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This study aimed to evaluate the effect of compost fertilizer and potassium chloride (KCl) fertilizer, as well as their interaction, on the growth and yield of sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata Sturt). The experiment was conducted from May to August 2022 in Kuning Village, Bambel District, Southeast Aceh, using a factorial randomized block design with two factors: compost dosage (480 g/plot, 960 g/plot, 1,440 g/plot) and KCl dosage (20 g/plot, 40 g/plot, 60 g/plot), each replicated three times for a total of 27 plots. Observed parameters included plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, days to flowering, ear length, and ear weight per plot. Results indicated that compost and KCl fertilizers significantly affected plant height, leaf area, days to flowering, and ear length, but had no significant effect on stem diameter or ear weight per plot. The interaction between compost and KCl produced the highest plant height (165.89 cm) and ear length (21.69 cm) in treatment K3C1. The findings suggest that optimal fertilization using compost and KCl can enhance sweet corn productivity by improving vegetative growth and reproductive development. Nevertheless, the absence of significant effects on stem diameter and ear weight per plot indicates that nutrient balance, especially nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), remains crucial for maximizing yields. Therefore, integrating compost and KCl with complementary sources of macronutrients could promote more consistent outcomes. This research also highlights the role of organic matter in enriching soil fertility, maintaining soil structure, and supporting sustainable agriculture. The combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers demonstrates the potential for eco-friendly crop management practices that balance productivity with environmental responsibility. These results provide valuable insights for farmers, agronomists, and policymakers in developing efficient fertilization strategies for sweet corn cultivation within local conditions.

This study examines the payment practices for haircut services at the Ma’had Al-Zaytun Barbershop through the lens of al-maslahah theory. Employing a qualitative field‐research design, data were collected via observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation analysis. Findings reveal a centralized payment system handled at the Al-Zaytun Store, accommodating both cash and cashless transactions. Cashless payments are processed by deducting students’ savings or via mobile banking for the general clientele. Classified as ḥājiyyah maslahah, this system facilitates financial record-keeping and offers flexible payment options. It also attains the ḍarūriyyah level by preventing losses and safeguarding the barbershop’s assets. The provision of receipts and precise financial reporting embodies the principles of justice, clarity, honesty, and social welfare. Nevertheless, the absence of a written policy on receipt validity may generate misunderstandings and weaken these principles. Overall, the payment practice aligns with the objectives of maqāṣid al-sharīʿah, particularly the protection of wealth (ḥifẓ al-māl).

This study comprehensively investigated the gap in English tense mastery among non-English students. Data were collected using a qualitative case study methodology from seven purposively selected informants through in-depth interviews and direct observation. Key findings reveal persistent challenges, including significant anxiety around using complex tenses, the widespread influence of mother tongue interference (given the absence of explicit tense conjugations in Indonesian), and the limited effectiveness of traditional non-contextual grammar teaching. The observations also highlight a critical gap: although students use digital devices extensively, their engagement with English content is minimal, directly contributing to lower writing and speaking practice assessment scores. Instead, the unexpected finding was the student's remarkable ability to internalize the 16th pattern of the English tenses through memorization in just thirty minutes. These insights underscore the urgent need for innovative, contextual, and confidence-building pedagogical strategies to bridge the gap between theoretical understanding and practical application, enhancing language acquisition and professional communication skills.

The community in Sumberkalong Village, Wonosari District, Bondowoso Regency faces several issues related to the use of Family Medicinal Plants (TOGA), including lack of knowledge, underutilized home gardens, and the absence of active community groups managing TOGA. A participatory approach is needed to address these issues sustainably. This community service activity aims to improve public knowledge and skills regarding the cultivation and utilization of TOGA, promote the optimal use of home gardens, and establish community-based TOGA activist groups. The method used is Participatory Action Research (PAR) through stages of problem identification, participatory planning, collaborative implementation, observation, reflection, and follow-up actions. The results show increased public awareness and enthusiasm in cultivating TOGA, the formation of small TOGA groups, and program sustainability through cooperation between residents and local health cadres.

Liver disease is a health problem that often goes undetected in its early stages due to the absence of specific symptoms, despite the liver's vital role in metabolism, detoxification, and maintaining homeostasis. Early detection is crucial to prevent the progression of liver dysfunction. This community service activity aimed to raise public awareness of the importance of early liver disease screening through the examination of lipid ratios (total cholesterol/HDL and triglycerides/HDL) and physical evaluation for clinical signs of liver dysfunction. The program was conducted at the Cengkareng Baptist Foundation and involved 59 adult participants. The screening included basic laboratory tests and direct physical examinations, followed by health education tailored to each participant based on their screening results. Findings revealed that 83.1% of participants had elevated triglyceride/HDL ratios and 28.8% had total cholesterol/HDL ratios above the normal range, although 100% showed no physical signs suggestive of liver disease. These results indicate the presence of underlying metabolic risks that may affect liver function. This program had a positive impact by enhancing public understanding of the importance of a healthy lifestyle and regular check-ups as part of health promotion and disease prevention efforts related to liver health. Keywords: Early Detection, Liver Function, Lipid Ratio, Health Education, Community Service

Protection of well-known trademarks is a crucial aspect of intellectual property systems, especially in the face of global trade dynamics and the development of digital technologies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of legal protection for owners of well-known trademarks from the perspective of court decisions in Indonesia. Using a qualitative method based on a normative juridical approach and case studies of court rulings (including the Hugo Boss and Superman cases), this research reveals that trademark protection in Indonesia remains reactive, dependent on litigation, and has not fully prevented the registration of confusingly similar trademarks by parties acting in bad faith. Moreover, the absence of objective standards for defining well-known trademarks and indicators of bad faith weakens legal certainty. On the other hand, courts have begun to show consistency in rejecting trademark registrations that violate the principles of well-known trademark protection, although this has yet to be supported by an adequate administrative system from the Directorate General of Intellectual Property (DJKI). The study recommends the establishment of technical regulations, strengthening DJKI’s capacity, and integrating protection systems with international norms as strategic steps to reinforce legal protection for owners of well-known trademarks in Indonesia.

process standardization, and system optimization. The study concludes that the HOT-FIT model is This study evaluates the performance of the outpatient registration information system at RSUD Komodo using the Human-Organization-Technology Fit (HOT-FIT) framework. Hospital Information Systems, particularly in the outpatient registration process, are crucial for supporting service efficiency and data accuracy. However, RSUD Komodo has experienced several challenges in the implementation of its SIMRS module, including system slowdowns, sudden monitor failures, and unstable internet connectivity during service hours. These issues hinder operational effectiveness and risk compromising service quality. The objective of this research is to assess system performance comprehensively across human, organizational, and technological dimensions. A qualitative descriptive design was employed, involving in-depth interviews with five key informants: registration staff, IT personnel, coder, head of the medical records unit, and head of the casemix team. The findings show that in the human dimension, users lacked sufficient training and adaptation strategies. In the organizational aspect, weak coordination and the absence of standardized procedures were identified. In the technology dimension, hardware malfunctions and slow system performance significantly disrupted services. These interconnected issues reveal the need for capacity buildingan effective tool for evaluating hospital information systems, offering a structured approach to identifying and resolving performance gaps in outpatient service modules.

The rapid development of digital technology in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution has significantly impacted Indonesia’s legal framework, particularly concerning digital privacy protection. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 as an amendment to Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (UU ITE) in protecting digital privacy during the administration of President Joko Widodo. This research uses a normative legal method with a statutory and content analysis approach to examine digital legal policy. The findings show that, although there have been advances in regulation and law enforcement, digital privacy protection in Indonesia remains fragmented and has not fully adapted to the dynamic development of technology. The absence of a comprehensive legal framework and delays in the enactment of a dedicated data protection law are major challenges. The implications of this study highlight the urgency of formulating more progressive and holistic legal policies, along with adaptive regulations to ensure the protection of individual rights in the digital sphere.

This study investigates the increasing divorce rate in Indonesia, particularly among the poor, by identifying key factors and exploring the role of face-to-face legal socialization in addressing this issue. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, the research includes a case study of a female informant who experienced divorce. The findings indicate that divorce is not attributed to a single cause but results from a combination of factors, including incompatibility from the outset of the marriage, the husband's absence, economic instability, conflicts with extended family, and poor communication within the household. Furthermore, the study reveals that face-to-face legal socialization proves more effective in enhancing legal understanding and creating an open space for discussion, despite challenges such as limited access and community participation. The research emphasizes the need for a more empathetic and communicative approach in divorce prevention efforts, particularly at the grassroots level, to address the underlying issues contributing to divorce.  

The development of tourist villages is one of the strategic efforts to maximize local potential while improving community welfare. Tourist villages not only focus on the exploration of natural and cultural resources but also involve local communities as the main subjects in management. Tanjungsari Village, Sadananya District, Ciamis Regency, has natural tourism potential that can be developed into a tourist village, one of which is Curug Panganten which is a water tourism. However, it has not run optimally, several problems have hampered its development, such as the lack of competent tourist village managers and the absence of village regulations (Perdes) as a legal basis for tourism management. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and literature studies. The data obtained were analyzed to understand the characteristics and obstacles faced in the development of tourist villages. The results of the study show that the potential for Curug Panganten tourism in Tanjungsari Village has not been managed optimally due to the lack of human resources trained in tourism management and the absence of regulations that systematically regulate tourism management and development. In addition, community involvement and support from the local government still need to be improved to create a sustainable tourist village. The hope for the future is that the formation of Perdes can be the first step in realizing a more structured tourism management, followed by training for tourism managers to increase capacity and professionalism. With clear regulations and good management, Tanjungsari Village is expected to develop into a competitive tourist destination and provide economic and social benefits for the local community.

Traffic congestion in Bandar Lampung City has led to the emergence of volunteer traffic controllers, commonly known as Pak Ogah. Their presence has sparked mixed reactions from the public. Some view them as helpful in maintaining traffic flow in the absence of traffic police, while others consider their actions to cause disturbances, traffic jams, and illegal levies. One of the most controversial actions is the forced opening of road barriers without proper authorization and outside the scheduled times, which violates Law Number 22 of 2009 on Road Traffic and Transportation. This study addresses two main issues: the functionalization of criminal law against Supeltas (volunteer traffic controllers) who unlawfully open road barriers, and the policies of the traffic police (Polantas) regarding their presence. This research uses normative and empirical juridical methods, with data collected through literature studies and field interviews with four key informants. The findings reveal that such actions constitute legal violations that can jeopardize road safety and public order. Firm legal enforcement is essential, yet specific regulations concerning Supeltas are still lacking. This study recommends guidance and supervision by law enforcement, particularly traffic police, and the application of criminal sanctions in accordance with existing legal provisions.

Restorative justice is an alternative approach in the criminal justice system that focuses on restoring losses arising from criminal acts, as well as efforts for dialogue between perpetrators, victims, and the community. In the context of drug abuse in Indonesia, this approach is beginning to be considered as a more humane solution compared to conventional punishment, especially for addicts or users who are essentially victims of dependence. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the application of restorative justice in resolving drug abuse cases in Indonesia. The method used in this study is a juridical-normative approach with case studies and qualitative analysis of laws and regulations, law enforcement policies, and their implementation in the field. The results of the study indicate that although the concept of restorative justice has significant potential in encouraging rehabilitation and social reintegration for drug users, its implementation still faces various challenges, including the absence of clear regulations, community stigma, and resistance from some law enforcement officers. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen regulations, training for officers, and public education to support the success of this approach in the drug criminal justice system in Indonesia.

Mossak Batak Toba is a traditional martial art originating from the Batak Toba ethnic group in North Sumatra, passed down through generations. Characterized by swift, agile, and powerful movements, Mossak is not only a physical discipline but also embodies spiritual values such as courage, discipline, and loyalty. This study aims to identify and analyze the potential of Mossak Batak as a tourist attraction in Toba Regency from cultural, economic, and social perspectives, and to formulate strategies for optimizing its potential amid various existing challenges. This research employs a descriptive qualitative method, utilizing observation, interviews, and documentation as data collection techniques, with descriptive analysis and SWOT analysis as analytical tools. The findings reveal that Mossak Batak holds significant cultural value as an intangible heritage, economic potential through performances and cultural tourism training, and a social role in reinforcing local identity and pride. However, challenges such as limited digital promotion, the absence of educational materials, weak stakeholder coordination, and low community participation remain. The study concludes that with proper strategies—such as cross-sector collaboration, effective digital promotion, and the development of local cultural festivals—Mossak Batak can be elevated as a prominent tourist attraction in Toba Regency. This not only contributes to cultural preservation but also supports local economic growth and strengthens the global recognition of Batak cultural identity.

This study examines the government's accountability for the collapse of the National Data Center (Pusat Data Nasional, PDN) due to a cyber attack from an Administrative Law perspective. The increasing reliance on digital technology has made e-government systems more vulnerable to cyber threats, as evidenced by the PDN Surabaya incident in June 2024. The objective of this research is to analyze the government's responsibility in safeguarding personal data and ensuring the continuity of public services. This study explores key legal frameworks, including the Personal Data Protection Law, Presidential Regulations on the Electronic-Based Government System (Sistem Pemerintahan Berbasis Elektronik, SPBE), and other relevant regulations governing cybersecurity and administrative responsibility.The research employs a normative legal research method with a statutory approach, analyzing legal provisions and their application in addressing cyber incidents affecting government-operated databases. The findings reveal that the government can be held accountable through various administrative measures, including the imposition of administrative sanctions, mandatory public notifications, and legal proceedings in administrative courts. However, the study also identifies significant challenges in implementing these measures due to the absence of a dedicated supervisory agency responsible for overseeing the security and resilience of e-government infrastructure. The lack of clear mechanisms for enforcement further complicates accountability efforts.Therefore, this study highlights the urgency of strengthening cybersecurity governance, establishing an independent supervisory body, and enhancing legal frameworks to ensure better protection of personal data and the reliability of digital public services. By addressing these gaps, the government can improve public trust and minimize future cyber risks.

Supervision should be scheduled and programmed, and if conducted continuously, it can ensure that nursing care is delivered in accordance with nursing practice standards. According to data in Indonesia, the average supervision by ward heads is categorized as less than satisfactory at 49.3%, while only 50.7% is considered good. This indicates that ward heads in various hospital departments are perceived as less effective by nurses in implementing their leadership, particularly regarding supervision. A pre-survey revealed the absence of a scheduled supervision timetable, guidelines/SOPs for supervision, and documentation of supervision results. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of supervision at the surgical ward of Pringsewu Regional Public Hospital. Data collection methods, conducted on November 9, 2024, included interviews, questionnaires, and observations. The findings identified a nursing management issue: the suboptimal implementation of supervision at the surgical ward of Pringsewu Regional Public Hospital. The planned activities included socialization on the application of supervision, supervision flow, and optimal supervision techniques. The implementation of these activities took place on December 20, 2024, through the socialization of supervision practices. The evaluation results after the socialization in the surgical ward showed that supervision was being carried out effectively. The ward head, team leader, and five nurses recognized the critical importance of supervision in improving the quality of care in the surgical ward. It is expected that the ward head (supervisor) will conduct supervision according to the established schedule, guidelines, and job descriptions, thereby enhancing the quality of nursing care in the surgical ward to achieve optimal outcomes.

The title of this study is a strategy to increase the faith of SEKAMI through the use of tik-tok social media at Stasi Kristus Raja Semesta Alam Suga-Suga. The focus of the research stems from the researcher's concerns about the support of SEKAMI, which does not have a strategy or approach to address SEKAMI children on a case-by-case basis. The main problem identified is the lack of understanding of the development of the situation, hence the absence of a good strategy to exploit the situation, especially in terms of technology that displays different types of social media, including tik-tok. social media. The purpose of this research is to look at, which includes tik-tok social media, which is one of the methods that can be used to increase the trust of SEKAMİ. The research method used is qualitative research. The selection of research sites and subjects was done through random sampling and random sampling. Miles and Huberman model was used to analyze the data. The analysis was performed in three stages: data reduction, data presentation, and data control. The framework is to explain's strategy of using tik-tok social media to SEKAMI trust. Based on research, the research results illustrate that SEKAMI facilitators will collaborate tik-tok social media with SEKAMI activities because they have found various strategies to utilize tik-tok social media as one of the tools that can be used in increasing SEKAMI's

Nikah siri is a marriage conducted without official state registration, resulting in significant legal implications for women and children. Religiously, this type of marriage is considered valid; however, from the perspective of state law, the lack of official registration causes women to lose their rights as wives, such as financial support, inheritance rights, and legal protection within the household. Additionally, women in nikah siri marriages do not have a strong legal basis to file for divorce or claim their rights in court. Meanwhile, children born from nikah siri marriages only have a civil relationship with their mother, making it difficult for them to obtain a birth certificate that includes their father's name, inheritances, and rights to care and education from their father. This study aims to analyze the impact of nikah siri on women's and children's rights from a legal perspective and examine the role of itsbat nikah as a legal instrument in providing certainty and protection for affected women and children. This research employs a literature study method with content analysis of various legal texts and related regulations. The findings indicate that the absence of official registration for nikah siri leads to legal uncertainty, resulting in the loss of various rights for women and children. Itsbat nikah serves as a crucial solution to provide legal recognition and protection for those affected. Therefore, official marriage registration is essential to prevent various legal issues that could harm women and children within Indonesia’s legal system.

Community empowerment based on groups is an effective strategy to achieve food security in Lumban Gurning Village. This study aims to identify the potential and challenges in increasing food availability. With a participatory approach, community groups were formed to manage local resources sustainably. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, field observations, and surveys. The analysis was conducted using the SWOT method and descriptive analysis. The results showed that empowerment groups were able to increase food production, diversify crops, and reduce dependence on external food. This initiative also raised awareness of the importance of a healthy diet and balanced nutrition, and facilitated the use of information technology for marketing local products. However, challenges such as access to capital, unmet weather, and infrastructure still need to be overcome. Collaboration between the government, non-governmental organizations, and the private sector is needed to support the absence of this program. By strengthening the capacity of community groups, it is hoped that Lumban Gurning Village can achieve better food security and encourage sustainable development.

Community empowerment based on groups is an effective strategy to achieve food security in Lumban Gurning Village. This study aims to identify the potential and challenges in increasing food availability. With a participatory approach, community groups were formed to manage local resources sustainably. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, field observations, and surveys. The analysis was conducted using the SWOT method and descriptive analysis. The results showed that empowerment groups were able to increase food production, diversify crops, and reduce dependence on external food. This initiative also raised awareness of the importance of a healthy diet and balanced nutrition, and facilitated the use of information technology for marketing local products. However, challenges such as access to capital, unmet weather, and infrastructure still need to be overcome. Collaboration between the government, non-governmental organizations, and the private sector is needed to support the absence of this program. By strengthening the capacity of community groups, it is hoped that Lumban Gurning Village can achieve better food security and encourage sustainable development.

This research describes the Implementation of Population Administration Policies on Administrative Vulnerable Populations (Study on Suku Anak Dalam in Bungo Regency, Jambi Province). Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that the implementation of population administration in administratively vulnerable populations such as Suku Anak Dalam (SAD) has been implemented by the Bungo District Government through the Bungo District Population and Civil Registration Office, but only a small proportion of SAD residents are recorded and obtain population documents. This is due to the absence of specific regulations governing the data collection and recording of administratively vulnerable populations such as SAD. In addition, the causes of the lack of optimal administration of administratively vulnerable populations such as SAD in Bungo Regency, Jambi Province are limited resources and funds, as well as natural factors due to the distance from the city, a nomadic and closed lifestyle, plus language problems that are difficult to understand. Therefore, in order to achieve Orderly Population Administration specifically for vulnerable populations such as SAD, there needs to be a policy that applies specifically to SAD residents in addition to policies that apply generally in population administration data collection. In addition, the relevant agencies can carry out cross-sectoral cooperation and need to make special plans regarding the financing of data collection and form a Special Officer Unit to carry out data collection of administratively vulnerable populations such as SAD in the Bungo Regency area.