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Type II Diabetes Mellitus is one of the chronic diseases whose prevalence continues to increase and has become a global health issue. A common complication in patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus is peripheral circulatory disorders, which can be identified through the Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) examination—a non-invasive method used to detect peripheral artery disease. ABI testing is essential for early detection and prevention of serious complications such as diabetic ulcers.This study aims to describe the Ankle Brachial Index values in patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus at Santa Elisabeth Hospital Medan in 2025. This research used a descriptive quantitative method with purposive sampling technique. The study sample consisted of 52 respondents from a total population of 109 patients diagnosed with Type II Diabetes Mellitus. Data collection was conducted through observation sheets and measurement of systolic blood pressure in the upper and lower extremities using a sphygmomanometer and stethoscope. The ABI value was calculated based on the ratio between the highest ankle systolic pressure and the highest brachial systolic pressure. Data were analyzed using tabulation techniques and presented in tables and diagrams. The results showed that the majority of respondents had normal ABI values (>0.90), totaling 33 individuals (63.5%), while 19 individuals (36.5%) experienced abnormal ABI values (≤0.90).Conclusion:The study concludes that most patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus at Santa Elisabeth Hospital Medan had ABI values within the normal range. However, a considerable proportion with abnormal ABI indicates the necessity of routine ABI screening as a preventive measure against peripheral vascular complications in diabetic patients. This study is expected to serve as a reference in developing nursing interventions aimed at improving the quality of life for patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus.

Chronic kidney disease is one of the global health problems that requires long-term therapy, one of which is through hemodialysis. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), adherence to treatment and diet is a key factor in improving the quality of life for patients with chronic diseases. An appropriate diet plays an important role in controlling electrolyte levels, fluids, and toxic substances in the body. This study aims to describe the knowledge and dietary compliance of patients undergoing hemodialysis at Santa Elisabeth Hospital Medan in 2025.This research used a descriptive quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 36 patients selected using purposive sampling techniques. The research instrument was a questionnaire developed based on dietary guidelines for hemodialysis patients according to WHO and the Indonesian Ministry of Health standards. The results showed that among the 36 hemodialysis patients, 15 respondents (41.7%) had a good level of knowledge, 14 respondents (38.9%) had a moderate level, and 7 respondents (19.4%) had a low level of knowledge. Regarding dietary compliance, 13 respondents (36.1%) were compliant, 18 respondents (50.0%) were moderately compliant, and 3 respondents (13.9%) were non-compliant. There was a tendency showing that higher knowledge levels were positively correlated with better dietary compliance, in line with WHO’s principle that health education is an essential intervention in managing chronic diseases. This study recommends strengthening ongoing educational programs by healthcare professionals, particularly in delivering accurate and easy-to-understand information about diet management for hemodialysis patients.

Type II Diabetes Mellitus is one of the chronic diseases whose prevalence continues to increase and has become a global health issue. A common complication in patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus is peripheral circulatory disorders, which can be identified through the Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) examination—a non-invasive method used to detect peripheral artery disease. ABI testing is essential for early detection and prevention of serious complications such as diabetic ulcers.This study aims to describe the Ankle Brachial Index values in patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus at Santa Elisabeth Hospital Medan in 2025. This research used a descriptive quantitative method with purposive sampling technique. The study sample consisted of 52 respondents from a total population of 109 patients diagnosed with Type II Diabetes Mellitus. Data collection was conducted through observation sheets and measurement of systolic blood pressure in the upper and lower extremities using a sphygmomanometer and stethoscope. The ABI value was calculated based on the ratio between the highest ankle systolic pressure and the highest brachial systolic pressure. Data were analyzed using tabulation techniques and presented in tables and diagrams. The results showed that the majority of respondents had normal ABI values (>0.90), totaling 33 individuals (63.5%), while 19 individuals (36.5%) experienced abnormal ABI values (≤0.90).Conclusion:The study concludes that most patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus at Santa Elisabeth Hospital Medan had ABI values within the normal range. However, a considerable proportion with abnormal ABI indicates the necessity of routine ABI screening as a preventive measure against peripheral vascular complications in diabetic patients. This study is expected to serve as a reference in developing nursing interventions aimed at improving the quality of life for patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus.

Chronic kidney disease is one of the global health problems that requires long-term therapy, one of which is through hemodialysis. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), adherence to treatment and diet is a key factor in improving the quality of life for patients with chronic diseases. An appropriate diet plays an important role in controlling electrolyte levels, fluids, and toxic substances in the body. This study aims to describe the knowledge and dietary compliance of patients undergoing hemodialysis at Santa Elisabeth Hospital Medan in 2025.This research used a descriptive quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 36 patients selected using purposive sampling techniques. The research instrument was a questionnaire developed based on dietary guidelines for hemodialysis patients according to WHO and the Indonesian Ministry of Health standards. The results showed that among the 36 hemodialysis patients, 15 respondents (41.7%) had a good level of knowledge, 14 respondents (38.9%) had a moderate level, and 7 respondents (19.4%) had a low level of knowledge. Regarding dietary compliance, 13 respondents (36.1%) were compliant, 18 respondents (50.0%) were moderately compliant, and 3 respondents (13.9%) were non-compliant. There was a tendency showing that higher knowledge levels were positively correlated with better dietary compliance, in line with WHO’s principle that health education is an essential intervention in managing chronic diseases. This study recommends strengthening ongoing educational programs by healthcare professionals, particularly in delivering accurate and easy-to-understand information about diet management for hemodialysis patients.

Indonesian culinary comments on social media platforms such as Instagram are characterized by informal spelling, regional language mixing, slang expressions, and emojis, posing substantial challenges for automated sentiment classification. While IndoBERT has demonstrated strong performance across Indonesian natural language processing tasks, the contribution of individual preprocessing components to fine-tuning performance on informal text remains underexplored, particularly in the culinary domain. This study addresses this gap by conducting a systematic preprocessing ablation study on IndoBERT-Base fine-tuning for Indonesian culinary sentiment classification, accompanied by a comparative evaluation against Naive Bayes with TF-IDF, SVM with TF-IDF, and BiLSTM as representative baselines. A dataset of 3,500 manually labeled Instagram culinary comments across three sentiment classes was used, with a stratified 80/10/10 split. Six preprocessing variants were evaluated under identical experimental conditions to isolate the contribution of each component. The results show that slang normalization is the most impactful single preprocessing step, yielding a macro F1-score gain of +0.0609 over the no-preprocessing baseline, while the full pipeline achieves an accuracy of 0.8800 and a macro F1-score of 0.8465. IndoBERT-Base with the full pipeline outperforms all baselines across all evaluation metrics. Per-class analysis reveals that the negative class achieves the lowest F1-score of 0.7600, with sarcastic expressions and Banjar regional vocabulary identified as primary sources of misclassification. These findings indicate that preprocessing decisions have a measurable and non-uniform effect on IndoBERT fine-tuning performance. In this study, slang normalization provides the most substantial individual contribution in bridging the vocabulary gap between informal user-generated text and the model’s pre-training distribution.

Sentiment analysis for Indonesian regional languages faces two persistent challenges: labeled training data is extremely limited for most regional varieties, and transformer models pre-trained on Bahasa Indonesia do not generalize reliably to languages with substantially different morphological structures. Prior work on the NusaX benchmark has primarily relied on direct fine-tuning, treating each regional language independently and without exploiting linguistic proximity between related languages as a transfer signal. This paper proposes Language-Similarity-Guided Transfer (LSGT), a sequential fine-tuning strategy that first adapts a pre-trained model to a pivot language selected using character trigram similarity, followed by fine-tuning on the target language. Four transformer models are evaluated across all 12 NusaX languages using the official train/validation/test splits: IndoBERT, NusaBERT, mBERT, and XLM-R. Performance is evaluated using four metrics: accuracy, macro F1, macro precision, and macro recall. Experimental results show that LSGT improves macro F1 in 44 of 48 model-language combinations, demonstrating that the fine-tuning strategy itself is a major factor in low-resource cross-lingual sentiment classification. XLM-R benefits most strongly from LSGT, achieving an average improvement of +0.137 macro F1 and a peak gain of +0.298 on Madurese. SHAP-based token attribution analysis further reveals that predictions rely heavily on named entities and domain-specific nouns rather than sentiment-bearing vocabulary, indicating a dataset-level bias inherited from the original SmSA corpus and propagated through the NusaX translation pipeline.

This study was conducted to determine the effect of profitability and cost of debt on tax avoidance in wholesale trading companies from 2018 to 2021. The population in this study was 53 companies spanning a four-year period. The sample size used in this study was 49 from a population of 212. The sampling technique used was non-random sampling, with criteria being determined for sample selection. Testing was conducted using descriptive statistics, classical assumption tests, outlier tests, and multiple linear regression. The results showed that profitability and cost of debt had a significant positive effect on tax avoidance, accounting for 19.3% of the total, with the remainder coming from other variables. Partially, profitability had a significant negative effect on tax avoidance, meaning that an increase in profitability would decrease tax avoidance. Meanwhile, the cost of debt had an insignificant negative effect on tax avoidance, meaning that the higher the cost of debt, the higher the tax avoidance

This study examines the influence of technology utilization, records management, infrastructure, and training on employee performance at the Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency (BPKAD) of Batam City. A quantitative approach with an associative design was employed to identify relationships between variables and measure their effects. The study involved 89 employees as respondents using a saturated sampling method to ensure all members of the population were included. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression along with F-test and t-test to assess both simultaneous and partial effects. The findings reveal that all independent variables simultaneously have a significant impact on employee performance, while individually technology, records management, infrastructure, and training also demonstrate significant positive effects. These results indicate that the effective use of digital systems, well-organized archival practices, adequate and supportive facilities, and continuous training programs play a crucial role in enhancing employee performance and productivity, as well as improving efficiency, accuracy, and overall organizational effectiveness. The study suggests that organizations should strengthen technological implementation, improve document management systems, provide sufficient work facilities, and conduct sustainable training programs to achieve optimal and long-term organizational outcomes.

A mid the growing complexity of contemporary education, the challenge of integrating intellectual achievement with moral and spiritual development has become increasingly urgent. This study examines educational strategies in the Qur’an through the perspective of tafsir tarbawi, focusing on four core approaches: exemplary conduct, advice, dialogue, and storytelling. The research aims to explore how the Qur’an presents pedagogical methods that not only convey knowledge but also shape character and internalize values in learners. Employing a qualitative library research design with thematic and tafsir tarbawi approaches, this study analyzes relevant Qur’anic verses and supporting scholarly literature. The findings reveal that the Qur’an offers a holistic and dynamic model of education in which exemplary conduct functions as a behavioral model, advice serves as a means of value internalization, dialogue promotes reflective and critical thinking, and storytelling strengthens moral awareness through narrative experience. These strategies are interconnected and operate across cognitive, affective, and behavioral domains. The study concludes that Qur’anic educational strategies remain highly relevant for contemporary Islamic education, particularly in strengthening character formation, reflective learning, and the integration of values in educational practice.

This study analyzes the strategic role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in managing Indochinese refugees namely from Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos on Galang Island during the period 1979–1996. The “boat people” crisis at that time required a multisectoral response that was not only emergency-based but also sustainable, linking Indonesia’s transit policies with applicable international protection standards. Using a literature review method of international journal articles and program technical documents, this study finds that NGOs performed crucial functions beyond mere logistical assistance, particularly through structured educational planning such as the Overseas Refugee Training Program (ORTP). Recent literature indicates that NGO consortia such as SCF and EIL, along with faith-based organizations such as JRS, YCK, and ICMC, played a significant role in fostering refugee self-reliance through cultural orientation curricula and work simulation programs (Work Orientation). Despite various structural challenges and resource limitations, the experience on Galang Island demonstrates the effectiveness of partnerships between NGOs and the government in supporting adaptive and sustainable regional humanitarian diplomacy.

Diarrhea is a common health problem among school-aged children. Factors influencing its occurrence include knowledge of healthy food and the habit of consuming snacks within the school environment. The objective of this research was to examine the relationship between knowledge of healthy food and snack consumption habits with diarrhea cases at SDN 81 Manado. This research employed a descriptive-analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 50 respondents were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data collection was conducted using questionnaires addressing both variables. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-Square test with a significance level of ρ ≤ 0.05. The findings revealed that 35 respondents (75.0%) had poor knowledge of healthy food, and 32 respondents (64.0%) experienced diarrhea. Additionally, 42 respondents (84.0%) reported poor snack consumption habits, with 37 respondents (74.0%) experiencing diarrhea (29 males and 21 females). Chi-Square analysis produced a ρ-value of 0.001, which is lower than the alpha level (α = 0.05), indicating a significant relationship between knowledge of healthy food, snack consumption habits, and diarrhea cases. The study concludes that both knowledge of healthy food and snack consumption habits are significantly associated with diarrhea among school-aged children. Parental involvement is essential in educating children about healthy food choices as a preventive measure against diarrhea.

Diarrhea is a common health problem among school-aged children. Factors influencing its occurrence include knowledge of healthy food and the habit of consuming snacks within the school environment. The objective of this research was to examine the relationship between knowledge of healthy food and snack consumption habits with diarrhea cases at SDN 81 Manado. This research employed a descriptive-analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 50 respondents were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data collection was conducted using questionnaires addressing both variables. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-Square test with a significance level of ρ ≤ 0.05. The findings revealed that 35 respondents (75.0%) had poor knowledge of healthy food, and 32 respondents (64.0%) experienced diarrhea. Additionally, 42 respondents (84.0%) reported poor snack consumption habits, with 37 respondents (74.0%) experiencing diarrhea (29 males and 21 females). Chi-Square analysis produced a ρ-value of 0.001, which is lower than the alpha level (α = 0.05), indicating a significant relationship between knowledge of healthy food, snack consumption habits, and diarrhea cases. The study concludes that both knowledge of healthy food and snack consumption habits are significantly associated with diarrhea among school-aged children. Parental involvement is essential in educating children about healthy food choices as a preventive measure against diarrhea.

This study aims to analyze the influence of Qirâat (variant Qur’anic readings) on the interpretation of legal verses in Adhwâ’ al-Bayân by Muhammad al-Amîn al-Syinqîthi. Employing a qualitative library research approach, this study examines how both mutawâtir and syâdz Qirâat contribute to the process of Islamic legal deduction (istinbâth). The findings reveal that Qirâat function not merely as linguistic variations but also have significant implications for expanding, reinforcing, and providing flexibility in legal meanings across various domains, including worship (ibadah), family law (munâkahât), transactions (mu‘âmalah), and jihad. Al-Syinqîthi integrates linguistic analysis, textual evidence, and the objectives of Islamic law (maqâṣid al-syarî‘ah) in a comprehensive manner, enabling him to accommodate different Qirâat without generating legal contradictions. Mutawâtir Qirâat serve as the primary foundation for legal rulings, while syâdz Qirâat function as complementary and supportive arguments. This study concludes that the diversity of Qirâat constitutes an integral component of Qur’anic exegesis and Islamic jurisprudence, contributing to the development of a flexible, contextual, and relevant Islamic legal framework.

The moral crisis in contemporary education demands a reconstruction of moral values derived from the Qur'an as the epistemological foundation of Islamic education. This study aims to identify and analyze the moral educational values found in Surah Al-Imran, verse 159, particularly through the perspectives of Ibn Kathir’s tafsir and Quraish Shihab’s Tafsir Al-Misbah, and formulate its implications for contemporary Islamic education practices. Using a qualitative approach with a library research method, this study analyzes primary data from Ibn Kathir’s tafsir and Tafsir Al-Misbah, confronted with secondary literature on moral education theory. The analysis technique used was content analysis with a comparative-analytical approach to extract both explicit and implicit moral educational values. The findings revealed three fundamental values: first, gentleness (ar-rifq) as a humanistic pedagogical communication method; second, forgiveness (al-‘afw) as a mechanism for restoring educational relationships; third, consultation (asy-syura) as a democratic principle in educational decision-making. This study concludes that these values are not merely individual ethics but methodological principles that must be integrated into the culture of Islamic educational institutions. Practically, this requires a transformation from authoritarian-monological to dialogical-participatory educational approaches and strengthening educators' socio-emotional competencies.

This research is motivated by the reality of human life that is inseparable from suffering and a crisis of hope, particularly within the context of faith experiences. Lamentations 3:1–24 was chosen as the object of study because it contains a profound expression of suffering that transforms into hope through an awareness of God's steadfast love. The purpose of this study is to theologically examine the meaning of hope amid suffering and to explore how this text provides spiritual strength for believers in the contemporary era. The research employs a qualitative method with a library research approach and theological-biblical hermeneutical analysis of the text of Lamentations 3:1–24. The novelty of this research lies in its integrative interpretation, which emphasizes existential honesty, faith reflection, and spiritual refinement as a path to forming spiritual character through suffering. The findings indicate that suffering is not the end but a divine means to direct believers toward true hope in God’s steadfast love. Thus, honest faith, prayer, and waiting become tangible expressions of a spirituality that endures and grows amid darkness.

Islamization in Sambas, West Kalimantan, represents a historical and evolving process influenced by trade routes, the political dynamics of local kingdoms, and the transmission of Islamic knowledge through networks of scholars and local intellectuals. This process extended beyond the mere dissemination of religious teachings, encompassing significant social, cultural, and educational transformations within the community. A central figure in this Islamization process was Muhammad Basiuni Imran (1885–1976), the Maharaja Imam of the Sambas Sultanate, who played a pivotal role in reforming Islamic education and strengthening religious understanding among the local population. This article employs a historical-qualitative approach and library research to trace the trajectory of Islamization in Sambas while analyzing Basiuni Imran’s contributions within the socio-cultural context of the region. The findings reveal that Basiuni Imran’s thought reinforced Islamization through the modernization of Islamic education, the integration of Sharia with local customs, and the establishment of adaptive religious structures, thereby significantly shaping the religious life of the Sambas community from the colonial period to the early years of Indonesia’s independence.

Exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months of a baby's life is an important effort in improving children's health and growth and development. However, the success of exclusive breastfeeding still faces various challenges, one of which is influenced by socio-cultural factors that develop in society. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between socio-cultural factors and the success of exclusive breastfeeding at Grha Permata Ibu Hospital In 2025. This study used a quantitative method with an analytical observational cross-sectional design. The study population consisted of mothers with infants aged 6–9 months at Grha Permata Ibu Hospital. The sample size was 96 respondents, obtained using the Lemeshow formula with total sampling technique. Data collection was conducted using a sociocultural questionnaire and an exclusive breastfeeding success questionnaire. Data analysis was performed univariately and bivariately using the chi-square test. Based on the chi-square test results, a p-value of <0.001 was obtained, meaning that the p-value was <α (0.05), so it can be concluded that there is a relationship between sociocultural factors and the success of exclusive breastfeeding at Grha Permata Ibu Hospital in 2025.

Hypertension is a condition characterized by systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg. In Indonesia, the prevalence of hypertension showed an increasing trend in 2018, reaching 34.1% based on national survey data. Effective control of hypertension is essential to prevent long-term complications and acute cardiovascular events. Non-adherence to antihypertensive medication can increase cardiac workload. In addition to adherence to pharmacological therapy, unhealthy dietary patterns also contribute to the rising prevalence of hypertension. Therefore, adequate health literacy is required to support patients with hypertension in maintaining regular medication use and adopting healthy lifestyle changes, particularly in dietary management. To determine the relationship between health literacy and dietary patterns, as well as medication adherence among patients with hypertension. This study employed a non-experimental descriptive analytic design with a cross-sectional approach involving 113 respondents. Data were collected using questionnaires with ordinal scales and analyzed using the Gamma test. The results showed a p-value of 0.00 (<0.05) with correlation coefficients of R = 0.982 and R = 1.000, indicating a positive and very strong relationship between health literacy and dietary patterns, as well as medication adherence. There is a positive and very strong relationship between health literacy and dietary patterns and medication adherence among patients with hypertension.

Blood sampling is a mildly invasive medical procedure aimed at detecting diseases, assessing organ function, and evaluating the patient's overall health. It often causes pain, which can affect patient comfort. Pain perception during this procedure is influenced by both physiological and psychological factors. Therefore, safe and easily implemented non-pharmacological interventions are essential to alleviate pain intensity, and one such intervention is deep breathing relaxation. This descriptive observational study employed a quantitative one-shot case study design with a posttest-only approach. Pain intensity was measured after the deep breathing relaxation intervention was given, without any pretest. The findings revealed that after the deep breathing relaxation intervention, most respondents experienced mild pain (84 people, 70.6%), moderate pain (32 people, 26.9%), and severe pain (2 people, 1.7%). The results indicate that deep breathing relaxation significantly reduces pain intensity during blood sampling and can be effectively used as a non-pharmacological intervention to enhance patient comfort during medical procedures.

Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) remain a major global challenge in healthcare services, contributing significantly to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Nurses’ compliance with the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is a critical component in infection prevention and control programs. Supervision by Infection Prevention and Control Nurses (IPCNs) is considered a key factor in improving compliance. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between IPCN supervision and nurses’ compliance with PPE usage in inpatient wards at Grha Permata Ibu Hospital, Depok, in 2025. This study employed a quantitative approach using a correlational analytic design with a cross-sectional method. The population consisted of all 56 nurses working in four inpatient wards, and total sampling was applied. Data were collected using a structured IPCN supervision questionnaire and direct observation checklists of PPE compliance. Data analysis included univariate and bivariate analysis using the Chi-square test. The results revealed that most respondents perceived IPCN supervision as moderate (58.9%), while the majority demonstrated compliance with PPE usage (62.5%). Bivariate analysis indicated a statistically significant relationship between IPCN supervision and PPE compliance (p = 0.001). Nurses receiving high-level IPCN supervision were 33.85 times more likely to comply with PPE usage compared to those receiving moderate supervision. In conclusion, IPCN supervision plays a crucial role in enhancing nurses’ compliance with PPE usage. Strengthening IPCN supervisory functions through structured monitoring, continuous education, and consistent evaluation is strongly recommended to improve patient and healthcare worker safety and to reduce the incidence of HAIs in hospital settings.