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The Village Fund Direct Cash Assistance Program (BLT-DD) is a social protection instrument designed to help low-income families meet their basic needs. However, its implementation often faces challenges such as targeting inaccuracies, limited data, and varying administrative capacity at the village level. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of BLT-DD using William N. Dunn’s six policy evaluation criteria through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, covering effectiveness, efficiency, equity, responsiveness, conceptual alignment, and implementation. The findings indicate that BLT-DD is fairly effective in helping households maintain consumption, yet its effectiveness and adequacy remain constrained by the amount of assistance and the quality of data collection. Program efficiency and responsiveness are relatively good in villages with sufficient governance capacity, while equity emerges as the weakest aspect due to inaccurate data verification. Conceptually, BLT-DD aligns with the needs of low-income communities, but implementation accuracy still requires reinforcement. Furthermore, the study highlights the need for more systematic monitoring mechanisms, cross-sectoral data integration, and administrative training for village officials to enhance service quality. Overall, BLT-DD provides valuable support but requires improvements in governance and data systems to optimize outcomes, including regular evaluation strategies and refinement of supporting regulations.

The digital transformation driven by the acceleration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has fundamentally transformed leadership paradigms and the structure of the modern workplace. This study aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the various strategic opportunities and systemic risks arising from the integration of AI into contemporary organizational leadership practices, where technology is no longer merely a tool but a collaborative partner in managerial processes. Using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method on 30 reputable scientific journals with publications spanning up to 2026, this article analyzes the transition of the leader’s role from a conventional hierarchical model toward the concept of Augmented Leadership. Data analysis results indicate that AI implementation offers significant opportunities through data-driven decision-making systems with high precision, intelligent resource allocation optimization, and enhanced leadership intervention effectiveness, which has been documented to reach up to 35%. However, this transformation also brings a series of complex multidimensional risks, including algorithmic biases that could trigger inequality cascades, ethical dilemmas related to operational transparency (black box), and the potential erosion of the meaning of work for employees. The discussion in this article emphasizes that the success of this transformation depends not only on technical expertise, but also on redefining leadership competencies to prioritize emotional intelligence and ethical governance frameworks such as the CARE Framework (Control, Awareness, Responsibility, and Evaluation).

Chronic kidney disease is a progressive decline in kidney function that leads to fluid and electrolyte imbalance, requiring fluid restriction which often causes thirst and may result in ineffective peripheral perfusion. One non-pharmacological nursing intervention that can be applied is the ice cube sucking technique as part of fluid management. This study aimed to analyze the implementation of education the ice cube sucking technique in improving fluid management and peripheral perfusion in elderly patients with chronic kidney disease. The study used a descriptive case study design with a nursing process approach conducted over three sessions in an elderly patient with chronic kidney disease. The intervention was delivered in three sessions, each lasting approximately 15–20 minutes. The results showed a reduction in thirst complaints, improvement in peripheral perfusion indicated by capillary refill time of less than 2 seconds and warm extremities, as well as increased patient and family ability in managing fluid intake. In conclusion, the ice cube sucking technique are effective nursing interventions in fluid management and improving peripheral perfusion in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Islamic education emphasizes the formation of disciplined character, which can be developed through habituation from an early age. This study aims to describe the process of forming students’ disciplined character through daily worship habituation at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Guppi Pagerlor 2. The school was selected due to its relatively small number of students and its structured and intensive worship programs. This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The findings indicate that the consistent and routine practice of daily worship contributes to the development of students’ discipline, particularly in terms of punctuality, compliance with rules, and responsibility. A structured guidance system, the role of teachers as educators, and the implementation of rewards and educational sanctions were identified as the main supporting factors. However, limitations in facilities and lack of family support remain challenges. Therefore, daily worship habituation plays a significant role in fostering students’ disciplined character and strengthening character education in the madrasah.

Environmental cleanliness is an important aspect in supporting the quality of life of the community, one of which is influenced by the availability of adequate waste management facilities. The problem faced by the community in Lewolaga Village, East Flores Regency is the limited waste disposal facilities so that the habit of littering still often occurs. This activity aims to provide trash bins and increase public awareness in maintaining environmental cleanliness. The implementation method includes the stages of observation, planning, implementation, socialization and handover. The activity took place in April 2026 with the local community. The results of the activity show that the presence of trash bins makes it easier for the community to manage waste and contributes to improving environmental cleanliness. In addition, counseling regarding the sorting of organic and non-organic waste can increase understanding and shape community behavior to be more orderly in disposing of waste. Overall, this program has a positive impact in creating a clean and healthy environment.

In the digital era, e-commerce has developed not only as a platform for buying and selling activities but also as a strategic medium for marketing and business development. University students theoretically possess strong potential to become edupreneurs because they are closely connected to technology and supported by higher education environments. Nevertheless, the reality at Al-Amien Prenduan University indicates that students tend to act more as consumers in e-commerce rather than as entrepreneurs. This condition creates a gap between theoretical expectations and practical implementation, raising questions regarding the effectiveness of e-commerce in encouraging students’ entrepreneurial spirit. This study examines strategies for strengthening Edupreneurship graduates through the optimization of e-commerce. The research specifically explores ways to maximize e-commerce in supporting the development of Edupreneurship graduate profiles and improving graduates’ competitiveness in entrepreneurship and employment sectors. A qualitative approach with a case study method was employed at Al-Amien Prenduan University. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation involving female students of the Islamic Education Edupreneurship program who actively engage in entrepreneurial activities through e-commerce platforms. The findings reveal that optimizing e-commerce can be achieved through identifying students’ digital competencies and needs, as well as utilizing flexible technologies that support broader market access and global transactions. In addition, strategies such as enhancing digital marketing creativity, strengthening market research capabilities, and understanding consumer behavior significantly contribute to entrepreneurial development. The study concludes that e-commerce effectively fosters entrepreneurial attitudes, adaptability, and competitiveness among students in facing the challenges of the digital economy.

The management of medicines and Medical Consumables (MCs) plays a crucial role in improving the quality of pharmaceutical services in hospitals. Common problems include stock imbalances, such as shortages and overstocking, which negatively affect service efficiency, increase operational costs, and raise the risk of product expiration. These issues are often caused by inadequate planning that is not based on consumption data, as well as limited knowledge of pharmacy personnel in applying appropriate inventory control methods.This community service activity aimed to improve the knowledge and skills of pharmacy staff in managing inventory using fast moving and slow moving methods based on real hospital data. The implementation method consisted of education, training, and hands-on mentoring conducted in several stages. The activity began with the analysis of medicine and medical consumables usage data from January to December 2025 at Labuang Baji Regional General Hospital, followed by training on pharmaceutical logistics management, and continued with practical exercises on classification and inventory control. Evaluation was carried out through discussions, case studies, and observation of participants’ ability to apply the methods.The results showed that 50.7% of medicines and 52.4% of medical consumables were categorized as fast moving, while the remaining items were classified as slow moving. After the intervention, there was a significant improvement in participants’ understanding of inventory classification, stock turnover analysis, and data-based planning. Participants were also able to identify items at risk of stock-outs and overstocking, enabling more appropriate control measures.This activity had a positive impact on the efficiency of pharmaceutical inventory management, reduced the risk of stock-outs and overstocking, and supported the improvement of healthcare service quality. Therefore, the fast moving and slow moving methods can be considered effective and applicable approaches for data-driven pharmaceutical inventory management in hospital settings

The postpartum period is a vulnerable phase often accompanied by lactation problems, particularly ineffective breastfeeding and discomfort due to breast engorgement. These conditions may reduce maternal comfort, inhibit the let-down reflex, and increase the risk of failure in exclusive breastfeeding. Therefore, safe, practical, and comprehensive non-pharmacological nursing interventions are needed. This Final Nursing Project aims to describe the implementation of cabbage leaf compresses combined with breastfeeding education to improve maternal comfort and enhance breast milk flow in postpartum mothers. This study employed a case study method using a nursing care approach involving two postpartum mothers who experienced ineffective breastfeeding and discomfort due to breast engorgement. The interventions were provided for three days and included cabbage leaf compresses and education on breastfeeding techniques. Evaluation focused on breastfeeding ability, pain level, breast condition, maternal comfort, and milk production. The results showed improvement in breastfeeding ability, indicated by the mothers’ ability to correctly demonstrate proper positioning and latch-on techniques. Infants appeared calmer during feeding, and the duration of breastfeeding increased to approximately 10 minutes per breast. Pain scores decreased from 5 to 0–3, breast tension was reduced, and maternal comfort improved. It can be concluded that the application of cabbage leaf compresses combined with breastfeeding education is effective in improving breast milk flow and maternal comfort in postpartum mothers and can be recommended as an independent nursing intervention in maternity practice.

Bureaucratic rigidity is a form of public administration pathology that remains a serious problem in Indonesian governance. The bureaucracy's rigid, hierarchical nature, slow decision-making, and resistance to change are major obstacles to the government's digital transformation process. Amidst the demands of the digital era, which prioritizes speed, transparency, and efficiency, an unadaptive bureaucracy actually slows down innovation in public services and erodes public trust in the government. This study aims to analyze bureaucratic rigidity as a disease in public administration and its impact on the implementation of digital transformation in Indonesia. The method used is a qualitative approach with a literature review. The results indicate that bureaucratic rigidity is caused by a conservative organizational culture, complicated regulations, and low human resource capacity to adapt to technology. Furthermore, a lack of system integration and weak transformational leadership exacerbate these conditions. Digital transformation is not merely a technological issue, but a paradigm shift in governance. Therefore, comprehensive bureaucratic reform is needed, including simplifying procedures, strengthening the digital competency of civil servants, and shifting the work culture to be more flexible and innovative. Thus, an adaptive and responsive bureaucracy can be realized as the foundation of an effective digital government that is oriented towards public services.

This study aims to design and develop a web-based sales information system for a goat farming business at Herman Farm using the Rapid Application Development (RAD) method. The identified problems include manual transaction recording, stock management, and sales reporting processes, which are inefficient, prone to errors, and unable to provide real-time data access. The RAD method is selected due to its ability to accelerate system development through an iterative approach and active user involvement in each stage, including requirements planning, system design, construction, and implementation. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and literature studies. The developed system provides features for managing goat data, sales transactions, customer management, and integrated sales reporting within a web-based platform. The results show that the system improves efficiency in data management and transaction processes, while producing more accurate, structured, and accessible reports. Therefore, this system can assist Herman Farm in optimizing its sales operations and expanding its online marketing reach.

Parking tax collection as part of Specific Goods and Services Tax (PBJT) is an important source for increasing Local Own-Source Revenue (PAD). This policy is based on Law Number 1 of 2022 concerning Financial Relations between the Central Government and Regional Governments and is implemented through Regional Regulation of Bandar Lampung City Number 1 of 2024. This study aims to examine the implementation of parking tax collection as PBJT as well as the supporting and inhibiting factors in its execution. The research employs normative juridical and empirical juridical approaches with a descriptive qualitative method. Data were collected through documentation studies and interviews with the Regional Revenue Management Agency (BPPRD) of Bandar Lampung City as the implementing institution. The results show that the implementation of PBJT on parking services in Bandar Lampung City uses a self-assessment system, where parking operators calculate, collect, report, and remit taxes independently through e-SPTPD and SIMANTAP managed by BPPRD. Supporting factors include clear regulations, the utilization of information technology, growth in the parking sector, and inter-agency support. Meanwhile, inhibiting factors include suboptimal taxpayer compliance, limited human resources within BPPRD, technical issues in the reporting system, and fluctuations in revenue due to seasonal factors. Overall, the implementation of PBJT on parking services has been effective but still requires improved supervision to optimize regional tax revenue.

dishonorable Discharge (PTDH) is the most severe administrative sanction for Civil Servants (PNS) proven to have committed corruption. This study aims to analyze the implementation of PTDH for corrupt civil servants and identify the obstacles in its execution. Using a normative legal research method with statutory, conceptual, and case study approaches, this study examines the effectiveness of PTDH through Lawrence M. Friedman's Legal System Theory, which includes legal substance, legal structure, and legal culture. The results show that, in terms of substance, the PTDH norm is strictly regulated in Government Regulation Number 17 of 2020. However, its implementation faces juridical, administrative, institutional, and socio-political obstacles, as reflected in the case of the delayed execution of PTDH for five civil servants in Mukomuko Regency. This phenomenon proves the existence of a gap between law in the books and law in action. Friedman's perspective explains that the failure of PTDH is caused by weaknesses in the legal structure (apparatus/executing institutions) and legal culture (integrity/ethics of the apparatus). This study concludes that the effectiveness of PTDH can only be achieved through synergy between firm legal substance, professional legal structure, and a legal culture that upholds the integrity of state apparatus.

The implementation of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) is a crucial aspect in construction projects to minimize workplace accidents and improve labor productivity. This internship report aims to evaluate the implementation of the OSH system at PT. X on the RSPTN Universitas X Project. The methods used include field observations, interviews with related personnel, and documentation review. The results indicate that OSH implementation has been carried out through the provision of personal protective equipment (PPE), safety induction programs, installation of safety signs, and routine supervision. However, several violations in PPE usage were still observed. Consistent and continuous OSH implementation is necessary to achieve the zero accident target in the project environment.

The oil and gas industry requires efficient initial processing to separate reservoir fluids into oil, gas, and water phases. The Separator Unit is the main facility that plays a vital role in the surface facility production stage. This study aims to evaluate the type of separator used, identify control components, and understand the working principles and operational procedures of separators in the Main Production Facility (MPF) area. The methodology used is direct observation and literature studies during the implementation of practical work in July 2024 at PT. Citic Seram Energy Limited, Seram Non Bula Block, Maluku. The observation results show that the type of separator used is a Horizontal Three Phase Separator with tag codes 03-V-001A and 03-V-001B operating alternately. The separation process is carried out based on differences in fluid density utilizing gravity, supported by internal components such as deflector plates, mist extractors, weirs, and straightening vanes. Separator operation is maintained at an operating pressure of around 55 psig to ensure optimal separation efficiency and work safety. The conclusion of this study indicates that effective separator operation requires stable pressure and temperature control as well as routine maintenance to prevent sediment buildup and maintain product quality.

Public facilities play an important role in supporting community activities, especially in sports and social interaction. However, inadequate maintenance can reduce their functionality and user comfort. This study aims to improve the function of public facilities through the revitalization of a badminton court area at the Technical Implementation Unit for Road and Bridge Management in Surabaya, making it more feasible, safe, and comfortable for use. The study employs a quantitative descriptive approach combined with Participatory Action Research (PAR), with data collected through direct observation of facility conditions before and after revitalization. The results show a significant improvement in the quality of infrastructure, both in physical condition and environmental comfort. The revitalized court supports better sports activities and increases user participation. These findings indicate that revitalization not only enhances facility quality but also promotes greater utilization, improved social interaction, and a more productive environment, demonstrating its effectiveness in optimizing public facility functions.

The Free Nutritious Meal Program (MBG) is one of the government’s strategic policies aimed at improving students’ nutritional status and learning quality, particularly at the junior high school level. Early adolescence, aged 13–15 years, is a critical growth period that requires optimal nutritional intake, while national surveys still indicate deficiencies in energy and protein intake among this age group. This study aims to describe the implementation of the MBG Program and the level of student satisfaction as direct beneficiaries. The research employed a quantitative descriptive design conducted over one month in the working area of SPPG Yayasan Bina Bangsa Semarang, Gunungpati, Semarang City. The sample consisted of 101 junior high school students selected using purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected through structured questionnaires covering program implementation and student satisfaction aspects. The findings revealed that most students assessed the program implementation as high to very high. Student satisfaction was also categorized as high, particularly regarding food quality, portion adequacy, cleanliness, safety, and service. The MBG Program was considered effective in improving learning concentration, reducing unhealthy snacking habits, and encouraging healthy eating patterns. This study concludes that the MBG Program has been implemented effectively and is relevant in supporting sustainable improvements in students’ nutritional status and educational quality.

The Free Nutritious Meal Program (MBG) is one of the government’s strategic policies aimed at improving students’ nutritional status and learning quality, particularly at the junior high school level. Early adolescence, aged 13–15 years, is a critical growth period that requires optimal nutritional intake, while national surveys still indicate deficiencies in energy and protein intake among this age group. This study aims to describe the implementation of the MBG Program and the level of student satisfaction as direct beneficiaries. The research employed a quantitative descriptive design conducted over one month in the working area of SPPG Yayasan Bina Bangsa Semarang, Gunungpati, Semarang City. The sample consisted of 101 junior high school students selected using purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected through structured questionnaires covering program implementation and student satisfaction aspects. The findings revealed that most students assessed the program implementation as high to very high. Student satisfaction was also categorized as high, particularly regarding food quality, portion adequacy, cleanliness, safety, and service. The MBG Program was considered effective in improving learning concentration, reducing unhealthy snacking habits, and encouraging healthy eating patterns. This study concludes that the MBG Program has been implemented effectively and is relevant in supporting sustainable improvements in students’ nutritional status and educational quality.

The advancement of digital technology has significantly transformed organizational decision-making, particularly in modern leadership contexts that demand rapid and data-driven responses. Artificial Intelligence(AI) has emerged as a strategic technology capable of enhancing accuracy, speed, and effectiveness in decision-making through comprehensive data analysis. This study aims to analyze the role of AI in supporting leadership decision-making and its implications for organizational effectiveness using a narrative literature review approach. Secondary data comprising peer-reviewed national and international journal articles were analyzed to identify patterns, themes, and interactions between AI, leadership, and decision-making processes. The findings indicate that AI functions not only as a data analysis tool but also as a strategic element that strengthens leaders’ capabilities in evidence-based decision-making, improves team coordination, and optimizes organizational processes. Thematic synthesis identified three main domains analytics and predictive capabilities, leadership strategies, and implementation challenges that form the basis for integrating AI into managerial practice. This study contributes theoretically by expanding the digital leadership and technology-based decision-making framework and practically by providing guidance for organizations to optimize AI utilization to enhance decision quality and efficiency. The research also offers directions for future empirical studies to explore AI-leadership interactions across various organizational sectors, supporting more adaptive, effective, and data-driven decision-making in the digital era.

This community service activity aimed to strengthen the branding and improve the digital marketing capacity of the Tape Ketan MSME in Mondoteko Village through the utilization of social media and packaging innovation. The business partner faced several major problems, including weak business visual identity, limited use of social media as a promotional tool, and simple product packaging designs that were less attractive to consumers. These conditions resulted in low product appeal and limited marketing reach. The implementation method used a participatory approach through direct assistance to business owners. The activity stages included initial observation, identification of partner needs, design of promotional banners, creation and optimization of social media accounts, and redesign of product packaging to make it more modern, informative, and marketable. In addition, MSME owners were educated about the importance of branding, digital marketing strategies, and consistency in building a business image. The results showed an increase in the understanding and skills of MSME owners in utilizing digital media for promotion. Product packaging became more attractive and professional, while the use of social media became more active and organized. These improvements had a positive impact on increasing consumer interest, expanding market reach, and enhancing the competitiveness of MSMEs in a sustainable manner.

Access to justice is a constitutional right that is often difficult for vulnerable groups to access, thus triggering legal disparities and systemic injustice. This study aims to analyze the urgency of legal assistance by advocates and Legal Aid Institutions (LBH) as a protection instrument for individuals facing legal arbitrariness. Using normative legal research methods supported by a statute approach, this study evaluates the effectiveness of the implementation of the Legal Aid Law in Indonesia. The results show that legal assistance functions not only as technical representation in court, but also as a balancing power relationship between the state or powerful entities and citizens. Legal assistance plays a vital role in mitigating violations of legal procedures (due process of law) often experienced by victims of injustice. However, structural obstacles such as limited state budgets and low public legal literacy remain major obstacles. This study concludes that strengthening the free legal aid scheme (pro bono publico) integrated with strict judicial oversight is essential to ensure that justice belongs not only to those with financial resources, but also to all citizens without exception.