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Batu Basurek is one of the cultural tourist attractions in Tanah Datar Regency that has high historical value. As a tourist destination, Batu Basurek attracts both domestic and international tourists to learn more about the culture and historical heritage. However, the facilities at this location still do not meet the standards that should be possessed by a cultural tourist attraction. This research aims to analyze the level of importance and performance of tourist facilities in Batu Basurek.This research uses a quantitative descriptive method with a survey approach, where a questionnaire is used as a data collection tool. The analysis technique applied is Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) to measure the gap between the level of importance and the performance of tourist facilities. This research was conducted from January 14 to 20, 2025, with a total sample of 131 respondents.The research results show a gap between visitor expectations and the actual condition of the tourist facilities. The Total Suitability Index (TSI) of 152% indicates that the performance of the tourist facilities still needs improvement. Some attributes that require primary attention are hotels (69%) and prayer rooms, toilets, and trash bins (66%), as despite being considered important by visitors, their performance is still inadequate. Meanwhile, the friendliness of the community (73%) and restaurants (68%) show quite good performance and need to be maintained. Tourist attractions (62%) and souvenir shops (63%) provide quite high satisfaction levels, even though their importance levels are relatively lower. As for attributes like travel agents (61%) and information centers (61%), they are not the main priorities for improvement.

This community service through the Community Service Program (KKN) aims to document the history, culture, and tourism potential of Blondo Village, Mungkid District, Magelang Regency, in the form of a book entitled The Story of Blondo. Blondo Village has diverse tourism potential, including natural, religious, and culinary tourism that can be developed to improve the welfare of the community. This program uses descriptive qualitative methods with data collection techniques through field observations, interviews with community leaders, and documentation from various sources. The resulting book consists of 52 pages that discuss the origin of the village, socio-cultural development, and tourism recommendations. The results of this program show that The Story of Blondo book can be an educational medium for the community, especially the younger generation, to better understand the history and culture of their village. In addition, this book acts as an effective tourism promotion tool for local and foreign visitors. The main advantage of this book lies in the concise, systematic presentation of information, and is complemented by documentary images to strengthen the historical narrative. However, the limited coverage of the historical period covered is one of the weaknesses that could be improved through further editions or periodic updates.

The ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict has become one of the most complex issues in global geopolitics, with far-reaching impacts on world security, economy and stability. This research aims to analyze the root causes of conflict, resolution efforts that have been made, as well as the effectiveness of conflict management based on historical and academic approaches. This research uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach to explore information from various credible sources. The research results show that this conflict was triggered by the long history of relations between the two countries, especially since the collapse of the Soviet Union, followed by the annexation of Crimea in 2014 and military invasion in 2022. Even though various diplomatic efforts and economic sanctions have been implemented, tensions still continue due to the incompatibility of geopolitical interests between Russia and Western countries. This study highlights the need for a multilateral approach based on international mediation to create sustainable peace. It is hoped that this article can contribute to academic understanding regarding international conflicts and strategies for resolving them.

The proliferation of network information algorithms (NIAs) in contemporary society has sparked significant ethical concerns regarding their societal impact. This study investigates the influence of NIAs on social interactions, decision-making processes, and the perpetuation of structural biases through a multidisciplinary perspective (Ananny, 2023). The findings reveal that while NIAs enhance operational efficiency across various domains, they also introduce ethical challenges, including privacy infringements, systemic inequities, and algorithmic opacity, which threaten social justice. Employing Ananny’s (2023) conceptual framework—which categorizes NIAs into three dimensions: encounters, observation, and probability/temporality—this research deconstructs the operational mechanisms of these algorithms. The analysis demonstrates that NIAs not only replicate historical biases but also engender new forms of discrimination through ostensibly neutral predictive processes. For example, algorithm-driven recruitment systems may perpetuate gender disparities if their training data reflects prior discriminatory practices (Crawford, 2021). This study underscores the inextricable link between technological ethics and societal context, arguing that an overreliance on algorithmic systems risks undermining human autonomy (Zuboff, 2019). The originality of this research lies in its integration of computational ethics theory with empirical case studies, such as the deployment of NIAs in mass surveillance, where privacy is often compromised in pursuit of perceived security. To ensure academic rigor, the arguments are developed through a critical comparison with prior research (e.g., Mittelstadt et al., 2016), while avoiding redundancy in phrasing or structure. Scholars such as Floridi (2019) emphasize the necessity of algorithmic transparency in regulatory frameworks. However, critics like Noble (2018) argue that technical solutions alone are inadequate; structural reforms in data governance and corporate accountability are essential to mitigate the misuse of NIAs. In response, this study proposes an ethical framework that not only addresses technical risk mitigation but also incorporates civic participation in algorithmic decision-making processes. The ethical implications of NIAs necessitate a holistic approach that integrates principles of data justice, independent algorithmic auditing, and public digital literacy. Future research should explore inclusive models of algorithmic governance, particularly in developing nations where regulatory frameworks often lag behind technological advancements. This study concludes with a reflective inquiry: How can algorithmic accountability be ensured if developers lack transparency regarding data sources and programming logic? By addressing these questions, this research contributes to the ongoing discourse on the ethical governance of NIAs and their societal implications.

This article proposes to review the handling of corruption cases in terms of juridical and morality in Indonesia. This study is a normative legal study with descriptive analysis. This study uses a philosophical approach and a conceptual approach to determine the efforts made by the government to overcome corruption in Indonesia from the juridical and moral aspects of the Indonesian people based on the Pancasila Ideology. Efforts to eradicate corruption have not been able to be overcome optimally because they are spread sporadically in Indonesia. Obstacles are occurring structurally, culturally, instrumentally and management. Prevention and eradication of corruption must be emphasized as the moral responsibility of the Indonesian people. Because it will be one of the biggest threats to the existence of the Indonesian nation. Prevention of corruption must be carried out systematically by strengthening regulations and conducting international cooperation on the issue of corruption as a crime against Human Rights throughout the world, especially in Indonesia. That aspect of law enforcement in eradicating criminal acts of corruption requires the role of all parties involved in achieving the target of eradicating corruption that is rampant in Indonesia, there are four factors causing corruption; political and legal factors, historical factors, social factors and cultural factors, and economic factors. Concrete solutions in eradicating corruption are needed by Indonesia to redesign public services, strengthen transparency, supervision and sanctions against government activities related to the economy and human resources, increase the empowerment of supporting instruments in preventing corruption and to ensure that law enforcement is free from corruption. The strategy to eradicate corruption must be built with the will of all parties who want to eradicate corruption itself, by not giving the slightest tolerance in the act of corruption itself. In realizing an effort to eradicate corruption itself, it requires determination in meeting the prerequisites in terms of existence driven by political ability and will and a strong commitment from all parties, transparent and accountable in its implementation, available and balanced resources and capacity.

This study examines the perception and representation of women in Arab culture through a systematic literature review. Using postcolonial feminist theory, intersectionality, and media representation theory, this research analyzes how Arab women are portrayed in global and local media, as well as the historical evolution of their roles in society. Through qualitative analysis of academic literature, media content, and cultural documents from 1990-2023, the study reveals complex dynamics in how Arab women are perceived and represented. The findings highlight significant gaps between media representation and reality, the impact of modernization on gender roles, and the emergence of new paradigms in understanding Arab women's identities. The research contributes to a more nuanced understanding of Arab women's experiences while highlighting the importance of contextual and intersectional approaches in gender studies. The implications of this study suggest the need for more balanced representation and policy development that supports Arab women's empowerment while respecting cultural values.

This study examines the perception and representation of women in Arab culture through a systematic literature review. Using postcolonial feminist theory, intersectionality, and media representation theory, this research analyzes how Arab women are portrayed in global and local media, as well as the historical evolution of their roles in society. Through qualitative analysis of academic literature, media content, and cultural documents from 1990-2023, the study reveals complex dynamics in how Arab women are perceived and represented. The findings highlight significant gaps between media representation and reality, the impact of modernization on gender roles, and the emergence of new paradigms in understanding Arab women's identities. The research contributes to a more nuanced understanding of Arab women's experiences while highlighting the importance of contextual and intersectional approaches in gender studies. The implications of this study suggest the need for more balanced representation and policy development that supports Arab women's empowerment while respecting cultural values.

Islamic law has a close relationship with the evolving social dynamics within Muslim societies. Social, cultural, and political changes demand flexibility in the application of Islamic law to remain relevant. This study employs a historical approach and descriptive analysis, focusing on two major phases in Islamic history: the Khulafaur Rasyidin phase and the Mulkan Jabariyyah phase. Data were collected through literature reviews of various primary and secondary sources. The findings indicate that Islamic law can adapt to social changes through the mechanisms of ijtihad and tajdid. However, its application must consider social, cultural, and historical contexts to avoid misinterpretation. Islamic law is not a static entity but a dynamic and responsive system that evolves with societal changes. With the right contextual approach, Islamic law can remain relevant in modern Muslim societies.  

This study explores the concepts of the visible and invisible Church using a qualitative approach with theological and historical methods. The invisible Church is understood as the true spiritual fellowship of all believers, known only to God, while the visible Church refers to the tangible institution that includes buildings, congregations, organizational structure, and leadership. Throughout Christian history, perspectives on the nature of the Church have varied—some emphasize its spiritual and universal aspects, while others focus on its organizational and institutional dimensions. Through the analysis of biblical passages such as Ephesians 1:22–23 and Colossians 1:18, along with theological insights and historical development, this study finds that a proper understanding of the Church must encompass both dimensions. Misinterpretation between these two concepts can lead to a limited understanding of the Church. The study affirms that the Church is not confined to formal institutions but is also the body of Christ comprising all true believers worldwide. By understanding the balance between the visible and invisible Church, Christians are encouraged to live in unity, strengthen their faith, and take an active and responsible role within church life. This understanding offers a broader perspective for living a more holistic and impactful faith life.

This study aims to analyze the mission methodology applied by Joseph Kam in evangelizing Maluku in the 19th century. Using a practical historical approach, this study explores the strategies used by Joseph Kam, such as home visits, health services, education, and Bible translation, and how these methods were adapted to the local cultural context. This research method involves literature studies and analysis of relevant historical sources to describe the social and religious context at that time. The main findings of this study indicate that Joseph Kam's mission methodology is highly contextual and effective in reaching the Maluku community, and has had a long-term impact on the development of the church in the region. This study also highlights the relevance of Joseph Kam's methods for contemporary evangelism, especially in terms of a sensitive approach to local culture.

This study aims to optimize the architecture of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) for rainfall prediction using meteorological data from Indonesia, which is known for its complex and highly variable climate patterns. Climatic variables such as temperature, humidity, air pressure, wind speed, and historical rainfall records serve as the main input features to evaluate the performance of various network configurations. Optimization is carried out by determining the appropriate number of neurons, hidden layers, activation functions, and training algorithms to enhance prediction accuracy. Model evaluation employs indicators such as Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) to ensure output stability. The findings indicate that a multilayer architecture combined with optimized parameters significantly improves the network’s ability to capture non-linear patterns in Indonesia’s tropical rainfall data. The optimized model produces more stable and accurate predictions compared to standard configurations. These results highlight the importance of ANN architecture optimization in supporting early warning systems, agricultural planning, water resource management, and hydrometeorological disaster mitigation across Indonesia.

This research is based on the ambiguity of street naming norms in statutory regulations, this causes the legality of street naming in the Mojokerto city government area to be questioned. Based on this description, the author formulates the problem formulation as follows: (1) What is the authority of the Mojokerto City Government in naming roads? (2) What is the legality of naming roads belonging to the Mojokerto city government?This research uses a normative juridical research type with a statutory approach, a historical approach and a conceptual approach using primary legal materials and secondary legal materials.The research results from this thesis show that the Mojokerto City Government does not have direct authority to name roads in its area. There is a lack of normative legal regulations in regulating transitional conditions in the naming of landforms, especially roads. The legality of naming roads belonging to the Mojokerto city government can be questioned due to the absence of statutory norms that order local governments to form legal products related to street naming.

By examining “The Impact of Financial Performance on Stock Returns” in cunsomer goods sector manufacturing companies listed on the IDX in 2020”, this research aims to assess the resilience of the company's financial ratios. The historical secondary data applied in this research was obtained from the financial statements of these companies by applying a purposive sampling strategy, which resulted in 30 samples from a total population of 54 companies. The technique applied is multiple linear regression, through the SPSS 20 program. The conclusion of the study describes that “partially, the liquidity ratio has a significant negative effect on stock returns, the solvency ratio has no significant effect, and the profitability ratio has a significant positive effect”.

This study examines the investment preferences of Generation Z, specifically their inclination toward gold investment. The research is based on secondary data obtained through literature studies focusing on Gen Z's investment behavior. The findings indicate that Gen Z tends to favor gold as an investment option due to several compelling reasons. One of the main motivations is the potential for profit, as gold is considered not only a stable asset but also one that offers promising long-term returns. In addition, gold is perceived as a safe investment amid economic uncertainty. Other influencing factors include: (1) security and stability, (2) ease of access and purchase through digital platforms, (3) long-term investment potential, (4) diversification of investment portfolios, (5) historical value and its role as a symbol of security, (6) easy and flexible transactions, and (7) protection against inflation. These factors highlight the strategic thinking of Gen Z investors who seek both financial security and growth through alternative investment instruments such as gold.

This study explores the application of eco-hermeneutics, an interdisciplinary approach combining ecological thought and scriptural interpretation, to sacred texts such as the Bible, Quran, and Vedas. Eco-hermeneutics seeks to reinterpret traditional religious teachings to emphasize ecological responsibility, interconnectedness, and the moral obligation of humans to protect the environment. The analysis identifies key ecological themes within sacred scriptures, including creation care, stewardship, and the intrinsic value of nature. Interviews with theologians and environmental ethicists provide practical insights into how eco-hermeneutical interpretations can be applied in contemporary religious contexts, offering a fresh perspective on environmental ethics rooted in religious teachings. This approach challenges anthropocentric views, which have historically positioned humans as dominators of nature, and instead advocates for an ecocentric understanding of the environment. The findings highlight the potential of eco-hermeneutics to inspire faith-based responses to the ecological crises, urging religious communities to adopt these interpretations to foster environmental stewardship. However, challenges and resistance from traditional religious communities are identified, particularly concerning entrenched views on human supremacy over nature. The study also explores the implications of eco-hermeneutics for religious education, suggesting that its integration into religious curricula could promote a theology of care and responsibility toward the environment. The paper concludes by calling for further research on the practical applications of eco-hermeneutics, particularly in how these teachings can be incorporated into religious practices and community actions, contributing to global sustainability efforts.

This study examines the impact of international human rights law on national judicial systems through a comparative analysis. The research aims to explore how international human rights norms influence domestic court decisions and the extent to which national judicial systems incorporate these norms into their legal frameworks. Using a qualitative comparative approach, this study analyzes judicial decisions from multiple countries with varying legal traditions. The findings reveal significant differences in the reception and application of international human rights law, influenced by historical, cultural, and political contexts. The study concludes that while some judicial systems demonstrate a strong commitment to integrating international human rights norms, others show resistance due to sovereignty concerns or differing legal philosophies. These findings highlight the complex relationship between international human rights law and national judicial practices, offering insights for policymakers, legal practitioners, and human rights advocates to enhance the effectiveness of human rights protections globally.

The forecasting of advertisement tax payments at the Medan City Revenue Agency aims to support planning and decision-making regarding advertisement tax revenue from 2021 to 2023, covering the period from January to December. In this process, historical data on advertisement tax payments is analyzed to determine the most suitable ARIMA model by considering the Autoregressive (AR), Differencing (I), and Moving Average (MA) parameters. The research indicates that the ARIMA model can provide accurate predictions of advertisement tax payment trends, thereby serving as a tool to enhance the effectiveness of local tax management. For the period from January to October 2024, it is estimated that 1,141 individuals will make advertisement tax payments, with the lowest forecasted number occurring in January 2024 at 1,128 individuals.

This article examines the history and development of the Islamization of education in Indonesia. This study aims to analyse Islamisation of education through Islamic education by looking at historical data that shape the patterns and characteristics of Islamic education in Indonesia, as well as identifying critical points that influence the direction of its development. The research uses the theory of historical institutionalism. Through a literature study with a qualitative approach, the research reveals that the development of Islamic education in Indonesia followed a strong path dependence pattern, where decisions in the colonial and early independence periods shaped a relatively stable institutional path. The findings show that the process of educational Islamization underwent institutional layering, where new elements were added without completely erasing the old structure. This research contributes to the theoretical understanding of the dynamics of institutional change in the context of Islamic education in Indonesia.

The article discusses the role and strategies of the Central Bank and the Government in maintaining financial system stability, which is crucial for the effective functioning of market economies. A stable financial system is essential for rational decision-making regarding resource allocation and enhancing the investment climate. Historical experiences, particularly Indonesia's financial crisis in 1998 and the global financial crisis in 2008, highlight the high costs associated with financial instability and the importance of implementing both microprudential and macroprudential policies to prevent such crises. The Central Bank of Indonesia (Bank Indonesia) plays a vital role in this regard by regulating monetary policy, overseeing financial institutions, and ensuring a robust payment system. It employs various indicators to measure financial stability, including capital adequacy ratios and economic growth metrics. The article emphasizes that stability in the financial system not only fosters investor confidence but also supports efficient financial intermediation, ultimately contributing to sustainable economic growth.

Awareness of personal health is very important in improving the quality of life, especially among students who are in a transition period from adolescence to early adulthood. This research aims to understand more deeply about human health which includes physical, mental, and social aspects. By increasing students' awareness of personal health, it is hoped that it can improve their overall quality of life. The research also highlights the importance of students' understanding of social and historical developments, which can contribute to their well-being as well as create social responsibility. Health awareness involves not only paying attention to the body, but also the role of social and mental relationships in maintaining a balance in life. In this context, the philosophy of health, including ontology and existentialism perspectives, provides insight into the responsibility of individuals towards their life choices. By developing better awareness, students are expected to be better able to manage their physical, mental, and social health, so that they can achieve a more meaningful and quality life.