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Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by increased blood sugar levels due to insufficient insulin function. Patients with diabetes mellitus often experience other health problems such as obesity, heart disease and kidney disease which further exacerbate their health problems, especially if they are exposed to Covid 19 which can eventually lead to death. The need for information that strengthens and refreshes the knowledge possessed is urgently needed so that while living life during this pandemic, you can stay healthy. The method used in community service activities is carried out by counseling and discussion methods. This activity was carried out face-to-face, the total number of activity participants was 45 people, although initially it was targeted to be 100 people. The results of this activity, the people of Taeno Hamlet said that 80% felt very satisfied and 20% were satisfied with this counseling activity. These results were obtained through a questionnaire after this activity took place. This can be seen by the enthusiasm of the participants to ask about a healthy lifestyle. Patients with diabetes mellitus must have a healthy behavior and exercise diligently in order to maintain body stamina and follow the treatment that has been carried out so far. Counseling activities for patients with co-morbidities not only diabetes mellitus are urgently needed to provide information, strengthen understanding and provide updated information regarding how Covid 19 can affect patients, especially those with comorbidities.

Latar Belakang: Diabetes melitus ialah salah satu penyakit kronik yang memiliki karakteristik atas adanya peningkatan dari kadar glukosa darah yang secara nyata keadaan ini melebihi dari batas normal yang ada. Terlebih dari pada itu terdapat  metabolisme karbohidrat yang cenderung menjadi penyebab utama dari efek defek sekresi insulin yang ada. Untuk menurunkan kadar glukosa diperlukan kepatuhan tinggi oleh pasien. Tujuan: tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat kepatuhan minum OHO (obat hipoglikemik oral) dengan kadar glukosa dalam darah pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Metode: Implementasi pelaksanaan mengutamakan dari metode penelitian non eksperimental kuantitatif di mana menekankan kepada pendekatan deskriptif. Terlebih daripada itu instrumen dari pengumpulan data yang dilakukan ialah berupa kuesioner utamanya dengan implementasi dari MMAS-8, serta lembar observasi pelaksanaan pemeriksaan dari gula darah puasa (GDP). Hingga penentuan sampel yang telah diambil dalam pelaksanaan penelitian ini sejumlah 80 responden menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Terlebih daripada itu Pemilihan dari analisis yang nantinya akan diterapkan yaitu univariat dan bivariat utamanya melalui ujian spearman. Hasil: Ditemukan temuan yaitu 40 (50%) responden memiliki tingkat kepatuhan tinggi, 31 (38,75%) memiliki ranah tingkat kepatuhan yang sedang, serta pada 9 (11,25%) cenderung tingkat kepatuhan rendah. Dalam kesesuaian tersebut menunjukkan temuan yang nyata terdapat keterkaitan yang kuat yang tidak dapat dipisahkan atas hubungan dari tingkat kepatuhan pada kadar glukosa darah pada pasien DM tipe 2 dengan P value 0,000 (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: Dengan begitu pada pemahaman ini terdapat hubungan antara kepatuhan minum OHO (obat hipoglikemik oral) dengan kadar glukosa darah pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2

Periodontal disease is a complication that often occurs in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. This disease can worsen the patient's general health condition. This community service aims to increase awareness and knowledge about periodontal disease in DM patients at the Bara-Barayya Health Center. The methods used include counseling, dental and oral health checks, and distribution of educational leaflets. The results of the activity showed a significant increase in the knowledge and awareness of DM patients regarding the importance of maintaining oral health. It is hoped that this will help in the prevention and management of periodontal disease in DM patients.

Hypertension is a measurement of systolic blood pressure of more than 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg and the measurement is more than 2 times. The purpose of this literature review is to determine the relationship between elderly sleep quality and high blood pressure in hypertensive patients based on the literature review. Writing this journal uses a literature study approach from several search databases from pubmed and proquest with the last 5 years of publication (2017-2022). Keywords used are sleep quality, elderly, and hypertension. The literature study showed that from 10 journals studied, there was a relationship between sleep quality and hypertension from several factors, including sleep duration <6 hours, frequent awakenings at night, illnesses suffered and the elderly experienced nocturia. Where nocturia is someone who often urinates excessively at night. In conclusion, from 10 articles that show a significant relationship, it has been analyzed that sleep quality is related to hypertension, but poor sleep quality can be caused by several triggering factors including sleep duration > 6 hours, illnesses such as diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia, and sleep quality. in women aged > 60 years and over more often experience nocturia so that the quality of sleep decreases.

contributing to the global burden of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and other metabolic complications. This bibliometric study aims to analyze trends, thematic focuses, and collaborations in scientific publications related to insulin resistance in adult obesity, utilizing data from the Scopus database covering the period from 2019 to 2025. Bibliometric tools such as RStudio, Biblioshiny, and VoS Viewer were employed to extract and visualize findings from 8,037 publications. The results reveal that research activity peaked in 2021, followed by a decline in subsequent years. Dominant keywords, such as "insulin resistance," "obesity," and "metabolic syndrome," highlight the clinical and metabolic focus of current research. Biomolecular markers, such as "glycated hemoglobin" and the "triglyceride-glucose index," reflect a growing interest in more precise diagnostic tools. The United States, China, and Italy emerged as major contributors, with journals like Nutrients and Frontiers in Endocrinology leading in publications. Despite significant progress, there remains a considerable gap, particularly in exploring the role of epigenetics and the microbiota in insulin resistance. Additionally, cross-disciplinary collaboration and participation from institutions in developing countries remain limited. This study emphasizes the importance of global, interdisciplinary efforts to address these gaps and drive innovation in interventions, providing a foundation for future research aimed at reducing the impact of insulin resistance in adult obesity.

Geriatrics is a branch of gerontology that studies the level of health in the elderly from various aspects, including: promotive, preventive, curative and rehabilitative which includes physical, mental and social health. In principle, geriatrics strives for a happy and useful old age. Throughout the world today, the number of elderly people is estimated to be more than 629 million people, and in 2025 it is projected that the number of elderly people will reach 1.2 billion. Indonesia is a country that has a fairly high number of elderly people. In 2010 the number of elderly aged 65 years and over was 11 million, and it is projected that in 2020 the number of elderly will increase by 7.2%. Even the United States Census Bureau estimates that Indonesia will experience the largest increase in elderly citizens in the world in 2025, namely 414%. The increasing number of elderly will affect the welfare of the elderly (Ministry of Welfare of the Republic of Indonesia. 2012). The increase in the elderly population is of course accompanied by the risk of various degenerative diseases such as diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, osteoarthritis, neuromuscular disease and lung disease. Around 50-80% of elderly people aged more than 65 years will experience more than one chronic disease. This is related to the fact that the older you get, the more health problems you experience. One way to improve the quality of life for the elderly is to do physical exercise. Physical exercise can maintain or improve flexibility, cardiopulmonary endurance, agility, strength and balance. Several studies show that physical exercise has a consistent effect in reducing the risk of falls in healthy older adults. Kuptniratsaikul's research in 2009-2010 showed that simple balance exercises carried out by elderly people with a history of falls could reduce the incidence of falls in the elderly and significantly improve body balance. A 2017 Cuevas meta-analysis study showed that balance training programs showed the greatest effect in reducing the risk of falls in the elderly. For elderly people who are not yet able to do balance exercises independently, they need professional assistance.

According to The International Association for the Study of Pain, pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience accompanied by potential and actual tissue damage. Pain is a condition that is more than just a single sensation caused by certain stimuli, including post-operative pain. One way to reduce post-operative pain in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) gangrene is the music distraction technique which can produce endorphins to reduce pain. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of applying musical distraction techniques on post-op patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) gangrene during wound care at the Tanjungpinang City Regional Hospital. This research design is a pre-experimental design. The sample for this study was 30 respondents and analyzed using the Wilcoxon range test. The results show that there is a significant difference in influence between the pre-test and post-test after being given the musical distraction technique, so it can be concluded that there is an influence of applying the musical distraction technique on post-op gangrene diabetes mellitus (DM) patients during wound care at the Tanjungpinang City Hospital. Suggestions This research is one of the non-pharmacological therapy options for pain management. So it can be applied to post-op patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) gangrene during wound care.

Abstrak Indonesia is the sixth country with the highest number of Diabetes Mellitus sufferers in the world. One way to control blood sugar levels is to regulate a DM diet by consuming foods high in fiber and antioxidants. Snack bars are very suitable as a snack for DM sufferers. This research aims to obtain a formulation and determine the effect of adding corn flour on the antioxidant activity and dietary fiber of snack bars with the best substitutes for corn flour and spirulina flour. Research Method: This research is an experimental type of research using a completely randomized design (CRD) with independent variables in the form of a comparison of the composition of corn flour, namely F1 = corn flour 33.3% and spirulina flour 8.3%; F2= 50% corn flour and 8.3% spirulina flour and 8.3% spirulina flour; F3= 66.67% corn flour and 8.3% spirulina flour. The snack bar formulation uses wheat flour, corn flour, spirulina flour, eggs, margarine, Diabetasol powdered milk and Tropicana sugar. The steps in the procedure for making a snack bar are the preparation process, mixing process, forming or molding process, oven process, then letting it sit and serving. The analyzes used are organoleptic, antioxidant analysis, dietary fiber analysis, proximate analysis. The formulation that was acceptable to the panelists was the F3 formulation with the addition of 66.67% corn flour and 8.3% spirulina flour. The use of corn flour and the addition of spirulina flour in snack bars can increase the content of dietary fiber (9%) and antioxidants (36.16%). Comparison with the standard quality of snack bars for diets, F3 snack bars contain protein (7.89%), carbohydrates (50.38%), ash (1.2%), fat (15.20%), and energy (365 .35). The fat, carbohydrate, dietary fiber and mineral content meets the SNI 014216-1996 and USDA 5048 quality standards, while the protein content is still lacking.

Background: Knowledge about wound care in families and patients with diabetes mellitus foot wounds needs to be increased so that families can assist in the optimal wound healing process and patients can understand more about wound care. The need for education with booklets and audiovisual media for families of diabetes mellitus patients is to increase the effectiveness of family understanding in detecting signs of diabetes mellitus foot problems and appropriate treatment. The purpose of the case study is to illustrate the application of education using booklets and audiovisual media to increase family knowledge about the treatment of diabetic foot wounds in the Sekaran Health Center target area. This research method uses a case study with a descriptive approach. The results of the study regarding family knowledge about the treatment of diabetes mellitus foot wounds were obtained in subject I before receiving education a good level of knowledge with a score of 24, after receiving education a good level of knowledge with a score of 28, subject II before receiving education a moderate level of knowledge with a score of 19, after receiving education level of knowledge is good with a score of 26. Conclusion: health education is very important to increase family knowledge about the treatment of foot wounds with diabetes mellitus, carried out at the Sekaran Health Center.

The elderly are an age group that is prone to falls. The purpose of this service is to detect the risk of falls in the elderly and provide assistance in balance training as an effort to prevent the risk of falls in the elderly. Falls occur due to unintentional loss of balance resulting in failure of postural stability, or unexpected and sudden changes resulting in a position landing on the floor. Associated risk factors include current health status (living in the community, nursing home, hospital, frail or active state), diseases suffered (diabetes, hip fracture, stroke) and general changes related to aging (decreased balance, coordination, muscle strength, visual impairment, etc.). The output targets to be achieved are in the form of publications in accredited national journals and copyright for videos of community service activities. The method used is a fall risk detection examination using the Time Up and Go Test and continued with the provision of balance training, so that the elderly who have a risk of falling can be recognized as early as possible so that the provision of balance training can maintain and improve the balance of the elderly body.

Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder with multiple etiologies characterized by high sugar levels. Patients with chronic illnesses are very susceptible to depression. This can be overcome if the respondent has good enough resilience and self-efficacy so that he can manage self-care and regulate glycemic levels and strive for better health. The aim of the research is to determine the relationship between resilience, self-efficacy and depression with self-care management in patients with diabetes mellitus in the Besuki Community Health Center working area. This research design is cross sectional/analytic correlation. The study population included 38 Diabetes Mellitus patients with Gangrene. The sampling technique uses probability sampling, total sampling. The sampling used was 38 people. The instrument uses a questionnaire sheet. And multiple linear regression statistical tests. The research results showed that the average resilience was 70.02, self-efficacy was 71, mild depression was 17 respondents and the average self-care management score was 72. Resilience increased self-care management with a p value of 0.000 ≤ α 0.005. Self-efficacy increases self-care management with a p value of 0.000 ≤ α 0.005 with an average coefficient of . the results of multiple linear regression obtained a p value of 0.000 ≤ α 0.005. There is a relationship between self-efficacy, resilience and depression with self-care management in patients with diabetes mellitus in the Besuki Community Health Center working area with a p value of 0.000 ≤ α 0.005 with a coefficient value of 0.608 so, Self-efficacy influences self-care 6 times more than other variables. Self-efficacy, good resilience can reduce depression in chronic patients such as gangrene so that patients have adequate self-care management.

Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder that occurs chronically or chronically because the body does not have enough insulin hormone due to interference with insulin secretion, the insulin hormone does not work as it should or both (Hendry et al., 2023). The International Diabetes Mellitus Federation (IDF) organization estimates that at least 463 million people aged 20-79 years in the world suffered from diabetes mellitus in 2019 or equivalent to a prevalence rate of 9.3% of the total population of the same age. Based on gender, IDF estimates that the prevalence of diabetes in 2019 is 9% in women and 9.65% in men. (Indonesian Ministry of Health, 2020). Prevalence data from the Indonesian Ministry of Health in 2013-2018, there are 4 provinces with the highest prevalence, namely DKI Jakarta 3.4% East Kalimantan 3.1% In Yogyakarta 3.1%, North Sulawesi 3% and Central Java 2.1% ( Research and Development Agency, Republic of Indonesia Ministry of Health, 2019).

Hypertension is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases and is most common in society. Hypertension is now a major problem for all of us, not only in Indonesia but in the world, because hypertension is a risk factor for heart disease, kidney failure, diabetes and stroke (Indonesian Ministry of Health, 2019). Data from the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2018 shows that around 1.13 billion people in the world have hypertension, meaning that 1 in 3 people in the world are diagnosed with hypertension. The number of people with hypertension continues to increase every year, it is estimated that by 2025 there will be 1.5 billion people affected by hypertension and it is estimated that every year 10.44 million people die due to hypertension and its complications (Ministry of Health, 2019). Based on Riskesdas 2018, the prevalence of hypertension based on measurement results in the population aged 18 years was 34.1%, the highest in South Kalimantan (44.1%), while the lowest was in Papua (22.2%). Hypertension occurred in the age group 31-44 years (31.6%), age 45-54 years (45.3%), age 55-64 years (55.2%). From the prevalence of hypertension of 34.1%, it is known that 8.8% were diagnosed with hypertension and 13.3% of people diagnosed with hypertension did not take medication and 32.3% did not regularly take medication. This shows that the majority of hypertension sufferers do not know that they have hypertension and therefore do not receive treatment (Ministry of Health, 2019).

Diabetes mellitus is a serious problem in public health and one of the four priority non-communicable diseases that are of global concern (Dewi, 2022). The etiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus is insulin resistance, with higher than normal insulin concentrations required to maintain normoglycemia. When insulin production by pancreatic beta cells is inadequate to compensate for increased insulin resistance, blood glucose levels will increase. Secondly, pancreatic beta cell dysfunction occurs as a result of a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Lastly, environmental factors which also play an important role in the occurrence of DM are obesity, eating too much and lack of physical activity (Dewi, 2022). Diabetes mellitus was the direct cause of death for 1.6 million people in 2016. The latest data released by the International Diabetes Federation (FDA) shows that around 415 million people aged 20-79 years worldwide experienced diabetes mellitus in 2015. This figure is predicted will increase to 642 million people in 2040 with prevalence increasing from 8.8% to 10.4%. China, India and the United States are the three countries with the highest number of diabetes mellitus sufferers. According to the World Diabetes Foundation, from 2014 until now 382 million people in Indonesia suffer from diabetes mellitus. This number is predicted to increase to 592 million people in 2035 (Maria, 2021).

In the digital era and now it stimulates human life in the world to adopt new patterns such as eating patterns and so on. The current era of information technology and globalization has brought many changes to people's lives, including changes in lifestyle, especially diet. Consuming excessive amounts of fast food can cause various health problems, such as obesity (overweight), diabetes (diabetes), hypertension (high blood pressure), atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), coronary heart disease, appendicitis (appendicitis), stroke, cancer. , and others (Amalia et al., 2022). Appendicitis is a health problem that often occurs in Indonesia. Appendicitis requires surgical intervention, because it is an acute inflammation (Rahayu et al., 2021).

The world is facing a triple burden caused by various disease problems. These problems include the presence of New Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases such as Covid 19, Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) tend to increase every year and Infectious diseases that have not been resolved properly. This causes Indonesia to only focus on curative health efforts (Nina et al, 2018). Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) such as heart disease, stroke. cancer, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes are the main causes of death in the world (WHO, 2018). Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) or Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) are diseases that cannot be transmitted from person to person, whose development progresses slowly over a long period of time (chronic). Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs), also known as chronic diseases, tend to last a long time and are the result of a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental and behavioral factors (WHO, 2018).

Diabetes Mellitus, DM, refers to chronic metabolic problems indicated by hyperglycemia condition. This matter influences complications on the feet. Foot care education is a diabetic education to treat the feet excellently and correctly by providing audiovisual media. This research analyzed the influence of foot care education taught by audiovisual media toward the improvement of DM knowledge of DM patients. This quasi-experimental research used a control group design. The sampling technique was incidental sampling with 60 respondents. The Wilcoxon test result obtained a p-value of 0.0001 lower than 0.05. The result indicated the influence of foot care education with audiovisual media on the DM knowledge improvement of the patients. The researchers expect future researchers to apply foot care education with audiovisual media to prevent diabetic foot cases.

GDA (Blood sugar), or monosaccharide, is the body's main metabolic that produces energy in the form of ATP (Adenosia triphosphate). Exercise gives it enough energy to produce glucose into ATP (Adenosia triphosphate). This study used the elderly group as the research target. The purpose of this study is to identify how to reduce GDA (blood sugar) levels in the elderly in the Surabaya area and to educate elderly people to pay more attention to their blood sugar so that they can avoid blood sugar disease. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative method. The data collection and processing technique applied during the research was the deep interview technique. The research sample was taken from a total of 30 elderly people who were interviewed about blood sugar levels. It is known that the behavior of respondents in the knowledge of GDA (blood sugar) can be classified at a fairly good level. The results showed that out of 30 elderly people (100%) showed an increase in knowledge after the delivery of material which initially 10% increased to 90%. From the results of the discussion, it can be concluded that the implementation of sugar level education with its application is in accordance with the objectives. Researchers hope that the results of the study can be developed so that they are useful and feasible to use.

Background: The increase in the elderly population can have an impact on many health problems in the elderly, one of which is sleep quality problems. Prevelence in Indonesia the incidence of sleep problems at the age of 60 years and more there is a very high number of cases around 67%. Where sleep quality problems in the elderly can lead to type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. Non-pharmacological handling in overcoming sleep quality problems can be through progressive muscle relaxation therapy techniques. Progressive muscle relaxation therapy is able to increase feelings of comfort, and psychological relaxation by improving sleep quality in the elderly.Objective: Knowing the effect of progressive muscle relaxation therapy on sleep quality in the elderly at the Medang Kamolan posyandu, Banyuanyar Village, Surakarta City. Method: This study used the Quasi Experiment Design method with the One Group Pre-Test Post-Test Design design. The sampling technique used was non probability sampling technique with a sample size of 20 elderly people and using the Wilxocon test. Results: The results using the Wilxocon test p-value 0.000. Conclusion: There is an effect of progressive muscle relaxation therapy on sleep quality at Posyandu Medang Kamolan, Banyuanyar Village, Surakarta City

Diabetic ulcers are partial or total damage to the skin which can extend to the tissues under the skin, tendons, muscles, bones or joints that occur in someone who has diabetes mellitus. The symptoms of a diabetic wound, namely a person experiencing a change in the shape of the foot, decreased pain sensation, decreased function of the oil and sweat glands, are early signs of the appearance of a diabetic wound (Purnomo et al., 2020).