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Self-medication is the process of recognizing symptom complaints to obtaining medication and carrying out treatment independently. Diarrhea is a disease that causes feces to come out more than three times a day with a liquid consistency that can be accompanied by blood or mucus and the frequency is more frequent than normal. This research aims to determine the relationship between the level of maternal knowledge and self-medication for diarrhea in children in Sidakarya Village. The research method uses descriptive quantitative with a cross sectional study with accidental sampling technique. The number of respondents to this research was 35 people based on calculations using the Slovin formula. The research results showed that the level of self-medication knowledge for diarrhea was categorized as high at (91.4%) and self-medication for diarrhea was categorized as appropriate at (97.1%). Based on the chi-square test, the P-value was 0.001 and the calculated r value was 0.361, indicating that there was a relationship between the level of diarrhea self-medication knowledge and diarrhea self-medication actions.    

Background: The urgency of adolescent reproductive health problems that have not been resolved is cases of unwanted pregnancies (Dr.Fitriana, 2023). Based on a preliminary study conducted for approximately 1 week, it was found at the Paris 2 Community Health Center that pregnancy cases increased by as much as 29% of young women in Pontianak City experienced symptoms of blood deficiency or anemia. According to the Head of the Pontianak City Department of Health (Dinkes), Saptiko, suffering from anemia will have an impact on the pregnancy readiness of young women, after conducting a data survey, the highest number of teenagers experiencing anemia was at Muhammadiyah 1 High School, Pontianak City. Research Method: The research design is Pre-Experimental Design with One Group Pretest-Posttest Control group design. The research sample consists of 78 people who will be given video educational media. The instrument used in the research was a knowledge questionnaire about reproductive health. The sampling technique used was simple random sampling. Analysis uses t test with α ≤ 0.05. Research Results: The results of this research obtained an average knowledge before 70.39 and after 86.73. The results of increasing knowledge before and after are 16.34. The Wilcoxon test results obtained p value = 0.000 < 0.05. Conclusion: There is a difference in the provision of video-based educational media on the level of knowledge of adolescents regarding reproductive health at SMA Muhammadiyah Pontianak.

High exposure to sunlight in tropical areas such as Indonesia increases the risk of skin damage due to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Sunscreen functions to protect the skin from the bad effects of UV rays, and a good level of knowledge is expected to increase awareness of its use. Surf trainers, who are frequently exposed to sunlight, need proper knowledge and awareness to prevent these negative impacts. This research aims to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge and awareness of the use of sunscreen among surfing trainers at Kuta Beach. The research used an observational design with a cross-sectional approach. The sampling technique used the accidental sampling method with a total of 57 respondents. Data was collected using a questionnaire, and data analysis was carried out using the Spearman correlation test using SPSS version 25. The results showed that 96.49% of respondents had a good level of knowledge, while only 3.5% of respondents had awareness of the use of sunscreen, which was a very low percentage. The results of statistical analysis show that there is no significant relationship between the level of knowledge and awareness of the use of sunscreen with a significance value of 0.469 (p > 0.05).

Community Service through real work lectures is an activity to solve a problem that exists in the village. This study aims to provide education to students at school, one of which is about bullying and the impact of bullying in the school environment. This KKN activity was carried out in Mojosarirejo Village, Kemlagi District, Mojokerto Regency. Through KKN, students can apply the knowledge and skills they have acquired in college into real practice, thereby improving their abilities and experience. The methods used in this study use observation and interview methods. The results of this study show that children at elementary school level (SD) understand the impact of bullying which can affect the child’s psychological condition as well as their physical condition. And they do not repeat things related to bullying that can harm themselves and others.

This study aims to measure the effectiveness of nutrition counseling in improving community understanding of stunting prevention in Semalang Hamlet, Kaloran Village. The research method uses a qualitative approach, qualitative data obtained through in-depth interviews.  This qualitative research was conducted on 21 mothers and children in Semalang Hamlet. The results of the interviews showed a significant increase in participants' understanding of the importance of exclusive breastfeeding, complementary feeding, and sanitation. However, there are still obstacles in implementing infant feeding practices, especially in determining the right portion to meet children's nutritional needs. Factors such as limited knowledge about balanced nutrition and lack of access to nutritious food were the main barriers. This study concludes that nutrition counseling is a good first step, but needs to be combined with more comprehensive interventions, such as cooking demonstrations, home visits, and availability of nutritious food at the community level.

Obstetric emergencies are a major cause of maternal mortality, most of which can be prevented through prompt and appropriate treatment. Midwives, as health workers assigned to the Emergency Department (ED) of PONEK, play a strategic role in early detection and initial management of obstetric emergencies, thus their knowledge level is an important factor in determining preparedness for treatment. This study aims to analyze the relationship between midwives' knowledge level regarding obstetric emergency management and their preparedness for handling obstetric emergencies in the Emergency Department (ED) of PONEK of Muara Teweh Regional Hospital. This study used an observational analytical design with a cross-sectional approach. The study sample consisted of 28 midwives selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire to measure their knowledge level and preparedness for handling obstetric emergencies. Data analysis was performed descriptively and inferentially using the Fisher's Exact Test. The results showed that more than half of the midwives had a good level of knowledge and preparedness for handling obstetric emergencies. Inferential analysis showed a highly significant relationship between midwives' knowledge level and their preparedness for obstetric emergencies (p < 0.001). It was concluded that midwives' knowledge level was closely related to their preparedness for obstetric emergencies in the PONEK Emergency Department of Muara Teweh Regional Hospital. This finding underscores the importance of strengthening midwives' knowledge through ongoing training, clinical simulations, and routine supervision to improve clinical preparedness and ensure the safety of mothers and babies in emergency obstetric care.

Anemia in adolescent girls remains a significant public health problem in Indonesia, particularly in island regions with limited access to health information and services. One of the main factors contributing to the high incidence of anemia is the low level of knowledge and attitudes among adolescent girls regarding the importance of consuming iron (Fe) tablets. Nutrition education is seen as a promotive-preventive strategy that has the potential to improve the determinants of anemia prevention behavior. This study aims to analyze the effect of nutrition education on the knowledge and attitudes of adolescent girls regarding the importance of consuming iron tablets in community health centers in the Morotai Islands. This study used a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach. The study sample consisted of 30 adolescent girls selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire to measure knowledge and attitudes before and after the nutrition education intervention. Data analysis was conducted descriptively and inferentially using paired statistical tests appropriate to the data distribution. The results showed an increase in the level of knowledge and attitudes of adolescent girls towards consuming iron tablets after being provided with nutrition education. Statistical tests showed a statistically significant difference between the conditions before and after the intervention in both knowledge and attitude variables. In conclusion, nutrition education significantly impacts adolescent girls' knowledge and positive attitudes toward iron tablet consumption. Structured and sustainable integration of nutrition education into primary healthcare services, particularly in island regions, is crucial to support anemia prevention efforts from adolescence onward.

Background: Cervical cancer remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality among women, particularly in developing countries. Although early detection methods such as visual inspection with acetic acid (IVA) and Pap smear are effective, participation among women of reproductive age is still low. Identifying factors that influence women’s interest in cervical cancer screening is essential to strengthen prevention programs at the primary healthcare level. Method:  This study used a quantitative analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach. The research was conducted in the working area of UPT Puskesmas Rawat Inap Ome Tidore. Participants were women of reproductive age (15–49 years) selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire assessing socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, access to health information, family or husband support, and interest in early detection of cervical cancer. Data analysis included univariate and bivariate analysis using Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests. Results: The results showed that age, education level, knowledge, attitudes, access to health information, and family or husband support were significantly associated with women’s interest in early detection of cervical cancer. Women aged 25–49 years, those with higher education, good knowledge, positive attitudes, adequate access to information, and strong family support demonstrated higher interest in screening. Fear, embarrassment, lack of time, and misconceptions were identified as common barriers. Conclusion: Women’s interest in cervical cancer early detection is influenced by predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors. Strengthening health education, improving information access, and involving family support are key to increasing screening participation.

The limited knowledge of MSME entrepreneurs in Binjai Estate in managing their business finances affects the business continuity of MSMEs, causes errors in determining the amount of the cost of goods sold resulting in errors in determining the amount of the selling price, resulting in difficulty of increasing competitiveness which will affect the level of sales and profits of MSMEs. The purpose of these activities is to help MSME players increase their sales by providing simple financial management training and promoting their merchandise through social media and online shops so that later they can increase MSME sales. The methods used are observation, interview, and documentation methods. The results of this service activity are that Bandrek Jahe Merah and Gedebog Pisang MSMEs can already recognize the importance of business financial management and identify company assets to be separated from personal assets. However, further training is needed to assist businesses in making budgets and determining the cost of production and the cost of goods sold to determine the selling price of their products.

This community service activity is motivated by the low level of workers’ awareness and understanding of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) implementation in the printing and binding industry in Gedangan, Sidoarjo. The purpose of this program is to optimize OSH implementation through participatory education to improve workers’ knowledge and safe work behavior. The method used is a participatory approach involving problem identification, focus group discussions (FGD), interactive education, technical training, as well as mentoring and evaluation through pre-test and post-test. The results show a significant increase in workers’ understanding, with average scores rising from 56.25% to 83.75% (an increase of 27.5%). In addition, behavioral changes were observed, including improved compliance in using personal protective equipment (PPE) and the ability to identify workplace hazards. The program also resulted in the formation of OSH cadres as local change agents. Therefore, participatory education has proven effective in improving OSH implementation and fostering a sustainable safety culture.

Nutritional knowledge is knowledge about food and nutrients, sources of nutrients in food, food that is safe to consume so that it does not cause disease and how to process food properly so that the nutrients in food are not lost and how to live healthily. One of the factors that influences eating patterns is the level of nutritional knowledge. A person's level of nutritional knowledge influences eating behavior in choosing food which determines whether it is easy for a person to understand the benefits of the nutritional content of the food consumed. The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between nutritional knowledge and instant noodle eating patterns among Papuan students at Halu Oleo University. This research uses quantitative research and the type of research is observational analytics with a cross sectional design. The results showed that the majority of respondents had a poor level of nutritional knowledge (75%), while only 25% of respondents had high nutritional knowledge. This shows that even though students are in a higher education environment, their knowledge about nutrition still needs to be improved. Most respondents (52%) consume instant noodles 2-3 times a week, with the main reasons being ease of preparation (65%) and affordable price (20%). This consumption is more dominant among students who live in boarding houses or dormitories compared to those who live with their families. It is hoped that this research will be useful for subjects to balance their eating patterns and have self-control because the majority of subjects have uncontrolled eating patterns due to living in boarding houses or dormitories so that their body health continues to be maintained. Apart from that, subjects can also pay more attention to nutritional balance in consuming food in order to achieve optimal nutritional status.  

In the pre-operative period, patients feel afraid, anxious, nervous and insecure, afraid that their vision will not heal completely, afraid of unwanted complications. This feeling arises due to lack of knowledge or inadequate information and expected results after surgery. This study aims to determine the relationship between knowledge and anxiety in patients during pre-cataract surgery at Hospital B. Quantitative research with descriptive correlation design with a cross-sectional approach with a non-probably sampling technique, namely purposive sampling with a total of 41 respondents. Data collection through questionnaires, data were analyzed univariately with frequency distribution and bivariate correlation using the Spearman Rank correlation test. The majority of respondents with a good level of knowledge were 25 respondents (61%), most of whom had mild anxiety were 23 respondents (56.1%). From the results of the analysis with Spearman Rank correlation (rho) using the SPSS 24 for windows application, the results of the correlation coefficient between knowledge and anxiety in pre-operative patients were -0.448. This shows that there is a strong correlation between the relationship between knowledge and anxiety with a negative relationship direction, which means that the higher the patient's level of knowledge, the lower the patient's level of anxiety during pre-cataract surgery. With the result of p = 0.003, then p <0.05, this also shows that there is a relationship between knowledge and anxiety in patients during pre-surgery at Hospital B

Adolescence is marked by growth and development in various aspects, including physical, psychological, and intellectual. They tend to have a great sense of curiosity, like challenges, and dare to take risks. However, this also makes them vulnerable to various risks, both in the short and long term. Therefore, health services are needed that care about the needs of adolescents, especially in terms of reproductive health. This study aims to determine whether there is an Influence of Health Education About "the influence of health education about early marriage on the level of Knowledge and attitudes of adolescents at the Tinggi Raja Health Center. Tinggi Raja Village, Tinggi Raja District in 2023. The type of quasi-experimental research with a One Group Pretest-Posttest Design, the research sample amounted to 30 people, who were selected using a sampling technique with the Total Sampling Technique. Based on the results of statistical tests using the Wilcoxon test, the results of the p value of knowledge = 0.000 <0.05 and the p value of attitude = 0.000 <0.05. So it is proven that there is a significant influence between health education about early marriage on the level of knowledge and attitudes of adolescents at the Tinggi Raja Health Center. Tinggi Raja Village, Tinggi Raja District in 2023.

The implementation of Universal Precaution in hospitals is crucial to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases through blood and body fluids between patients and healthcare workers. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of health promotion using leaflets in improving nurses' knowledge and skills regarding Universal Precaution for HIV/AIDS at Tere Margareth General Hospital Medan. The study employed a quasi-experimental design with a *Pre-Test and Post-Test with Non-Equivalent Control-Group Design* approach. The study population consisted of 36 nurses, all of whom were included as the sample using a saturated sampling technique. Data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate methods with a paired *t-test* at a 95% confidence level (P<0.05). The results showed that health promotion through leaflets significantly improved knowledge (sig. 0.004) and skills (sig. 0.000) of nurses regarding Universal Precaution for HIV/AIDS. It is recommended that nurses continue to enhance the implementation of Universal Precaution in hospital settings to optimize infection prevention. Education through leaflets can be an effective method to improve the understanding and skills of healthcare professionals. 

Gout arthritis (gout) is a disease that occurs suddenly and repeatedly, characterized by the formation of monosodium uric acid crystal deposits that attack the joints, due to high levels of uric acid in the blood (hyperuricemia). The aim of this activity is to be able to understand gouty arthritis and the practice of making non-pharmacological drugs from pineapple juice and honey to reduce uric acid levels in the body. This health education can increase the knowledge of Purwodadi village residents to do their best to treat gout arthritis using traditional medicine. Health education for residents can increase knowledge and skills in using simple traditional medicines

Hypertension is a condition where blood pressure is abnormally high with systolic and diastolic numbers showing numbers higher than 140/90 mmHg. As a form of concern for public health, development and training for KWT members, cadres, and hypertension sufferers in RW 03, Cigadung Hamlet, Karyamukti Village were carried out. The community empowerment effort carried out is by planting and processing cucumbers and celery. The method used was participatory-based which involved health education through lectures, questions and answers, as well as filling out pre-test and post-test to measure the increase in knowledge. In addition, joint exercises designed to support a healthy lifestyle were conducted. The result of this community empowerment activity is the difference in knowledge level before and after the intervention with a p-value: 0.000 <0.05.

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have been the leading cause of death in Indonesia for the past 19 years. This is due to a change in a diet high in sugar, salt and fat (SSF). Adolescents are one of the groups of people who often consume high snacks (SSF). It is feared that this will cause NCDs in the future. The purpose of this activity is to provide education with the theme of SSF Intake Restrictions in the Selection of Adolescent Snacks which is expected to increase knowledge and awareness of the target of SSF intake and avoid the target of the risk of NCDs. Nutrition education is carried out offline using the lecture method, providing e-booklets, questions and answers, and implementing pre-test and post-test using google form. The educational participants were attended by 85 students from 35 North Jakarta State High School. The results of nutrition education have a positive impact on the target knowledge level which is characterized by an increase in post-test scores on each component of the question

Diabetes mellitus (DM) can cause serious complications, including impaired peripheral tissue perfusion that risks diabetic ulcers and amputation. The Self-Directed Learning (SDL) approach is an effective self-education strategy in improving the understanding and skills of DM patients in preventing these complications. This community service program aims to improve the understanding and skills of lower extremity care in DM patients through education and hands-on training. Activities include counseling, foot self-examination, and proper foot care practices. Evaluation results showed significant improvement in participants' understanding of diabetic ulcer prevention, awareness in maintaining blood sugar levels, and selection of appropriate footwear. In addition, skills in foot self-examination, proper nail trimming, and moisturizer application also improved. The SDL approach proved effective in increasing participants' engagement in the learning process, so they were more motivated to apply the knowledge gained in their daily lives. This program indicates that SDL-based education can be an effective strategy in improving the foot health of people with DM and preventing serious complications.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), good nutritional status during adolescence plays an important role in determining health and quality of life in adulthood. The prevalence of adolescents with poor nutritional status reaches 9.2%, while the prevalence of obesity in adolescents increases to 8.3%. This study aims to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge and adolescent diet patterns to improve nutritional status in Sintang Regency. Cross Sectional research design . The population is adolescents at the Al-Fatih Hisbah Boarding School, Sintang Regency, Kalimantan. Respondents numbered 39 people who were taken by Simple Random Sampling . The study was conducted in December 2024. The results of the study obtained a p value of 0.026 ≤ 0.05, meaning that there is a relationship between the level of knowledge and adolescent diet patterns at the Al-Fatih Hisbah Boarding School, Sintang Regency. Health workers are expected to increase educational activities for adolescents regarding healthy diets .  

Adult and adolescent women generally experience the gynecological condition of dysmenorrhea which causes discomfort during daily physical activities. Improper treatment of menstrual cramps can cause more serious problems, such as prolonged pain and even the development of new diseases due to side effects of the drugs used. The aim of this research is to determine the behavior of choosing drugs which is influenced by the level of knowledge about dysmenorrhea medication among young women in a junior high school in Bengkulu Province. This type of research uses descriptive quantitative with a cross sectional approach with variables of knowledge and self-medication behavior for dysmenorrhea. Data were collected using a purposive sampling technique with the Slovin formula for 60 samples from a population of 71 and a confidence level of 95%. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire which had previously been tested for validity and reliability. The results showed that in handling dysmenorrhea, 3.3% of teenagers did not take medication, 35% used chemical drugs, 61.6% used traditional drugs. The knowledge level measurement is 86% which is classified as good and the behavior level is classified as positive >15. It can be concluded that young women tend to choose traditional medicine as self-medication for treating dysmenorrhea.