Publication Search

This study investigates the influence of the marketing mix (product, price, promotion, and place) on purchase decisions for automotive products at PT. XYZ Sidoarjo. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected from 150 consumers who had purchased vehicles, spare parts, or services within the last six months. A structured questionnaire measured the four marketing mix elements and purchase decision using a 5-point Likert scale. Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to test the partial and simultaneous effects of the independent variables on the dependent variable. The results indicate that all four elements significantly and positively affect purchase decisions, with price emerging as the most dominant factor. The model’s Adjusted R² value of 0.915 shows that the marketing mix variables explain 91.5% of the variation in purchase decisions. These findings reinforce the relevance of the 4P framework in the automotive sector and highlight the need for integrated marketing strategies. Practically, the study suggests that PT. XYZ Sidoarjo should focus on maintaining competitive pricing, enhancing product quality and innovation, optimizing promotional activities—especially digital marketing—and strengthening distribution channels to sustain competitiveness in a dynamic market. In addition to these findings, the study provides insight into consumer behavior within the automotive industry, particularly in a highly competitive market like Sidoarjo. Consumers are increasingly sensitive to pricing structures, especially given the economic pressures and the availability of alternative brands. Price sensitivity, therefore, should be a focal point in shaping future marketing strategies. Companies need to conduct regular market analysis to ensure their pricing aligns with customer expectations and perceived value.

Film as a form of mass media has an important role in the socio-cultural, artistic, political, as well as scientific realms. Cek Toko Lado 2 is a continuation of the story of the Chinese family of Koh Afuk which is in the comedy genre and directed by Ernest Prakasa. This film not only presents entertainment, but also presents family dynamics, parental expectations, and challenges in maintaining family business while building trust between fellow family members. The stories presented are able to illustrate the social reality of urban communities who are often faced with a dilemma between family interests and individual freedom. The purpose of this research is to analyze the struggle of Erwin's character in fighting for his love for Natalie and his efforts to get the blessing of his future in-laws. The research method used is qualitative with the approach of Charles Sanders Peirce's semiotic theory. The data source was obtained through direct observation of scenes and dialogues in the film, and reinforced by documentation and literature studies. The results of the study show that Erwin's struggle can be understood through three main elements in Peirce's semiotics, namely sign, object, and interpretant. First, the spirit of never giving up is reflected in Erwin's consistency in facing various obstacles. Second, the attitude of responsibility can be seen from Erwin's commitment to his career and the romantic relationship he is living. Third, the willingness to sacrifice is evident when Erwin prioritizes personal interests in order to gain the blessing of Natalie's family. In conclusion, this study emphasizes that films not only function as a means of entertainment, but also as a social learning medium that conveys moral messages about struggle, sacrifice, and the importance of trust in family relationships and romance. Thus, Cek Toko Lado 2 is able to be a relevant and inspiring social reflection for the audience, especially urban people who are facing the dynamics of family life and love.

This study discusses the implementation of consumer law in the context of gold investment through PT X's digital application and the consumer protection guarantee mechanisms presented in the system. The research method used is normative juridical, namely a method that emphasizes the study of applicable positive legal norms, legal doctrine, and the application of relevant legal principles. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of consumer law in digital-based gold investment has been carried out in accordance with contractual principles as stipulated in civil law and in line with the provisions of Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. In practice, gold investment transactions through the X application are carried out with a mixed agreement containing elements of sale and purchase, deposit, and pawn. This is an important basis because the legal relationship between consumers and companies is not only a single transaction, but a combination that requires guaranteed protection of consumer rights. The legal basis for this mechanism is reflected in the X Digital Application Operational Guidelines Number 28 of 2024, which detailed administrative procedures, application usage requirements, and the implementation of consumer protection principles as stipulated in Articles 4, 7, 18, and 45 of the Consumer Protection Law. Thus, the implemented system not only emphasizes commercial aspects but also ensures a balance between the rights and obligations of consumers and businesses. This study highlights how digital transformation in financial services requires a robust legal framework to protect consumers from potential risks. Therefore, internal company regulations and guidelines play a strategic role in ensuring fairness and providing a sense of security for people investing in gold through digital applications.  

The lack of interest of young children in learning numbers is a common challenge in kindergarten learning activities. Children tend to be passive during the mathematics learning process because the approach used is not appropriate to their age developmental characteristics, which prefer play, movement, and direct interaction with concrete media. To address this problem, the Community Service Program (KKN) at At-Tien Kindergarten, Sumber Gayam, focused on learning innovation by designing a simple media called the Mathematics Ferris Wheel. This media was designed by combining elements of play and motor activity, making it more engaging for children. The research in this community service activity used a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach, which actively involved teachers and students in the planning, implementation, and evaluation stages. The media was implemented by children turning the Ferris wheel in turns, then calling out the number indicated along with the numbers before and after. Through this activity, children not only learned to recognize number sequences but also practiced concentration, courage, and communication skills. The implementation results showed that the use of the Mathematics Ferris Wheel was able to significantly improve the understanding of number concepts in early childhood. Furthermore, children's active involvement in learning also increased, demonstrated by their enthusiasm in participating in the game from start to finish. Teachers found this media to be highly beneficial because it is easy to use, flexible, and adaptable to teach other topics such as colors, shapes, and letters. Thus, this KKN activity demonstrates that innovative, participatory learning media can create a fun, contextual, and effective learning environment. Such efforts are a practical solution to improving the quality of learning in early childhood education

Spiritual well-being in psychology is used to discuss the process of achieving spiritual conditions in individuals. Spiritual well-being is a concept regarding an innate state, has elements of motivation or drive to find the purpose of one's life, is dynamic and subjective in nature, and focuses on a certain uniqueness which is then believed to be the truth. One way to improve spiritual well-being is through dhikr activities, which are usually used as one of the psychotherapies in Islam. Epistemology as a branch of philosophy determines the character of knowledge, even determining the truths that are considered worthy of being accepted, and which ones should be rejected. Therefore, there are a number of questions that are usually asked to examine the issues in epistemology, namely what is knowledge, what are the sources and bases of knowledge? Is this knowledge a definite truth or just a guess? To answer all questions regarding the epistemology of knowledge, this article will examine in more depth the theories of knowledge and truth in epistemology. The method used in writing this article is a literature study. After presenting several explanations from various literature sources, it can be concluded that it is almost impossible to talk about "knowledge" without considering things about "truth".    

Criminal liability, also known as "criminal responsibility," is a legal assessment that is made after all elements of a criminal act are met or evidence of a criminal act is proven. The purpose of this assessment is to determine whether the defendant can be held accountable for the criminal act committed. This study specifically focuses on criminal liability for the perpetrator of murder who is a person with paranoid schizophrenia, as well as the factors that influence the act of murder. The approaches used in this study are normative juridical and empirical juridical juridical The research involved the Judge of the Gedong Tataan District Court and a Psychiatrist at the Regional Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Lampung as the main speakers. Data collection was carried out through literature studies and field studies to obtain a comprehensive picture related to the legal, medical, psychological, and social aspects of the case being studied. The results of the study show that the defendant, even though it is legally proven that he committed a criminal act as stated in Decision No. 105/Pid.B/2023/PN.Gdt, is bound by the provisions of Article 5 letter a juncto Article 44 Paragraph (3) of Law Number 23 of 2004 concerning the elimination of domestic violence. However, based on judicial, medical, and psychological considerations, the defendant cannot be criminally held liable for his actions for excused reasons related to mental disorders. Factors that affect this act of murder include psychological aspects, psychological conditions, mental health, traumatic experiences, and the social and family environment in which the perpetrator grew up. The analysis shows the importance of an integrative understanding between criminal law, psychiatry, and social conditions in determining criminal liability.

This study aims to examine the potential of the Baduy traditional house as a realistic context in mathematics learning, particularly in the material of spatial geometry. The traditional houses of the Baduy people not only function as residences, but also hold cultural values, philosophies, and architectural structures rich in geometric elements. Using a systematic literature review (SLR) approach, this study explores various scientific sources, including journal articles, proceedings, and reference books, that discuss the relationship between spatial elements and the structure of traditional Baduy buildings. This approach was chosen so that the study obtained is comprehensive, directed, and able to illustrate the real contribution of ethnomathematics in learning. The results of the review indicate that the Baduy traditional house contains various forms of spatial geometry that can be clearly recognized, including cuboids, triangular prisms, pyramids, cubes, and cylinders. These elements are reflected in building components such as roofs, walls, floors, support pillars, and traditional household furniture. The visual and functional representation of these spatial geometry has the potential to be a contextual resource that can be utilized by teachers in the mathematics learning process, particularly through the Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) approach. By linking abstract mathematical concepts to local cultural phenomena, students not only gain a better conceptual understanding but also increase their active engagement, motivation to learn, and awareness of their own cultural identity. These findings emphasize the importance of utilizing local wisdom as an ethnomathematics approach that can provide meaningful, contextual learning rooted in the realities of students' daily lives. Through the integration of culture and education, mathematics learning can be more relevant, engaging, and support the preservation of national culture.

Indonesia has a rich cultural heritage, one of which is batik, which has become a national cultural heritage and is recognized by UNESCO as a world intangible cultural heritage. Along with the development of digital technology and the increasingly dynamic needs of society, innovations in the form of digital batik have emerged, opening new opportunities in the preservation and development of traditional batik motifs. Digital batik not only allows efficiency in the production process but also expands the reach of creative expression through the exploration of new, more modern forms, colors, and media. This creative research aims to explore the shape and color of the female beetle (Coccinellidae) as inspiration in creating digital batik motifs that are then applied to mugs using digital printing techniques. The method used is exploratory with an artistic practice approach, involving stages ranging from visual concept design, digital sketching, color exploration, to the printing process on ceramic media. The design process was carried out digitally using the Ibis Paint application on a mobile device, which demonstrates that batik works can be created flexibly with the help of simple technology. The results of this creation are 15 digital batik works with the visual character of the female beetle that have been artistically modified without losing their distinctive shape and striking color. Each design measures 20 x 8 cm and is printed on a cylindrical mug with a curved surface. This research demonstrates that natural elements such as insects can be a rich source of aesthetic inspiration for developing contemporary batik motifs. Furthermore, this work demonstrates that modern technology can play a crucial role in maintaining the relevance and appeal of traditional arts like batik in the era of globalization and digitalization.

The government’s efforts to provide protection for trademark rights holders have been implemented by enacting and updating laws on trademarks. However, in reality, crimes against trademark rights continue to occur, including in the jurisdiction of the Tanjung Karang District Court. This research addresses the following issues: What are the judges' considerations in cases of unauthorized use of registered trademarks, and how is the criminal analysis of such offenses reflected in Decision Number: 381/Pid.Sus/2023/PN.Tjk? This study uses normative and empirical legal research methods, with statutory and conceptual approaches. The data type used is secondary data obtained through literature study. Data processing involved selection, classification, and organization. The data were analyzed using a descriptive qualitative method. The findings of this research indicate that the judge's legal basis in sentencing the defendant for the unauthorized use of a registered trademark in Decision Number: 381/Pid.Sus/2023/PN.Tjk includes juridical considerations—specifically that the defendant was legally and convincingly proven to have committed a criminal offense as regulated under Article 100 paragraph (1) of Law Number 20 of 2016 concerning Trademarks and Geographical Indications. Philosophically, the judge considered the imposed sentence as a means of rehabilitation and deterrence. Sociologically, the judge weighed both aggravating and mitigating factors in the sentencing. Criminal liability for the offender was based on the fulfillment of criminal responsibility elements, namely that the defendant was an adult and legally capable of committing the act. The element of fault was fulfilled, as the defendant knowingly and intentionally used a registered trademark without authorization, fully aware that such an act constitutes a criminal offense. The element of the absence of justification or excuse was also met, as the defendant committed the offense in a conscious and sound state of mind, without coercion.

This research aims to analyze the essence of the principle of legality and the recognition of living law in society after the reform of the Indonesian National Criminal Code (KUHP). The study employs normative or doctrinal juridical research, which relies on a legislative and conceptual approach. The principle of legality is a fundamental doctrine in criminal law, emphasizing that no individual may be punished without pre-existing legal provisions. This principle is crucial not only as an instrument to guarantee legal certainty but also as a safeguard of human rights against arbitrary and repressive actions of the state. Traditionally, the principle of legality contains several core elements, namely lex scripta (law must be written), lex certa (law must be clear), lex stricta (prohibition of analogy), and lex praevia (non-retroactivity of law). These elements ensure that criminal provisions are accessible, predictable, and prevent abuse of power. However, with the enactment of the new Criminal Code in 2023, the meaning and application of this principle have shifted. The reform introduces a transition from a strictly formal legality principle toward a material legality principle. This development is particularly reflected in Article 2, paragraph (1) of the new Criminal Code, which explicitly recognizes living law (hukum yang hidup dalam masyarakat) as a legitimate source of criminal law. The recognition of living law expands the scope of legality beyond statutory law to include unwritten norms that are deeply rooted in local communities and cultural traditions. On the one hand, this reform represents an effort to align national criminal law with Indonesia’s socio-cultural realities. On the other hand, it also raises critical debates regarding legal certainty, uniformity, and potential conflicts with universal human rights standards.

The contractual relationship between government entities (PA/KPA/PPK) and construction service providers in procurement activities is complex, as it intersects with both public and private law. Government procurement contracts for construction projects are often structured through a tender process, where service providers must compete to win the contract. Once the provider is selected, a legal agreement is formed, which regulates the roles, responsibilities, and obligations of the parties involved. This agreement is typically outlined in a contract document that serves as a formal, legally binding commitment. In civil law, such contracts are typically governed by private law principles, which include contracts, obligations, and liabilities. However, the nature of government procurement contracts adds a unique element of public law, particularly administrative and criminal law. The government’s involvement in these contracts introduces a dual legal framework that governs the relationship between the parties. On one hand, the contract is influenced by the state’s regulatory powers and administrative authority, ensuring compliance with legal standards and public interests. On the other hand, it is also subject to private law principles, as the government enters into agreements with construction providers just like any other business transaction. This mixed legal framework (or "mixed law") creates a distinctive legal relationship, where elements of public law, such as administrative regulations and oversight, coexist with private law principles, such as those governing contract enforcement and dispute resolution. The contract, which is a Keputusan Tindakan Administrasi Negara (KTUN), remains a civil law act, despite its public law foundation. This hybrid nature of government contracts ensures that both public and private law aspects are considered in the process, which can sometimes lead to legal complexities and challenges in the implementation and enforcement of these contracts.

This study focuses on the symbolic meanings embedded in the use of figurative language in the poetry anthology Selamat Menunaikan Ibadah Puisi by Joko Pinurbo. The research utilizes a descriptive qualitative approach, with semiotic analysis serving as the theoretical foundation. The purpose of this study is to examine how the figurative language used in the poems contributes to conveying deeper symbolic meanings, beyond their role as mere rhetorical devices. The findings of this research reveal that the figurative language within the poems plays a significant symbolic role in expressing complex themes such as inner suffering, memories, identity, alienation, and the quest for the meaning of life. Symbols like 'storm,' 'refrigerator,' 'dusk,' 'window,' 'door,' 'river,' and others are employed to represent abstract concepts, providing a more nuanced understanding of the human experience. The study identifies various types of figurative language, including metaphor, simile, personification, hyperbole, synecdoche, paradox, and irony. Each of these elements serves to enrich the meaning of the poems, adding layers of depth to the interpretation and enhancing the aesthetic experience for the reader. Through these figurative expressions, the poet effectively invites the reader to engage with both the emotional and intellectual dimensions of the poetry. This research emphasizes how Joko Pinurbo's use of figurative language transcends its traditional ornamental function, making it a powerful tool for conveying complex symbolic and existential themes. By analyzing the symbolic meanings in the poems, this study contributes to a deeper appreciation of the interplay between language, meaning, and emotion in contemporary Indonesian poetry.

Understanding verb-noun collocations is essential for exploring how abstract personal qualities are represented in language. This study aims to find out the types of verbs that occur before the five self-related compound nouns (self-esteem, self-confidence, self-assurance, self-worth, and self-respect), and investigate their collocational patterns. The data in this study were obtained from the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA). The data were collected by applying the documentation method. The technique involved searching for five compound nouns within the corpus and recording instances of their use. These occurrences, along with their collocates, were then copied and organized in an Excel spreadsheet. In the spreadsheet, columns were adjusted to separate and classify key elements such as the compound noun, the collocating verb, frequency data, and context sentences. The collected data were analyzed qualitatively to provide insights into lexical patterns, the types and tokens of frequency. The results show that the verbs that collocate with five self-related compounds in COCA vary in number and frequency, with self-confidence showing the highest types (20) and self-assurance the lowest (9). The verb build appears most frequently with self-confidence and self-esteem (4 tokens each), suggesting both are viewed as qualities that can be constructed or improved. Self-respect predominantly collocates with have (4 tokens), implying it is seen as possessive, while self-worth reflects both positive and negative framing through increase and reduce (2 tokens each). In contrast, self-assurance is frequently associated with lack (4 tokens) and show (2 tokens), indicating its absence or visibility. These patterns reveal that verb collocates offer important insights into how language frames self-constructions.

This study discusses how the application of media wealth by MTA TV's public relations in delivering da’wah messages through Instagram flyers on @mtatv_official in the period of 2021-2025. The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach with Roland Barthes' semiotic analysis, focusing on denotation, connotation, and myths. The findings reveal that MTA TV has effectively implemented four key elements of media wealth—signal diversity, language variations, personal sources, and regardless—through its use of Instagram flyers. These elements are designed to enhance the communication process, making the messages more engaging and accessible to the audience. The da’wah messages conveyed through the flyers are interpreted by the audience in three primary categories: invitation (76.67%), motivation (16.67%), and solidarity (6.67%). The majority of the audience interprets the messages as invitations to join or engage in religious activities, highlighting the importance of outreach and engagement in MTA TV's approach. The motivational aspect encourages positive actions and attitudes towards religious teachings, while solidarity, though less prevalent, emphasizes the sense of community and support within the Muslim audience. The use of media wealth on social media platforms like Instagram is shown to increase the effectiveness of da’wah messages by making them more visually appealing, interactive, and relatable to a wide audience. This study suggests that employing rich media content, such as Instagram flyers, can play a vital role in enhancing the reach and impact of religious communication. It also underscores the importance of understanding the semiotic elements in shaping how messages are interpreted by different segments of the audience, making it a valuable tool for religious organizations aiming to modernize their communication strategies.

The low level of reading literacy in remote areas, such as the Muna Barat Daya Regency, poses a significant challenge in basic education. One innovation proposed to address this issue is the implementation of Scramble Fun Learning, an educational game-based approach designed to enhance reading literacy skills in students at SD Negeri 1Weet. This community service activity was carried out in two stages: a theoretical stage, which provided foundational understanding about the importance of literacy and gamification approaches, and a practical stage involving both teachers and fifth-grade students in word arrangement activities. Scramble Fun Learning combines game elements with a gamification approach by having students arrange words from random letters. The main objective is to train vocabulary recognition, strengthen reading comprehension, and increase student motivation to learn. In this activity, students are challenged to form words or sentences within a limited time, which not only stimulates their creativity but also makes the learning process more enjoyable and engaging. This method enables students to learn while playing, which is particularly effective in overcoming the boredom that often occurs in conventional learning. The results of this activity showed a significant improvement in student enthusiasm, active participation, and literacy skills. Many students who were previously disinterested in reading activities became more enthusiastic and motivated. Despite limitations in resources and time, the activity was still effectively implemented, thanks to creative adjustments made by the implementing team to ensure the material and activities were well received by both students and teachers. Overall, these findings indicate that Scramble Fun Learning is a highly potential and applicable approach to improving students' reading literacy, especially in areas with limited educational resources. This approach not only enhances literacy skills but also builds students' interest and motivation to continue learning.

This study aims to analyze the framing of heritage tourism news in the online media DetikJatim.com during the period of July to December 2024. The research uses a qualitative method with Robert N. Entman’s framing analysis approach, which includes four elements: define problem, diagnose causes, make moral judgment, and treatment recommendation. A total of 28 news articles were analyzed and classified into six categories of heritage tourism. The findings show that DetikJatim frames the main issue as the lack of historical preservation and the weakening of the meaning of heritage areas amid modernization. The highlighted causes include weak historical literacy, dominance of folk narratives without academic support, and the repurposing of historical spaces. Morally, the media views historical preservation and the strengthening of local identity as a collective responsibility, encouraging the public to understand and appreciate history. The suggested solutions include reintroducing historical knowledge, educating through narratives of struggle, revitalizing sites, or simply highlighting their existence

The low level of reading literacy in remote areas, such as the Muna Barat Daya Regency, poses a significant challenge in basic education. One innovation proposed to address this issue is the implementation of Scramble Fun Learning, an educational game-based approach designed to enhance reading literacy skills in students at SD Negeri 1Weet. This community service activity was carried out in two stages: a theoretical stage, which provided foundational understanding about the importance of literacy and gamification approaches, and a practical stage involving both teachers and fifth-grade students in word arrangement activities. Scramble Fun Learning combines game elements with a gamification approach by having students arrange words from random letters. The main objective is to train vocabulary recognition, strengthen reading comprehension, and increase student motivation to learn. In this activity, students are challenged to form words or sentences within a limited time, which not only stimulates their creativity but also makes the learning process more enjoyable and engaging. This method enables students to learn while playing, which is particularly effective in overcoming the boredom that often occurs in conventional learning. The results of this activity showed a significant improvement in student enthusiasm, active participation, and literacy skills. Many students who were previously disinterested in reading activities became more enthusiastic and motivated. Despite limitations in resources and time, the activity was still effectively implemented, thanks to creative adjustments made by the implementing team to ensure the material and activities were well received by both students and teachers. Overall, these findings indicate that Scramble Fun Learning is a highly potential and applicable approach to improving students' reading literacy, especially in areas with limited educational resources. This approach not only enhances literacy skills but also builds students' interest and motivation to continue learning.

Trace elements such as copper, zinc, selenium, and chromium play essential roles in various enzymatic reactions, antioxidant defense mechanisms, and overall metabolic regulation, making them crucial for maternal and fetal health. During pregnancy, the demand for these micronutrients increases significantly due to physiological changes and the needs of the developing fetus. Inadequate or excessive levels of these trace elements can lead to altered fetal development and may impact neonatal outcomes immediately after birth. Given the sensitive developmental window of gestation, the intrauterine environment—including micronutrient status—has been hypothesized to influence neonatal physiological parameters such as heart rate, respiratory rate, and Apgar scores, which are commonly used to assess neonatal wellbeing in the early minutes of life. This study attempts to explore the impact of maternal trace element status—specifically copper, zinc, selenium, and chromium—along with selected maternal parameters (BMI, parity, gravida) on indicators of neonatal wellbeing, including heart rate, respiratory rate, and 5-minute Apgar score. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Delivery Room of the Obstetric Hospital in Al-Diwaniya City, Iraq, involving 50 mother-infant pairs. Data collection occurred from December 1, 2024, to February 10, 2025. Maternal blood samples were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry to determine serum concentrations of copper, zinc, selenium, and chromium. Neonatal outcomes were assessed via standard clinical evaluations: heart rate and respiratory rate were measured immediately postpartum, and Apgar scores were recorded at five minutes. Statistical analyses included Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression to assess associations between maternal factors and neonatal outcomes. Bivariate and multivariate analyses indicated limited but noteworthy associations. Maternal serum chromium levels were significantly associated with increased neonatal respiratory rate (p = 0.026), suggesting a possible stimulatory or stress-related effect.

Vocational education in Indonesia faces a serious challenge in the form of a gap between the competencies of Vocational High School (SMK) graduates and the evolving needs of the workforce. Timika City, despite having the largest number of vocational high schools (SMK) in Papua, has not yet fully demonstrated optimal educational management quality, particularly in the aspect of school administration. This condition has resulted in low effectiveness in data recording, documentation of industrial work practices, and reporting and evaluation of partnerships with the business and industrial world (DUDI). This study aims to explore and analyze administrative management strategies that can improve educational quality while strengthening the work readiness of vocational high school students in Timika City. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach with content analysis of secondary data, including government policy reports, educational statistics, and the latest scientific literature. The results show that weaknesses in the administrative system are one of the factors inhibiting the achievement of competitive vocational education quality. The implementation of management strategies based on Total Quality Management (TQM) principles, particularly through the Plan–Do–Check–Act (PDCA) cycle, data-driven decision-making, and the involvement of all school elements, has proven effective in increasing the efficiency and accountability of administrative services. The discussion also emphasized the importance of transformational leadership from school principals, developing the competencies of administrative staff, utilizing information technology in administrative systems, and strengthening strategic partnerships with the industrial and industrial sectors (DUDI). Therefore, it can be concluded that school administrative management is not merely a technical function, but rather a strategic component in building a vocational education ecosystem that is adaptive, relevant, and oriented to the needs of the workplace. This research recommends that school policymakers and local governments strengthen administrative governance systems to support educational quality and improve the job readiness of vocational high school graduates.

The objectives of this Community Service Program are: (1) To introduce the concept of ethnomathematics to students and classroom teachers at UPT SDN 1 Rantepao as a contextual learning approach rooted in local culture, particularly the traditions of the Toraja ethnic group; (2) To enhance students’ understanding and interest in mathematics through the integration of mathematical elements found in Torajan cultural motifs, artifacts, and symbols, such as symmetry, geometric shapes, patterns, and measurement; and (3) To support teachers in developing innovative and meaningful mathematics instruction by connecting mathematical content to real-life contexts that are relevant to students' daily experiences. The program was implemented in five stages: preliminary observation and survey, preparation, implementation, group discussion and reflection, and the final stage—evaluation. Based on the results of the program, the introduction of ethnomathematics based on Torajan local culture successfully contributed to improving students’ mathematical understanding and reinforcing the relevance of mathematics instruction within the local cultural context. The three-day implementation of the program was met with highly positive responses from all school stakeholders, including strong student enthusiasm, active teacher participation, and noticeable changes in instructional practices. Evaluation outcomes demonstrated a significant improvement in student understanding, as reflected by an increase in the average quiz score from 55 to 83. Moreover, the program contributed to social transformation within the school environment, including the formation of culturally based student learning groups, positive shifts in student learning behaviors, the emergence of local student leadership, and increased awareness among both students and teachers of the importance of integrating local cultural values into the learning process.