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The low understanding of mathematical concepts experienced by students also has an impact on students' ability to solve problems related to mathematics because the concepts taught by teachers are never found in everyday life. Therefore, a learning approach is needed that encourages students to construct their own mathematical concepts based on experiences that occur in everyday life. The research method used in this research is Systematic Literature Review (SLR). The data collection process includes collecting and analyzing every published article and book that discusses mathematical concepts and the application of Realistic Mathematics Education (RME). The journals used in this research are national and international journals indexed by SINTA and SCOPUS. Research findings show that the RME approach has an important role in improving students' ability to understand mathematical concepts in several materials at every level of education.

Abstract: Behavioristic theory is important to study in the learning process, because this theory is easy to apply in educational learning in Indonesia. Learning theory is a combination of interconnected principles and explanations of a number of facts and discoveries related to learning events. This research reviews behavioristic theory and its application in learning. The aim of this research is that it can be applied in PAI learning, apart from educating cognitively, psychomotorically, it can also guide students' behavior in a better direction. The method used by the author is descriptive qualitative which attempts to explain the application of behavioristic theory so that it is able to produce changes in behavior towards students. Through this research, the author tries to reveal the application of behavioristic theory in PAI learning at SDIT Cahaya Hati Bukittinggi as well as changes in behavior that occur in students using a behavioristic theory approach. Based on the research results, it was found that the application of behavioristic learning theory to PAI learning was carried out in several stages, namely, stimulus (encouragement for the delivery of material/motivation from the teacher), response (response from students), while reinforcement/reinforcement was carried out by the teacher using the reward method, punishment, and reinforcement.

This reseacrh is intended to test the application of the gamification-based cooperative learning model and its influence on the mathematics learning outcomes of grade 4 students at SDN 1 Kayuambon. The cooperative model is a learning process that emphasizes cooperation and interaction so that students play an active role during the learning process. This cooperative learning model can be combined with a gamification-based learning model so that students can experience the learning process in a fun way. This research uses quantitative methods by comparing pretest and posttest data on the application of conventional models and gamification-based cooperative models. The research suggest an increase in learning outcomes in the pretest and posttest when the gamification-based cooperative model was applied by 8.14.

This article discusses the potential use of websites as a tool for learning Hijaiyah letters, the basis of Arabic writing and the Quran. The purpose of this service is to see explore the role and possibility of utilizing websites in facilitating the learning of Hijaiyah letters. The service was carried out at Darul Farhan TPA using the socialization method and learning approach Using an educative website construct TPA children are introduced to Hijaiyah letters through an educational website that attracts their attention. The use of laptops and smartphones facilitates the identification of Hijaiyah letters, and the “Construct” program is used to measure children's understanding of the letters. The results of the service show that the use of the Construct website in the introduction and learning of Hijaiyah letters at Darul Farhan TPA makes it easy for children to understand Hijaiyah letters.  This learning method also prevents children's boredom by combining learning with games.

Civics Civics Education is an important subject in education to form awareness and understanding of the rights and obligations as good citizens. The purpose of this study is to increase knowledge and interest in learning Civics Education (PKn) among Students and College Students. The research method used is descriptive quantitative with a survey approach using a questionnaire. The results showed that there were significant differences in knowledge and interest between students and female students in learning Civics Education. Students tend to be more knowledgeable and more interested in civic learning than students. This could be due to factors such as higher level of education, wider life experience, and greater desire to learn civics. However, it should be noted that the results of this study should not be generalized to the entire student population. Other variables such as educational background, social environment, and personal factors can also influence knowledge and interest in learning civics. This article helps us better understand the differences in knowledge and interest in learning Civics between high school and university students. The implications of this study can be used to improve Civics teaching methods to be more effective and interesting for students.

The rapid development of educational technology presents new opportunities for enhancing the teaching and learning process through electronic media, which can make learning more interesting and interactive, thus increasing student motivation and engagement. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different teaching methods direct teaching and the use of audio-visual media in enhancing English language comprehension among fifth grade students at SD Muhammadiyah Pahandut, Palangka Raya. The research involved a service activity conducted with lecturers and students from the Tadris English Education Study Program (TBI) IAIN Palangka Raya. The methodology included both pre-service preparations and the implementation of two distinct teaching approaches. Class 5A received direct teaching with active interaction, while Class 5B utilized interactive videos. The study revealed that conventional teaching in Class 5A faced challenges such as reduced student engagement and passive participation. However, strategic improvements in teaching techniques and classroom management were recommended to enhance effectiveness. In contrast, the use of technological media in Class 5B resulted in higher student engagement and better comprehension of the material, as evidenced by their active participation and correct responses during activities. Overall, the study highlights the advantages and disadvantages of both teaching methods, emphasizing that the choice of method should be context-specific and aligned with learning objectives and student characteristics. The findings suggest that integrating technological media can significantly enhance the learning experience and outcomes, particularly for elementary school students.

In elementary school, Citizenship Education subjects are an ideal forum for inserting character education, because the topics include values ​​such as responsibility, honesty, justice, cooperation and love of the country. Teachers are able to integrate various activities and learning methods to help students know and apply these values ​​in everyday life. In this study, the researcher used a qualitative or narrative method which aims to study a problem more deeply using the method of analyzing several theories without calculating percentages. This research uses a qualitative research method because it describes the implementation of character education in elementary schools to see clearly news about the reality that occurs in the field, after that analyzing the results. Therefore, Citizenship Education learning must be improved to improve student character through planning, implementation and assessment processes. This effort is included in the Citizenship Education subject, where citizenship education material produces student character. For this reason, character education is said to have been successfully implemented in several elementary schools. It can be concluded that the implementation of character education through Civics subjects in elementary schools is important, although there are still several challenges such as a lack of teacher training and a rigid curriculum.

Cyberbullying is an action related to the use of digital technology to intentionally hurt, humiliate or bully other people online. This research focuses on the classification of cyberbullying comments on social media, especially Instagram comments, where many parties who then become a group of people who don't like something will come together to provide negative opinions and comments, which can cause lowered self-confidence and other bad impacts for other users and account owner. Therefore, a classification of Instagram comments regarding cyberbullying was carried out as an effort to prevent this action. The data used in this research is 2000 data, where this data will go through various processes so that it can be executed. In this research, the Naïve Bayes method was used by dividing two classes, namely Bully and Not Bully. Based on the results of the tests that have been carried out, the results obtained are an accuracy value of 84%, a precision value of 84%, a recall of 84%, and an f1-score of 84%.

One of the places of education in Bandung, namely the 184 Buahbatu State Elementary School (SDN) needs to instill concern for waste in its students. Concern for the environment at SDN 184 Buahbatu is still lacking when viewed from waste management. For example, the results of students' work using used goods were not found. The culture that considers waste to be a useless material has not been conveyed carefully by teachers, so that all waste is still considered to be disposed of or destroyed. The culture of sorting waste has not been implemented properly due to the low understanding and motivation of every student at the school. The school has not felt the direct benefits of waste segregation. There are no restrictions such as pamphlets warning not to litter, which are also needed to remind school members. The aim of the research was to design and build using Construct 3 waste sorting game application for students at SDN 184 Buahbatu in increasing awareness of the school environment and its surroundings. The game application for sorting waste is made using the ADDIE method with the help of Scirra Construct 3. As a result, through this developed waste sorting game application, teachers can deliver material about sorting carefully. So that students are more motivated to sort waste by type in the school environment.

This research aims to identify strategies used by social studies teachers in increasing student learning motivation in social studies subjects at MTs Ma'arif NU Blitar. The research method used is qualitative, with data collection through observation, interview, and documentation. Data analysis is carried out qualitatively descriptively, describing the situation based on written and oral data from the respondent. The results showed that teachers at MTs Ma'arif NU Blitar applied various learning strategies and methods, including the use of smart TVs and question and answer games, to increase student motivation and involvement in the learning process. These findings indicate that the strategy is effective in improving student learning outcomes, motivation, and performance.

The school environment requires each other to interact and communicate every day. The problem in research is that deaf students who have hearing impairments need knowledge to be able to coexist with society. Teachers really need the right communication approach so that students can understand what is being conveyed so that there will be a reciprocal relationship between the two. The purpose of this research is to determine teachers' communication approaches in social interactions with deaf students. This research explains how a communication approach is important in the social interactions of deaf students through interactions in classroom learning and also in the school environment. This research uses qualitative research methods using Burgoon's interaction adaptation theory which discusses nine principles in adaptation. This research uses data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews and documentation techniques. The results of this research are that adaptation in the communication approach in social interaction of deaf students requires adapting interaction patterns, varying distance patterns and strategies as well as the importance of behavior in adaptation. Apart from that, in the communication approach the teacher determines communication media in the learning process in the classroom and provides direction to students to increase social interaction. Learning to develop sound and rhythm perception as well as speech development, these activities are efforts made by the school to increase social interaction for deaf students. Communication patterns in teaching at SLB B YPAC Palembang are two-way communication.

When learning mathematics, students sometimes experience errors in understanding concepts, data, procedures, and principles, especially in algebraic operations. This research analyzes students' errors in solving mathematics problems on algebraic operations material. The research method used is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The research subjects were class VIII students at SMP Negeri 4 Kawangkoan. The instruments used were written tests, interviews, and expert validation. Data analysis techniques use qualitative techniques, including data collection, reduction, and conclusion. The conclusions obtained include that students experience three types of errors in solving mathematics problems: data errors, theorem or definition errors, and technical errors.    

Self-efficacy is an individual’s confidence about performed accompanied task by the ability to complete the work that has been given. PKM can improve confidence education student to teaching in providing direct learning to learners. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that can increase self-efficacy of teaching in PKM courses. This research used a descriptive method with the research subjects of UNJ Social Studies Education Students class of 2020 who has attended the PKM course. UNJ Social Studies Education students have a moderate level of self-efficacy, which means that UNJ Social Studies Education students have the confidence to teach and are able to complete the task given during PKM. However, in the preparation process its implementation still has some shortage so that it can affect the self-efficacy of teaching. Influencing factors are (1) interest in becoming a teacher, (2) supporting courses, (3) implementation mechanisms, (4) sources of self-efficacy, Mastery Experience, Vicarious Experience, Social Persuasion, Physiological and Emotional State. Researchers can then use questionnaires so that the results obtained have definite numerical data so that self-efficacy can be measured properly.

Divorce is something that is undesirable for every husband and wife. However, as time goes by, every family will experience great disagreements or conditions that make the decision to divorce a last resort. Divorce can only be done in front of a court hearing. The Religious Court is the judicial institution that has the authority to decide on these cases. As with marriage, divorce must also be based on strong reasons underlying the lawsuit. Through this research, the author and researcher hopes that the research results can be used as a reference or learning material regarding the reasons why someone sues their partner for divorce. This research was prepared using normative juridical methods which were presented descriptively and supported by literature study. This research was also prepared to explore the causes of divorce that occurred in Magelang Regency in 2023, whether divorce divorce or divorce lawsuits filed by husband and wife to the Mungkid Class IA Religious Court as an authorized court and in accordance with its absolute and relative competence.

This research aims to (1) obtain information regarding teacher creativity in implementing the independent curriculum, (2) determine the obstacles that arise in achieving creative teachers. This research is descriptive qualitative research using interviews and observation techniques, then the data is processed using Miles and Huberman data analysis. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that creativity in preparing teaching modules and teaching materials is grouped into four dimensions, namely personal dimensions, process dimensions, product dimensions and press dimensions. The personal dimension of creativity in preparing teaching modules can be seen from the application of differentiated learning, the application of learning methods, and the elements of teaching modules. The dimensions of the creativity process in preparing teaching modules can be seen from the survey of student needs and understanding of learning outcomes, learning objectives and the flow of learning objectives. The product dimension of creativity in preparing teaching modules can be seen from the appearance of the teaching module and the content of the teaching module. In the press dimension, creativity in preparing teaching modules can be seen from the recognition and responses of other people. Meanwhile, the personal dimension of creativity in preparing teaching materials can be seen from the diversity of teaching materials and learning media as well as the depth of materials and assessments. The dimensions of the creativity process in preparing teaching materials can be seen from understanding the teaching materials. In the product dimension, creativity in preparing teaching materials can be seen from the resulting teaching materials. In the press dimension, creativity in preparing teaching materials can be seen from the recognition and responses of other people. Barriers that are often experienced include self-motivation, time management, and mastery of information technology.    

This research aims to find out whether the application of auxiliary media on an inclined plane mattress can improve the learning process and students' skills in learning floor exercise front rolls. The research method used to answer the research objectives was the class-room action research method. The subjects of this research were 33 students of class XI AKL 2 SMKN 6 Surakarta, consisting of 33 female students. The results of the pre-cycle research showed that the majority of students did not understand the front roll movement skill, so the pre-cycle scores were 42.42% (very good category), 15.15 (good category), 21.21 (fair category), 3 .03% (poor category) and 18.18% (very poor category. With an average student score of 7.0 (good category), and class learning completeness of 57.57% (low category). In the first cycle with learning through the application of incline mattress supporting media obtained a score from observations of student activities was 7 (good category), and the observation of teacher activities was also 7 (good category). The increase in students' skills in carrying out forward rolling skills is affected by the use of supporting media. Based on the results above, it can be concluded that the application of supporting media in learning has been proven to improve forward rolling skills.

The focus of the article is to describe the use of a HOTS-based learning model that can improve the problem solving abilities of students in elementary schools as well as strategies that can be used in implementing HOTS learning in the classroom. This research uses a literature study method by examining several sources from journals and books related to the use of the HOTS-based learning model in improving the Problem Solving abilities of students in elementary schools. This research uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method or literature review by systematically identifying journals. The steps in the SLR method are 1) Develop Research Questions, 2) Selection Criteria, 3) Developing The Search Strategy, 4) The Study Selection Process, 5) Appraising the Quality of Studies.

The purpose of this study was to identify and explain what encourages students to study Cultural Arts (Music) in class VIII of SMP Negeri 15 Padang. This research used a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The researcher became the main instrument in data collection, with the help of stationery and camera. Data were collected through observation, direct interaction, and documentation. Data analysis was carried out by reducing information, presenting findings, and concluding research results. The findings show the low motivation of students in learning Cultural Arts (music) at the grade VIII level, which is caused by the ineffectiveness of the expository teaching method used by the teacher. This is reinforced by findings from interviews which show that students are more inclined towards extrinsic motivation compared to intrinsic motivation. The lack of access to learning media devices such as projectors, laptops and speakers in the school environment is also one of the factors contributing to students' lack of interest in learning Cultural Arts (music) at SMP Negeri 15 Padang.

Many incidents that occur in school-age children are postural errors in carrying out learning activities. One of the causes of posture errors is the use of bags that are too heavy. The weight of a bag that is more than 10% of the child's body weight can affect posture, especially the curves of the spine and is at great risk of causing scoliosis. To determine whether there is a relationship between bag weight and risk of scoliosis in children aged 9-12 years at Gonilan 02 Elementary School. Using the Cross Sectional Study method, with a sample of 110 children using the Total Sampling technique. Based on the results of research that has been conducted from the Spearman’s rho Test, the significance value of p = 0.000 is obtained, which indicates that there is a relationship between the bag load and the risk of scoliosis in children aged 9-12 years at Gonilan 02 Elementary School. The value of r = 0.418 means that the level of closeness of the relationship is moderate and the data is positive, namely the increasing value of the independent variable (bag load), the value of the dependent variable (risk of scoliosis) will also increase. Based on the results of the research that has been done, it shows that there is a relationship between the bag load and the risk of scoliosis in children aged 9-12 years at Gonilan 02 Elementary School. The significance value is p = 0.000. With the level of closeness of the relationship worth r = 0.418, which means that the data is moderate and the data is positive, namely the increasing value of the independent variable (bag load), the value of the dependent variable (risk of scoliosis) will also increase.

The digital age offers new possibilities for catechesis including the use of video as an effective learning tool. In the context of digital catechesis, strategies for the use of learning videos are becoming increasingly important that can provide religious and moral messages conveyed in ways that are interesting, creative, relevant, and accessible to the wider community. As for the challenges in making and using learning videos, the right strategy is needed. The aim is to provide understanding and expand the range of catechesis. The method used in this writing is a literature study by collecting data obtained from books and journals related to the problem being studied by the author. Digital catechesis is a powerful tool for making religious teachings and moral values available to the wider public and easily accessible anytime and anywhere. Therefore, the author expects strategies for using learning videos in the context of digital catechesis need to be developed to maximize their benefits for many people.