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The research titled “Legal Implications of Mixed Marriages between Indonesian Citizens and Foreign Nationals on the Citizenship Status of Minors” discusses the legal consequences arising from marriages between Indonesian citizens (WNI) and foreign nationals (WNA), particularly regarding the determination of the citizenship status of minors. Mixed marriages often create legal complexities due to differences in citizenship systems between countries, which affect the rights and legal standing of children. The research problems focus on two main issues: how Indonesian positive law regulates the citizenship status of children born from mixed marriages, and how the state provides legal protection for such children. This study employs a normative legal research method with a statutory approach, analyzing relevant laws, doctrines, and court decisions. The results show that although Law Number 12 of 2006 on Indonesian Citizenship has improved the previous system by recognizing limited dual citizenship for children, its implementation still faces several obstacles. Complicated bureaucracy, a lack of understanding among officials, and persistent discriminatory practices remain major challenges. Therefore, it is necessary to reform the legal framework and administrative system of citizenship management to ensure that the principles of non-discrimination and the best interests of the child are effectively and fairly realized.

This study aims to analyze the communication strategy implemented by Global Radio 88.4 FM Jakarta in maintaining its existence as a youth radio amidst the rapid growth of digital media. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, the study collects data through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation. The data obtained is analyzed using Cangara's communication strategy theory and George R. Terry's POAC (Planning, Organizing, Actuating, Controlling) management theory. The results show that Global Radio 88.4 FM Jakarta implements several key strategies, including program segmentation to meet the needs of young audiences, optimizing the use of social media such as TikTok and Instagram, and strengthening emotional relationships with listeners. The success of these strategies is influenced by well-planned content, efficient team organization, and flexible execution that responds to trends among the youth generation. However, amidst the growing competition in the digital world, challenges faced include changes in media consumption patterns and limited resources. This study provides insights into the importance of adapting communication strategies to maintain the existence of traditional radio in the digital era.

This study aims to describe the effectiveness of introducing sign language for the hijaiyah letters in the learning process for deaf children at the Dharma Wanita Special Needs School in Situbondo based on the experiences of female PPL students. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews. The subjects of the study were 5 female PPL students who directly taught the hijaiyah letters using sign language and 1 supervising teacher at the PPL location, namely at the Dharma Wanita Special Needs School in Situbondo. The results of the study indicate that the use of sign language for the hijaiyah letters is effective in helping deaf children recognize and understand Arabic letters, especially through a visual approach and consistent hand movements. Teachers also expressed that learning became more interesting and participatory. However, there are several challenges such as limited media and the need for longer time in delivering the material. This study concludes that sign language for the hijaiyah letters is a potential alternative learning strategy for deaf children.

Earnings quality refers to the accuracy of a company in presenting its earnings information. It reflects the quality of the company’s financial statements, indicating whether the reported earnings can be considered reliable or not. Earnings quality is influenced by several factors, one of which is the decision-making of the board of directors (CEO). The CEO is regarded as the most powerful individual within a company, exercising authority over corporate decisions, including the disclosure of financial information. In recent times, many women have taken on the role of CEO, and their presence is no longer underestimated. The purpose of this study is to provide empirical evidence on the effect of female CEO presence and CEO education on earnings quality. The research was conducted on all companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2019–2022 period. The sample size was determined using a saturated sampling method, resulting in 2,792 observations. Data were collected using a non-participant observation method, and the analysis technique employed was multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study show that female CEO presence and CEO education have no significant relationship with earnings quality.

The distribution of inheritance is an important issue in Indonesian society which adheres to a plural legal system, namely Islamic law, customary law, and western civil law. One of the issues that often raises differences of opinion is the position of biological children and adopted children as heirs. In Islamic law, the right to inherit is based on the relationship of the nasab so that the biological child gets a clear share, while the adopted child does not have the right to inherit but can still be given a share through a grant or obligatory will. In contrast, Toba Batak customary law emphasizes the patrilineal principle, whereby sons, including legitimate adopted children through mangain customary ceremonies, are positioned as the successors of the clan and are entitled to inheritance except hereditary inheritance. This study uses a literature study method by examining literature related to Islamic law and Batak Toba customary law and qualitatively analyzed. The results of the study show that the difference in principles between these two legal systems gives birth to social and legal conflicts in the Batak Muslim society, especially when religious and customary values must be carried out together. However, opportunities for harmonization remain open through the application of the principle of justice that recognizes the position of adopted children in customary structures, as well as upholding sharia by granting rights through the mechanism of compulsory wills. These findings emphasize the need for an integrative approach in resolving inheritance disputes in order to create legal certainty, social justice, and maintain cultural and religious harmony.

The development of digital technology has transformed children’s patterns of interaction through online games, which serve both as entertainment and transactional spaces. As digital consumers, children are entitled to protection equal to adults, yet they remain vulnerable to risks such as inappropriate content, fraud, data manipulation, and exploitation. Despite the existence of legal frameworks like the Consumer Protection Law, the Child Protection Law, and the Electronic Information and Transactions Law, this study reveals that these laws do not specifically address children as a vulnerable group in the digital environment. This research employs an empirical normative approach to highlight the shortcomings of current regulations. Given the rapidly growing use of digital platforms by children, stronger regulatory measures, greater parental involvement, and increased responsibility from platform providers are essential to ensure the fulfillment of children’s rights and provide adequate protection in the digital space. These findings emphasize the need for comprehensive legal reform to safeguard children’s digital rights.

This study aims to analyze the negative impact of learning pressure on early childhood development at Raudhatul Athfal (RA) Mawadah Warahmah Medan. The background of this research is based on the increasing academic demands on early childhood, particularly in reading, writing, and arithmetic skills, which are often inconsistent with their developmental stages. The research employed a qualitative method with data collection techniques including observation, interviews, and documentation. The results show that learning pressure negatively affects several aspects of child development, such as causing learning stress, reducing intrinsic motivation, limiting creativity, and hindering social- emotional growth. These findings emphasize that early childhood education should focus on play-based approaches, exploration, and holistic potential development rather than solely on academic achievement. The contribution of this research is expected to provide valuable insights for teachers, parents, and educational institutions regarding the importance of reducing academic pressure and implementing learning methods aligned with the principles of early childhood education.

This community service program aims to enhance the role of integrated health service posts (Posyandu) in monitoring child growth and development in Kenangan Baru Village, so that children in Kenangan Baru Village can grow and develop optimally. The research method used in this study was participatory action research (PAR) with a qualitative approach. This research was conducted in several stages: preparation, intervention, and evaluation. Through this community service program, it is hoped that it will make a significant contribution to improving the knowledge and skills of Posyandu cadres in monitoring child growth and development, as well as increasing parental awareness and participation in monitoring child growth and development at the Posyandu in Kenangan Baru Village. This activity also helps build community independence by increasing public awareness and participation in development activities. The Community Service Program (KKN) in Kenangan Baru Village was successfully implemented and had a positive impact on the community. Through coordination and introductions with the village office staff and Posyandu cadres, we were able to understand the existing conditions and design an appropriate work program.

This study is entitled Community-Based Non-Formal Education Model of PERMAI Guidance Center for Indonesian Immigrant Children in Penang, Malaysia. This center is an educational facility for Indonesian immigrant children in Malaysia who do not have official citizenship documents. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. The purpose of this study is to determine the education model used by the PERMAI Guidance Center as a community-based non-formal education institution for Indonesian immigrant children in Malaysia. The theory used in this study is the concept of Community-Based Non-Formal Education (PBK). The results of the study show that the educational curriculum used by the PERMAI Guidance Center is the Equivalency Education Curriculum (Packages A, B, and C). This curriculum is a non-formal education system equivalent to formal education (Package A is equivalent to elementary school, Package B is equivalent to junior high school, and Package C is equivalent to high school) recognized by the Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia. The adoption of this curriculum is the main pillar for providing legitimacy and recognition of the education received by immigrant children at the PERMAI Guidance Center. Meanwhile, the education model used reflects the theory of transnationalism. This is manifested in two key aspects, namely the preservation of identity and the curriculum of the country of origin, as well as functional needs in the host country.

This study explores teachers’ perceptions of the importance of the Indonesian language in developing communication skills among early childhood learners. As a national language and medium of unity, Indonesian plays a strategic role in children’s linguistic and social growth. The research applied a qualitative descriptive design, using interviews, observations, and documentation with teachers at TK Ar-Raudah in Banjar Regency. Findings reveal that teachers perceive Indonesian as a crucial foundation for enhancing children’s speaking, comprehension, and expressive abilities. The language also supports children’s confidence and social interaction in learning contexts. However, challenges remain, such as the dominance of regional languages and limited teaching resources. Teachers employ strategies combining local and Indonesian languages to build comprehension and comfort. The study concludes that systematic use of Indonesian from early childhood fosters better communication competence and strengthens national identity. Enhancing teacher training and parental involvement is recommended to optimize Indonesian language development in early childhood education.

Child sexual abuse is a severe problem that profoundly affects victims’ physical, psychological, and social well-being. The Deli Serdang Child Protection Institution (LPA) functions as a non-governmental organization providing recovery and rehabilitation services for victims of such abuse. This study aims to examine the implementation of psychosocial interventions for child sexual abuse victims at LPA Deli Serdang. Conducted in Deli Serdang Regency, the research involved several informants, including the Chairperson and Psychologist of LPA as key informants, two child victims identified by the initials Z and N as main informants, and four supporting informants consisting of the victims’ parents, the LPA Secretary, and Legal Staff. Data collection was carried out through literature review, observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The data were analyzed qualitatively to gain a comprehensive understanding of the psychosocial intervention process. The findings show that LPA Deli Serdang has fulfilled its role in accordance with Law No. 35 of 2014 on Child Protection, particularly in providing integrated services that address victims’ emotional and behavioral needs. Based on Nitimiharjo’s (2012) framework, psychosocial interventions implemented by LPA have contributed to positive improvements in the victims’ cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and environmental domains. Moreover, according to Caroline’s (2012) theory, individual and play therapy have been identified as the primary methods used to assist victims in the recovery process. Overall, these interventions have proven effective in supporting psychological healing and social reintegration for child sexual abuse victims under the institution’s care.

Forced marriage of children as debt repayment is an exploitative practice that violates human rights principles and child protection as stipulated in the 1945 Constitution, the Child Protection Law, and the Sexual Violence Criminal Law. This study uses a normative juridical method with a legislative and conceptual approach to examine legal views on the position of children in debt repayment, the relationship between unregistered marriages and forced marriage, and the forms of legal protection that can be provided to victims. The results of the analysis show that children cannot be used as objects of debt repayment because they are not included in the category of property according to the Civil Code, while the practice of unregistered marriage, which is often used as a shortcut, is not recognized by positive law. Forced marriage of children is classified as a form of economic and sexual exploitation that is subject to criminal sanctions. Therefore, it is necessary to limit the grounds for marriage dispensation, prohibit unregistered marriages for minors, and strengthen the implementation of regulations and public awareness campaigns to ensure the protection of children's rights and prevent similar practices in the future.

This study is based on the urgency of examining the inheritance rights of adopted children after their adoptive parents separate, examined from the perspective of Islamic law and positive regulations applicable in Indonesia. The main objective of this study is to analyze the legal status of adopted children and their inheritance rights after the adoptive parents' divorce based on both legal frameworks. The methodology used is a literature study by gathering information from various relevant references and regulations. The findings of this study indicate that under Islamic law, adopted children are not automatically entitled to inheritance, but can receive a gift, will, or mandatory will with a maximum limit of one-third of the adoptive parents' assets. Meanwhile, under Indonesian positive law, the inheritance rights of adopted children depend on the court's decision during the adoption process, and even though the adoptive parents have divorced, the inheritance rights remain recorded in accordance with the existing court decision. These findings reflect the need for legal certainty to protect the rights of adopted children and emphasize the importance of clear regulations to avoid inheritance conflicts after divorce. This study is expected to serve as a reference for policymakers and legal practitioners in addressing issues related to the inheritance rights of adopted children.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan efektivitas pemanfaatan lagu sebagai alat bantu dalam menghafal cerita Alkitab pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen (PAK) di kelas IV SD Kristen 03 Wonosobo. Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah rendahnya daya ingat siswa terhadap isi cerita Alkitab yang disampaikan secara konvensional melalui metode ceramah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode penelitian tindakan kelas (action research), yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus tindakan. Teknik pengumpulan data meliputi observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran dengan metode lagu dapat meningkatkan daya ingat siswa terhadap isi cerita Alkitab. Siswa menjadi lebih antusias, aktif, serta mampu menceritakan kembali isi cerita dengan lebih runtut dan lengkap. Penerapan lagu terbukti membantu siswa memahami isi cerita Alkitab secara lebih menyenangkan dan bermakna. Selain itu, metode ini juga memperkuat keterlibatan emosional dan sosial siswa dalam proses pembelajaran. Dengan demikian, lagu dapat dijadikan sebagai alternatif metode pembelajaran yang efektif dan kreatif dalam pengajaran PAK, khususnya untuk materi berbentuk naratif seperti cerita Alkitab.

Sharing love is a form of caring for others, especially for orphans in orphanages. On Friday 20 September 2024, we held a love sharing event by distributing green bean porridge to orphans at the Puteri Melati `Aisyiyah Orphanage in Sebengkok, Tarakan. This event aims to provide simple happiness and strengthen ties between the community and children in orphanages. Social activities such as sharing food are often considered trivial. In fact, for those living in orphanages, healthy and nutritious food is an important need that is sometimes difficult to meet regularly. By distributing green bean porridge, we not only provide nutritional intake that is beneficial for the body, but also provide happiness and new enthusiasm for the children there. This activity is a form of love that they can feel directly, both through the taste of the food they enjoy and through our presence who provides attention and care. Apart from that, green bean porridge has its own meaning in the tradition of sharing in Indonesian society. As a food that is often associated with moments of togetherness and mutual cooperation, green bean porridge is a symbol of simplicity and sincere love. When this porridge is distributed in orphanages, it is not just food, but becomes a symbol of concern from those who care about the welfare of the children there.  Social concern is an attitude of connection with humanity in general, an empathy for every member of the human community, for example female students. Community service is one of the media to hone student awareness in carrying out community service.

The formation of manners from an early age is crucial in building children's character with noble morals. Children at the Al-Quran Educational Park (TPA) often face challenges in understanding and applying adab values ​​in everyday life. This service activity aims to implement the Five Basic ABC Media as an intervention effort to increase understanding and application of etiquette among TPA children. This media is based on five main principles: Accept, Belief, Confidentiality, Empathy and Respect. The method used in this service is an interactive learning method involving 12 TPA children as subjects. Intervention is carried out through various educational activities, such as interactive games, manners simulations, discussions that focus on building positive character. The results of this service activity show that the application of the Five Basic ABC Media can provide practical understanding and ethical behavior to children, which is demonstrated through FGD activities. The conclusion from this service activity is that the Five Basic ABC Media is a fairly effective method in guiding TPA children to understand and apply etiquette in everyday life. It is hoped that this media can be a guide for TPA educators in developing character education based on Islamic values ​​in a comprehensive and enjoyable manner

Indonesia's rapid population growth, particularly among adolescents, has raised concerns regarding its social and reproductive health implications, including rising rates of unintended pregnancies, premarital sexual activity, and the spread of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). In response to these issues, the government issued Government Regulation (GR) No. 28 of 2024 as a derivative of Law No. 17 of 2023 on Health. One of its provisions regulates the provision of contraceptives for school-aged children and adolescents. This study aims to examine the implications of this provision in relation to religious values, social morality, and the direction of national health policy. The research employs a normative qualitative approach using juridical-philosophical analysis, along with an assessment of public responses, religious leaders’ perspectives, and the views of state institutions regarding the regulation. The findings indicate that Article 103 paragraph (4) letter e has sparked controversy due to the use of the term "provision," which is perceived as ambiguous and contradictory to religious norms particularly Islamic teachings and is viewed as potentially legitimizing premarital sexual behavior among students. These findings highlight the necessity for the government to reassess regulations that conflict with religious and local cultural values. Furthermore, the study advocates for strengthening preventive reproductive health education grounded in religious and moral principles, rather than directly providing contraceptives within school settings.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menafsir ulang makna iman anak berkebutuhan khusus melalui sudut pandang teologi disabilitas dalam konteks budaya serta pelayanan gerejawi di Indonesia. Anak berkebutuhan khusus, seperti autisme, sindrom down, hiperaktif, cerebral palsy, dan hambatan intelektual lainnya, acapkali dilihat dari sudut pandang medis atau psikologis saja. Sedangkan melalui sudut pandang spiritual mereka seringkali diabaikan atau dianggap tidak penting. Umumnya dalam banyak gereja, konsep iman masih sangat idealis, bergantung pada kapasitas intelektual dan kemampuan lisan. Hal ini mengakibatkan anak berkebutuhan khusus acapkali tidak bisa mengekspresikan iman yang "benar" sehingga seringkali dianggap kurang memiliki iman. Studi ini memakai metode penelitian literatur dengan mengkaji berbagai macam teori dan pendekatan dalam teologi disabilitas modern, seperti yang dikembangkan oleh tokoh seperti Amos Yong, John Swinton, maupun Thomas Reynolds. Studi ini juga mengaitkannya dalam konteks sosial-budaya dan konteks gerejawi di Indonesia. Artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa anak berkebutuhan khusus memiliki kapasitas spiritual yang asli, meskipun melalui cara pemahaman dan mengekspresikan iman yang berbeda dari anak reguler. Mereka dapat juga berperan aktif dalam lingkup liturgi dan aktivitas gerejawi. Dalam wilayah negara Indonesia, norma atau etika lokal seperti gotong royong, empati kolektif, serta penghargaan terhadap perbedaan dapat menjadi landasan berpikir teologis untuk membangun gereja yang lebih ramah anak berkebutuhan khusus. Kesimpulannya, penelitian ini mengundang gereja serta komunitas Kristen di Indonesia untuk memandang anak berkebutuhan khusus bukan hanya sebagai pihak yang menjadi sasaran pelayanan saja, namun juga sebagai subjek yang memiliki iman yang utuh, yang berharga, yang memiliki kontribusi spiritual yang dapat ikut serta membangun tubuh Kristus dalam kebhinekaan.

English literacy at early childhood is a crucial foundation for language development, cognitive growth, and academic readiness. TK Desa Bagi 01, despite its high academic achievements, faces several challenges in teaching English, including a busy daily schedule, limited learning time, and restricted access to interactive learning media. This community service program was designed to address these challenges by introducing English literacy to young learners in a creative and engaging manner while simultaneously enhancing teachers’ skills in employing interactive and contextually relevant teaching media. The program employed several methods: observation of current teaching practices, planning and development of creative learning media such as flashcards, posters, storybooks, and puppets, implementation of learning activities through play-based approaches, and evaluation of student and teacher outcomes. The results indicate a significant increase in student enthusiasm, active participation, and comprehension of basic English vocabulary. Teachers also demonstrated improved creativity and confidence in using various teaching media to support literacy learning. This program shows that English literacy can be effectively fostered in early childhood using simple, locally relevant, and sustainable media. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of teacher development in enhancing the quality of English learning in rural school contexts. Overall, the initiative provides a practical model for integrating interactive English literacy education in early childhood settings with long-term potential for rural education improvement.

Financial literacy is an essential skill that needs to be instilled from an early age so that the younger generation develops the ability and habit of managing money wisely. This study focuses on efforts to improve financial literacy through savings awareness among children in Ndeskati Village. The background of this research is based on the low understanding of children about the importance of saving and the lack of age-appropriate financial education facilities. The research method employed is a qualitative approach involving observation, interviews, and direct practice of saving activities through a simple program. The findings show that children begin to understand the concept of saving not only as storing money but also as a step toward achieving future goals. Furthermore, the active participation of parents and mentors plays an important role in building consistent saving habits. Through this financial literacy program based on savings awareness, it is expected to create a generation that is disciplined, responsible, and capable of managing finances properly from an early age.