarding land. According to Subekti, agrarian law is the totality of legal provisions, whether civil, state administration or state administration law, which also regulates authorities that originate from certain relationships. For information, the basis of agrarian law is regulated in Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning basic regulations on agrarian principles or UUPA. In this agrarian law regulation, there are at least seven principles1. These are: the principle of control by the state, the principle of social function, the principle of customary law, the principle of nationality or nationhood, the principle of limiting land ownership for the sake of the public interest, the principle of general planning and the principle of land preservation. From various literature it is known that the history of the birth of the UUPA tells the long history of the struggle of national figures in reducing the impartiality of land law for the benefit of society at large. In the era of reform, the logical consequences between political existence and interests and legal certainty, especially regarding land issues, have become a trending topic that is interesting to discuss. The complexity of land issues in this country is increasingly increasing and complicated, and is exacerbated by friction between interests that are politically charged. Legal politics consists of a series of words politics and law. (Suderto, et., al 1983) explains that politics is used in various meanings, namely: 2 1. The word polik in Dutch, which means something related to the State 2. Means discussing state issues or those related to the State Furthermore, Sudarto emphasized that the meaning of politics is policy which is a synonym for policy. In this sense, the words economic politics, crime, legal politics and criminal law politics are found. The relationship between politics and law, according to (Mahfud et., al 1998) explains that law is a political product. Law is seen as an independent variable (variable influence) and politics as an independent variable (variable influence). With this assumption, Mahfud formulated the law as: 3 Legal policies that will be or have been implemented nationally by the government also include an understanding of how politics influences the law by looking at the configuration of forces behind the creation and enforcement of the law. Here the law is not only seen as articles that are imperative or mandatory, but must be seen as a sum system which in reality is not impossible, in fact it is not impossible which is very much determined by politics, both in the formulation of material and articles and in implementing them.

This research aims to determine the financial management process of Bumi Serdang village in the perspective of Minister of Home Affairs Regulation Number 20 of 2018 concerning Village Financial Management. This research is a type of descriptive research with a qualitative approach, namely the researcher conducted interviews with informants who were directly involved with activities in Bumi Serdang Village. Researchers used observation, interview and documentation data collection techniques as well as data analysis. The results of the research show that financial management in Bumi Serdang Village is as follows: (1) Financial management planning for Bumi Serdang village, Tungkal Ilir sub-district, Banyuasin Regency, namely the Village Secretary prepares a financial draft of village regulations regarding the Village APBDesa based on the RKPDesa. (2) Implementation of financial management in Bumi Serdang village, Tungkal Ilir sub-district, Banyuasin Regency, namely related to all village revenues and expenditures in the context of implementing village authority, carried out through the Village Cash Account. (3) Administration of the financial management of Bumi Serdang village, Tungkal Ilir District, Banyuasin Regency is carried out by Berdahara Village. (4) Reporting on the financial management of Bumi Serdang village, Tungkal Ilir sub-district, Banyuasin Regency, namely the Village Head submits a report on the realization of APBDesa implementation to the Banyuasin Regent in the form of a first semester report and a year-end semester report no later than the beginning of the year in accordance with the perspective of Permendagri No. 20 of 2018. (5 ) Accountability for the financial management of Bumi Serdang village, Tungkal Ilir sub-district, Banyuasin Regency. The Village Head submits an accountability report on the realization of APBDes implementation to the Regent of Banyuasin at the end of each fiscal year.

After Law Number 28 of 2009 pertaining to Regional Taxes and Regional Retributions was passed, the local administration is now able to collect local taxes in accordance with the plan. Finding out how taxpayer information and The purpose of this study is to determine how tax fines affect Pondok Melati District's adherence to land and construction tax payments. A review of the literature is utilized as evidence. This study employs quantitative methodologies, mostly through data collection via questionnaires. Multiple linear regression analysis is used to evaluate the data in this study. The study's findings indicate that while both elements have favorable and substantial effects at the same time, unpaid knowledge and tax sanctions have a partial and relatively high impact in Pondok Melati District for land and construction tax compliance.

Stunting remains a significant nutritional issue in Indonesia, primarily caused by inadequate dietary intake. Nutritional deficiencies in toddlers often result from insufficient breastfeeding and a lack of proper nutrition from complementary foods. This study aims to evaluate the impact of supplementary feeding (PMT) made from snakehead fish on the nutritional status of stunted toddlers aged 24–47 months. The research employed a total sampling method, involving 15 toddlers within the specified age range. Prior to the intervention, the respondents had an average body weight of 10.77 kg, categorized as severely underweight. Following the administration of snakehead fish-based PMT, their average weight increased to 12.33 kg, falling into the underweight category. Statistical analysis revealed a p-value of 0.000, indicating a significant effect of the snakehead fish-based PMT in improving the nutritional status of stunted toddlers. These findings highlight the potential of local food sources, such as snakehead fish, to enhance maternal and child health efforts—particularly in addressing malnutrition through optimized use of locally sourced PMT in various preparations.

This essay was written to investigate why, in spite of the policies that the Nigerian government has put in place, poverty rates are still high. The main obstacle that every accountable and responsive government must overcome is Regardless matter whether the government is a military dictatorship or a democracy, it must improve and give greater meaning to the lives of its citizens if it is to remain relevant and legitimate in the eyes of the governed. Since independence, every succeeding administration has implemented some kind of plan to lessen the suffering of the populace and make them happy.Prior to and during the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP), it was noted that the majority of these programs were supply-driven, meaning they were unable to address the needs of the impoverished and, as a result, had little impact on reducing poverty. In order to reach the target poor, various programs that were introduced after SAP adopted a demand-driven strategy. The purpose of this study are (i) to critically analyze the several programs, reforms, and policies aimed at reducing poverty that have been implemented by Nigerian governments in succession, as well as the factors that contributed to their success or failure. (ii). expresses profoundly helpful measures that, if properly applied, would help the country escape its current poverty trap and put it on the correct path for sustainable economic development rather than just the steady economic progress it has seen over the years.

Information security is one of the key aspects of protecting information assets. Referring to the Regulation of the Ministry of Communication and Informatics No. 4 of 2016, Electronic System Providers (PSE) are required to implement information security to safeguard public interests, public services, state administration, and national defense and security. Therefore, the XYZ Regency Communication and Information Office, as an Electronic System Provider, needs to conduct an evaluation of its information security. This study aims to assess the level of information security at the XYZ Regency Communication and Information Office using the KAMI Index version 5.0 and to provide improvement recommendations in accordance with ISO/IEC 27001:2022 controls. The KAMI Index is used as a standard evaluation tool for assessing information security readiness based on the Regulation of the National Cyber and Crypto Agency (BSSN) No. 8 of 2021. The evaluation results show that the XYZ Regency Communication and Information Office obtained a final score of 248, with a readiness status of "Not Eligible" to meet the ISO/IEC 27001:2022 standard. The maturity level of information security is in the range of Level I to II. Improvement recommendations are provided based on questionnaire results that do not yet meet the ISO/IEC 27001:2022 standards. These recommendations serve as a reference for the XYZ Regency Communication and Information Office to align its information security governance with the ISO/IEC 27001:2022 standard.