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This study also highlights the importance of ongoing professional development for pre-service teachers, emphasizing that preparation for handling diverse classroom needs is crucial for effective DI implementation. Pre-service teachers identified the need for more targeted training in understanding students' individual learning styles and needs, especially when dealing with large classrooms and limited resources. The findings also suggest that collaborative learning among educators, through workshops and peer mentoring, plays a significant role in overcoming the challenges of DI. In addition, institutional support was identified as a key factor in facilitating the effective use of DI. Participants reported that a lack of resources, such as teaching aids and time, was a primary barrier to the full implementation of DI. Schools and educational institutions were urged to provide more resources and structured support systems to enable teachers to tailor their teaching methods to accommodate the varying abilities of their students. Furthermore, the integration of technology was highlighted as an effective strategy to differentiate instruction, allowing teachers to cater to diverse learning needs in a more flexible and engaging manner. For instance, digital tools such as learning management systems and interactive applications were utilized by some participants to create personalized learning paths for students, fostering both engagement and motivation. These strategies not only helped overcome some of the limitations faced by the teachers but also allowed students to engage more actively with the learning material. Ultimately, this study emphasizes that the successful implementation of Differentiated Instruction requires a collaborative effort between pre-service teachers, their educational institutions, and ongoing support systems.

This study aims to analyze the influence of positive reinforcement and social anxiety on student learning activity in the Department of Office Management and Business Services (MPLB) at SMK Negeri in the South Jakarta area. The background of this research is based on the importance of creating a conducive learning environment through providing positive reinforcement and the importance of understanding the impact of social anxiety on student participation in the learning process. The method used in this study is a survey method with a quantitative approach. The study population consisted of 360 students spread across three schools. The sampling technique used was proportionate stratified random sampling with an error rate of 5%, so that a sample of 190 students was obtained. Data analysis was carried out using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method based on Partial Least Square (PLS) through the SmartPLS 4.0 application. The analysis consists of three main stages, namely measurement model analysis (outer model), structural model analysis (inner model), and hypothesis testing. The results of the study show that positive reinforcement has a positive and significant effect on student learning activity. This means that the higher the application of positive reinforcement, the more active students are in participating in learning activities. On the other hand, social anxiety has a negative and significant influence on student learning activity. This shows that the higher the level of social anxiety experienced by students, the more active they will be in the learning process. These findings affirm the importance of the role of teachers in implementing learning strategies that encourage active student participation and pay attention to students' psychological aspects such as social anxiety in the teaching and learning process.

This study aims to find out the role of the El-Diina Sukabumi Play Group (KB) in improving the quality of early childhood education. The background of this research is based on the importance of early childhood education institutions as the main foundation in shaping children's character and basic abilities, especially in the midst of increasing demands on the quality of national education. Quality early childhood education is one of the important factors in supporting children's optimal growth and development from an early age, both from cognitive and emotional aspects. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with observation techniques, in-depth interviews, and documentation as the main methods in data collection. The research subjects included school principals, teachers, and parents of students at KB El-Diina Sukabumi who were selected purposively in accordance with the research objectives. The results of the study show that KB El-Diina has implemented various strategies in improving the quality of educational services, including the implementation of a character-based curriculum, regular teacher training, active involvement of parents in the learning process, and the creation of a safe, comfortable, and fun learning environment for children. In addition, the use of learning methods that are in accordance with the child's developmental stage is also one of the success factors of the institution in improving the quality of education. The findings show that these efforts have a positive impact on children's cognitive, social, emotional, and motor development. Children look more confident, independent, and active in daily learning activities in the classroom and outdoors. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of professional, sustainable, and adaptive management of family planning institutions to the needs of children's development. This is the foundation for creating quality, relevant, and holistic child development early childhood education services.

This study aims to analyze the influence of quantitative analysis skills and statistical mastery on managerial decision-making among Management students in Bekasi. The background of this study is based on the importance of data literacy and analytical skills in supporting effective decision-making processes, especially amidst the increasing demand for data-driven businesses. This study used a quantitative approach with a census technique on 67 respondents. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression through classical assumption tests, partial tests (t-tests), and simultaneous (F-tests). The results showed that both quantitative analysis skills and statistical mastery have a positive and significant effect individually on managerial decision-making skills. Quantitative analysis skills, which include the ability to process data in numerical form and interpret it critically, have been shown to strengthen decision-making skills in various situations. Likewise, statistical mastery provides a foundation for analyzing data systematically and producing evidence-based decisions. Simultaneously, these two variables explain 60.8% of the variation in decision-making. These findings emphasize the importance of mastering quantitative and statistical skills for students in facing the complexity of decision-making in a professional environment. This study recommends strengthening the curriculum and providing practical data-based training to improve students' readiness for more informed and analytically sound managerial decision-making. Furthermore, it is recommended that students be given more opportunities to engage in case studies involving real-world data, as well as the use of statistical software that can accelerate the analysis and decision-making process. Improving data and statistical literacy will give students a competitive advantage in an increasingly data-driven business world.

This literature review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of homesickness, or homesickness, particularly experienced by first-year college students. The transition from home life to a new campus environment often causes psychological stress, especially for those living away from family for the first time. One form of this stress is homesickness, which can impact students' mental, social, and academic well-being. This study used a literature review method, a data collection and analysis technique that involves identifying, evaluating, and synthesizing the results of previous research. In this study, the authors reviewed 15 scientific articles that directly discussed homesickness, as well as one additional article that discussed the literature review method. The results indicate that homesickness is a complex emotional condition, characterized by feelings of sadness, loneliness, and impaired concentration that arise due to separation from a familiar home environment. Factors contributing to homesickness include a lack of social support, strong emotional attachment to family, and an inability to adapt to a new environment. The forms of homesickness can vary, from mild to disruptive to daily functioning. Symptoms can include physical complaints, sleep problems, and decreased motivation. Several prevention and management strategies that can be implemented include strengthening social support, developing coping skills, and campus-based psychological interventions. By understanding the characteristics of homesickness, it is hoped that campuses and students can take proactive steps to address it.

This study aims to determine the relationship between conflict management, occupational safety and health (OHS), and work motivation towards increasing employee productivity at PT. Ratna Beton Giriwoyo. The background of this study is based on the importance of human resource management as a company's main asset in achieving optimal productivity targets, especially in the construction industry sector which has its own challenges in creating a safe and productive work environment. This study uses a quantitative approach with data collection techniques through distributing questionnaires to all company employees as respondents. The data obtained are then analyzed statistically to determine the effect of each variable on employee work productivity. The results show that conflict management has a significant relationship with employee productivity. Properly managed conflict not only avoids a decline in performance but can also increase morale and cooperation between employees. In addition, the implementation of good occupational safety and health (OHS) contributes to a sense of security and comfort at work, thereby reducing workplace accidents and increasing employee focus and work efficiency. Work motivation has also been shown to have an important role in encouraging employees to achieve predetermined performance targets. These three variables, both partially and simultaneously, have a significant effect on employee work productivity. These findings suggest that an integrated approach to conflict management, OSH implementation, and increased work motivation can be an effective strategy for improving company performance. This research is expected to provide practical contributions to the management of PT. Ratna Beton Giriwoyo in formulating human resource development policies, as well as serve as an academic reference for researchers and students interested in human resource management, particularly in the construction sector.

This research aims to determine the effect of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model assisted by Prezi media on the learning outcomes and critical thinking abilities of class XI MPLB students at SMK PGRI 2 Sidoarjo in the subject of Human Resource Management. The research method used is an experiment with a quasi experimental design. The type of design used is pre-test and post-test with non-equivalent control-group. The sample consisted of 45 students from class XI MPLB 1 as the experimental class and 45 students from class XI MPLB 2 as the control class. Research data was obtained from test results, observations, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques use normality tests, homogeneity tests, ngain tests, and hypothesis tests. The results of hypothesis testing on students' learning outcomes and critical thinking ability tests show sig. (2-tailed) with Equal variances assumed of 0.000 < 0.05. Based on the test results, it can be concluded that  and  are accepted, meaning that the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model assisted by Prezi media has an effect on students' learning outcomes and critical thinking skills.

This study aims to design and develop a website-based library information system using the Agile method at SMK Azzahro Palembang. The Agile approach was chosen because it allows for an iterative, flexible, and collaborative software development process between the development team and end users. This process prioritizes speed in completing each development stage and allows for continuous improvement based on user feedback. The developed information system includes several key features, such as book data management, library member data, loan and return transactions, and online book catalog searches. Through this system, library management activities become more structured, efficient, and well-documented. In addition, users—both students and teachers—can easily access book availability information without having to come directly to the library, thus improving time efficiency. The trial results show that this system significantly improves the work efficiency of library staff and user convenience in accessing information. This study also notes the important contribution of the Kampus Mengajar program, which supports the transfer of information technology knowledge to schools and encourages increased digital literacy among students and education personnel. With this information system, it is hoped that library management at SMK Azzahro will be more modern, transparent, and support the school's literacy culture in a sustainable manner. In addition to the practical benefits, the development of this library information system will also have a positive impact on improving digital competency for all elements of the school. Teachers and administrative staff who were previously unfamiliar with intensive digital system use will receive training and mentoring throughout the implementation process. This will result in improved information technology skills that can be applied not only to library management.

The selection of recipients of the Single Tuition Fee (UKT) assistance at universities must be carried out with the principles of fairness, openness, and efficiency to ensure that the assistance is distributed appropriately. However, the manual selection process is often subjective and prone to error. Therefore, this study developed a decision support system based on the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method to assist the selection process of students eligible for UKT assistance more systematically and accurately. The SAW method was chosen because of its ability to process data involving various criteria to produce objective decisions. In this study, the criteria used for the selection of UKT assistance recipients include several aspects, such as the Cumulative Grade Point Average (GPA), parental income, number of dependents, non-academic achievements, distance of the student's residence from campus, active student status, and involvement in student organizations. Data from each criterion is then processed through a normalization stage to ensure uniformity of values and weighting based on their level of importance. After the normalization and weighting process, the next step is to calculate the preference value for each student. The results of the implementation of this system show that the SAW method can accurately rank student priorities, with a student named Selly receiving the highest preference score, 0.673. This indicates that the student in question meets the selection criteria with the best score. This developed system can support the UKT assistance selection process to be fairer and more efficient. By using the SAW method, subjective and manual errors in decision-making can be reduced, resulting in more objective and accurate decisions. In addition, this system also allows universities to evaluate UKT assistance recipients more transparently and precisely, which ultimately can increase public trust in the management of educational assistance at universities.

The issue of determining the number of students' graduation times is one of the important indicators in transmitting the quality and effectiveness of the higher education process in universities. The rate of on-time graduation not only impacts accredited institutions, but also becomes a concern for campus management in designing learning strategies and academic guidance. This study aims to apply and compare two classification algorithms in data mining, namely C4.5 and K-Nearest Neighbor KNN, in predicting the accuracy of students' graduation times. Predictions are made based on academic attributes such as Grade Point Average GPA, number of credits that have been achieved, and Semester Grade Point Average IPS as input variables. The method used in this study is Knowledge Discovery in Database KDD which includes data selection, preprocessing, transformation, data mining, and evaluation of results. The study was conducted using the RapidMiner tool, with a dataset of 279 Informatics Study Program students from the 2015 to 2019 intake. The data was classified into two categories: "graduated on time" and "not graduated on time". The test results showed that the KNN algorithm provided better performance compared to C4.5. KNN produced an accuracy of 76.08%, with a precision of 73.11% and a recall of 41.92%. Meanwhile, the C4.5 algorithm produced an accuracy of 73.49%, with a precision of 64.62% and a recall of 41.89%. This difference in accuracy indicates that KNN is more effective in capturing patterns in the data and providing more accurate predictions in this context. Thus, the KNN algorithm can be considered a more optimal method to assist universities in predicting potential student admissions in a timely manner, thus enabling early intervention for students at risk of late graduation. This research also contributes to the development of data mining-based academic decision support systems in higher education.

This study examines how project-based learning is used in Makassar State University's Educational Exhibition course for the Educational Technology Study Program. The purpose of this study is to outline the phases of project-based learning in the Educational Exhibition course, along with its benefits and drawbacks. The research method used a descriptive qualitative approach with a single case study type on the educational exhibition course. The findings demonstrated that there are multiple steps involved in implementing project-based learning in educational exhibition courses: determining the fundamental questions, project planning, scheduling, monitoring project progress, assessing results or project presentations, and the final stage of experience evaluation. Other research findings indicate that project-based learning in this course provides several benefits for students, such as active participation in the learning process, the ability to integrate theory and practice, team learning and collaboration, as well as the development and enhancement of students' skills.   However, a number of issues that need to be addressed, such as uneven student contributions, lack of open communication, and time management problems, can make the educational exhibition project less successful. The findings support designing effective project-based learning programs that meet workforce demands and enhance student's interpersonal skills through authentic experiences.

Indonesia is undergoing a transformative era in vocational education, pushed by the integration of technology-driven, project-based learning (PJBL) methodologies and Learning Management Systems (LMS). This comprehensive study examines the implementation and effectiveness of technology-driven project-based learning at SMK Cut Nya' Dien, utilizing a quasi-experimental design with 35 students divided into experimental and control groups. Using SPSS statistical analysis, the research demonstrates significant improvements in student learning outcomes, creativity measures, and engagement levels in the experimental group that utilized Google Classroom LMS with project-based learning approaches. This study is contributing to the growing body of literature supporting the efficacy of technology-integrated pedagogical methods in vocational education settings, providing empirical evidence for policy makers and educational practitioners seeking to enhance graduate employability and industry alignment. Results revealed statistically significant differences between groups (t (33) = 4.852, p = 0.0003) with a very large effect size (Cohen's d = 1.67), indicating substantial practical significance for educational implementation.

This study aims to explore the perceptions of students, micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), and the general public regarding the role of the Merah Putih Cooperative in supporting and strengthening economic development. Cooperatives are recognized as important economic institutions that promote collective welfare, particularly for small-scale entrepreneurs. This research adopts a descriptive survey method, with data collected through questionnaires distributed to 30 respondents representing students, MSME actors, and community members. The data were analyzed using descriptive techniques to capture respondents’ views on the cooperative’s contribution to economic activities. The findings indicate that the majority of respondents perceive the Merah Putih Cooperative as playing a significant and strategic role in supporting the growth of micro-enterprises. The cooperative is considered effective in expanding business networks, facilitating cooperation among members, and contributing to improvements in members’ economic welfare. In addition, respondents believe that the cooperative helps strengthen local economic resilience by encouraging mutual support and shared economic interests. However, the study also reveals several challenges that need to be addressed. Respondents highlighted the need for improvements in service efficiency, organizational management, and access to capital to ensure that the cooperative’s benefits are distributed more evenly. Strengthening institutional capacity, enhancing transparency, and increasing financial accessibility are essential steps to optimize the role of the Merah Putih Cooperative in sustainable economic development.

Classification codes are an important instrument in the management and storage of archives, serving as a guide to facilitate the retrieval of archives quickly, precisely, and accurately. Classification codes can be letters, numbers, or a combination of both. At the Surabaya Industrial Training Center (BDI), a classification code system has been applied in the filing process. However, as the volume of archives increases every year, there has never been a thorough evaluation to ensure their suitability with the development of existing types of archives and the demands of modern administration. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the classification codes used in BDI Surabaya, especially in supporting the process of rediscovery of archives. The research method used is a descriptive method with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and field documentation conducted for three months. The results of the study show that the classification code structure at BDI Surabaya is adequate to the tertiary level and facilitates the process of rediscovering old archives. However, the existing system has not accommodated some new types of archives, such as student internship archives and business incubator archives. This classification gap results in delays and inaccuracies in the grouping of archives. In addition, the increase in the average archive volume of 34.7% per year further emphasizes the urgency of updating the classification system to be in line with the development of organizational needs. In conclusion, it is necessary to improve the classification code by adding the PP.03.19 subcode for student internship archives and DL.16 code for business incubator archives. It is also necessary to prepare new SOPs, update the archive list format, and train archivists to improve the effectiveness of archive management.

This study aims to describe and provide recommendations regarding the proper management of extracurricular sports activities in senior high schools in Tarakan City. Extracurricular activities play an important role in helping students develop their potential. This study used a qualitative descriptive method. Subjects included principals, physical education teachers or extracurricular sports coordinators, and sports coaches from 14 randomly selected religious, public, and private senior high schools in Tarakan City. Data collection techniques included observation, interviews, and documentation. Data validity was ensured through source triangulation and technique triangulation. The data analysis process included data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The research findings indicate that: (1) Planning for extracurricular sports activities is generally carried out through coordination meetings among the parties involved to organize activities during one school year. Scheduling is the responsibility of the extracurricular coordinator and is arranged in consultation with the sports supervisor or coach to avoid conflicts with other school events. Coaches also prepare training programs as part of the planning process. (2) Extracurricular sports activities are held in the afternoon, outside of regular school hours, based on a schedule prepared by the coordinator and vice principal for student affairs. (3) Evaluations are conducted at least once every three months and involve various school stakeholders. Aspects evaluated include student attendance, participation in learning, and training outcomes. (4) Supporting factors include adequate facilities and infrastructure, funding, student competency, and teacher involvement. Conversely, inhibiting factors include low student attendance, limited funding, inadequate or inadequate facilities, and unfavorable weather conditions. These findings provide an overview of how extracurricular sports activities are managed in high schools in Tarakan City and highlight the importance of effective planning, implementation, and evaluation. This study also identifies key factors that support and hinder the success of these programs, offering insights for future improvements.

The phenomenon of bullying that occurs in the pesantren environment is not only a social problem, but also reflects a crisis in the internalization of Islamic educational values. This study aims to examine the dynamics of bullying in Islamic boarding schools from a psychosocial perspective and Islamic educational values. With a literature study approach and qualitative content analysis, this study explores various theories, empirical findings, and expert views obtained from relevant journals, books, and scientific works. The results of the study show that the practice of bullying in pesantren often stems from power relations that are institutionalized through the hierarchy structure of seniority, as well as weak supervision of the process of internalizing Islamic values among students. The values of Islamic ukhuwah, justice, and compassion that should be the spirit of Islamic education are often eroded by a culture of silence, neglect, or even the wrong perception that bullying is part of discipline. In fact, the concept of Islamic education not only emphasizes the mastery of the knowledge of tools (tsaqafah), but also the formation of intellect ('aqliyah), soul (nafsiyah), and Islamic personality (syakhsiyah Islamiyah) based on a strong aqidah. Bullying prevention requires deeper Islamic character education, strengthening social control, and psychosocial approaches to maintain mental and spiritual balance of students. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of a holistic and civilized pesantren management strategy, by fostering an anti-bullying culture, creating a safe, harmonious, and harmonious learning environment that is in line with the main goals of Islamic education. Thus, pesantren are expected to be able to form students who are not only intellectually intelligent, but also have noble morals, high social spirit, empathy, and have a strong Islamic personality and full of integrity.

This community service activity was motivated by the need for an efficient and structured library management system at MI Hidayatul Ulum. Previously, book recording, borrowing, and reporting were done manually, creating administrative challenges and limiting access to information for students and teachers. To address these challenges, the community service team implemented a web-based library information system designed to simplify collection management, facilitate book searches, and expedite the borrowing and return process. The implementation method included partner needs analysis, system design and installation, training for staff and teachers, and evaluation of implementation results. The system was designed to be accessible through the school's local network with a simple and user-friendly interface. Training was provided to ensure the school was able to utilize and manage the system independently. The results showed that the implementation of this information system improved library management efficiency and expanded user access to information. Teachers could more easily monitor book collections, while students found it easier to search for and borrow books. Furthermore, the system accelerated administrative processes and reduced the risk of recording errors. Another positive impact was the growth of a technology-based literacy culture within the madrasah. With the availability of faster book search and borrowing services, students' interest in reading increased. A participatory approach involving schools from the planning stage through evaluation ensures that the resulting solutions meet needs and can be implemented sustainably. This community service activity is expected to serve as a model for implementing simple technology that has a real impact on improving the quality of basic education services.

The Community Service Program (KKN) is an intracurricular activity that is mandatory for students as a form of community service. In this context, the KKN group R1 of Janabadra University Yogyakarta conducted a service activity in Banyurejo Village, Yogyakarta City, for six weeks. This activity carried the main theme of community empowerment in environmental management, with a primary focus on increasing awareness of the economic potential of waste through the implementation of an Environmental Workshop with the theme "Waste as Economic Potential: Creating an Independent and Clean Village." This workshop was the core agenda that involved the active participation of residents in discussing and practicing waste management that was wise, economically valuable, and environmentally friendly. To support this main activity, several supporting programs were also implemented, including: Ceria Class as a medium for environmental education for children, the establishment of a Waste Bank, joint exercise activities with residents, village clean-up actions, synergy with the PKK women's group, and educational seminars on the environment and health. All activities were designed with a community-based educational and participatory approach, to encourage direct community involvement in creating change. During the implementation period, this program showed positive results. There was an increase in public awareness of the importance of structured and sustainable waste management. Furthermore, residents have begun to demonstrate their initiative by establishing neighborhood-level waste banks, demonstrating their commitment to community-based waste management. Participation from various community elements, including children, housewives, and community leaders, is key to the success of this initiative. The success of the Janabadra University Community Service Program (KKN) group R1 is expected to serve as a model for other regions in designing and implementing community empowerment programs, particularly in the environmental sector.

A thesis is an original scientific paper where the author presents their ideas by referencing the views of experts. The process of writing a thesis often leads to stress among students, which can affect various aspects of life, including physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual health. Stress occurs when individuals struggle to cope with threats or challenges, which can negatively impact their physical well-being (Hardjana, 1994). The factors or situations that cause stress are known as stressors, which are divided into two types: eustress and distress. Eustress is a positive form of stress that encourages individuals to confront challenges constructively, while distress is a negative form of stress that can reduce motivation, concentration, and productivity, especially during the thesis writing process. Proper stress management is crucial for students to remain productive and avoid the negative effects of stress. One effective way to cope with stress is by practicing gratitude. Gratitude helps individuals focus on the positive aspects of their lives, such as the achievements they have made, the support from friends, or assistance from professors. By practicing gratitude, students can shift their focus away from failures or difficulties they face and remain optimistic in confronting challenges. Based on interviews with several students, it was found that those who successfully manage stress tend to practice gratitude in various forms. They look for the positive side in every challenge, appreciate the support from their surrounding environment, and value each small achievement in the thesis-writing process. This approach helps them stay resilient and motivated through the challenges they face during their thesis work, allowing them to remain focused and productive despite the pressure.

Penelitian ini menganalisis manajemen program pertukaran pelajar di SD Muhammadiyah Wirobrajan 3 dan SD Muhammadiyah Sokonandi Yogyakarta yang bertujuan meningkatkan mutu pendidikan dasar melalui pertukaran budaya dan pembelajaran global. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi. Informan penelitian meliputi kepala sekolah, pengelola program, guru pendamping, siswa, dan orang tua. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa manajemen program dilaksanakan melalui empat fungsi utama: (1) perencanaan, termasuk seleksi peserta dan pelatihan pra-keberangkatan; (2) pengorganisasian melalui tim kerja berbasis struktur manajemen sekolah; (3) pelaksanaan melalui interaksi langsung dengan mitra sekolah luar negeri; dan (4) evaluasi berkala melalui laporan dan jurnal peserta. Tantangan utama meliputi keterbatasan pendanaan, komunikasi lintas budaya, dan akses teknologi. Keberhasilan program sangat dipengaruhi oleh kepemimpinan kepala sekolah, kolaborasi antar pemangku kepentingan, dan manajemen hubungan publik yang efektif. Rekomendasi mencakup perluasan kemitraan, penguatan dukungan orang tua, dan inovasi dalam pelatihan siswa.