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Social loans are an important tool for developing local economies, especially in remote areas such as rural areas. The Indonesian Village City Savings and Loan Cooperative (KSU) is one of the business entities that provides loan capital to its members. The purpose of this study is to determine the mechanism of social loan agreements in the Multipurpose Cooperative (KSU) of the Indonesian Village City and to determine the perspective of Islamic Economic Law on loan agreements in the Multipurpose Cooperative (KSU) of the Indonesian Village City. This research method uses a descriptive research type with a qualitative approach. Data collection was carried out through observation and interviews with the Management and members of the Savings and Loan Cooperative (KSU) of the Indonesian City Village. The results of the study show that first, the loan application procedure involves several steps such as becoming a member, filling out forms, completing documents and the approval stage. The maximum loan provision is 80% of the savings balance with a loan tenor of 12 months and 18 months. The payment system is made in installments through salary deductions and is subject to a 5% interest. For borrowing members who are late, there are no sanctions or fines but there is a time dispensation. Second, the loan application and management mechanism at the Multipurpose Cooperative has met sharia principles through transparent and structured governance, such as deductions from salary installments and a guarantee policy provided in the form of the amount of member savings balances. However, social loans at the Multipurpose Cooperative contain an element of benefit (profit) of 5%, which according to some scholars can be classified as usury because of the addition of value to the principal loan, even though the benefit is returned to members through the Business Result Remainder (SHU).

This study aims to examine the effect of investment in fixed assets, financial performance, and thin capitalization on tax avoidance in non-financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2023. The research utilizes 431 company samples and employsAmultiple linear regression analysis. A descriptive quantitative method with a purposive sampling technique is applied, ensuring that only companies meeting specific criteria are included in the study. The findings.indicate that, simultaneously, the three independent variables have a significant influence on tax avoidance. However, when tested individually, more detailed results emerge. The variable of.investment in fixed assets does not show a significant effect on tax avoidance, suggesting that the size of fixed assets does not necessarily determine a company’s level of tax avoidance. In contrast, financial performance demonstrates a positive effect, indicating that companies with.stronger performance tend to have a greater ability to engage in tax planning. Meanwhile, thin capitalization has a negative effect, meaning that a higher proportion of certain types of debt tends to reduce the level of tax avoidance. These findings provide a more comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing tax avoidance behavior in Indonesia.

This study aims to analyze the influence of the number of reviews, online review ratings, and price on the purchasing decisions of Maybelline cosmetic products on the Lazada marketplace, using a case study of consumers in Wringinanom. The rapid development of digital technology has transformed consumer behavior in online shopping, where customer reviews and ratings have become essential considerations before making a purchase. Additionally, price plays a crucial role in influencing final purchase decisions. This research uses a quantitative approach with an explanatory research type. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 96 respondents who had purchased Maybelline products on Lazada. The data analysis techniques used include validity and reliability tests, multiple linear regression, t-test, F-test, and the coefficient of determination, processed with SPSS version 25. The results indicate that partially, the number of reviews, online review ratings, and price significantly influence purchasing decisions. Simultaneously, all three variables have a significant impact on purchasing decisions for Maybelline products on the Lazada marketplace. These findings provide important implications for online businesses to pay closer attention to customer reviews and pricing strategies to better influence consumer purchase behavior.

Diabetes Mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. Hyperglycemia is a medical condition in the form of an increase in glucose levels beyond normal limits which is a characteristic of several diseases, especially Diabetes Mellitus, in addition to various other conditions. Diabetes Mellitus is currently a global health threat. Classification is one of the techniques of data mining that can be used to help predict the results of the classification of types of diabetes using the naïve Bayes algorithm. Testing was carried out using 5 evaluation models including rapid miner with 3 options, namely use training set, 5 Fold Cross-Validation, 10 Fold Cross-Validation, and 2 other evaluation models, namely Microsoft Excel and Python. Testing data regarding Diabetes Mellitus has high accuracy in the excel evaluation model, which is 89.00% compared to other evaluation models. Meanwhile, the lowest accuracy is the Python evaluation model which obtains an accuracy of 86.36%. The Naïve Bayes algorithm can be said to be one of the most effective algorithms, both in terms of calculations and the final results, where the test can be used as a basis for diabetes mellitus considering the accuracy results are above 85%.

This study aims to classify customer payment methods at 17 Coffee & Eatery using machine learning algorithms, namely Naïve Bayes and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The increasing use of digital and non-cash payments has generated large volumes of transaction data that are rarely analyzed optimally, even though such data contain valuable information for business decision making. This research used secondary transaction data collected from January to March 2025, consisting of 10,147 transaction records. The dataset included several attributes such as order time, payment time, transaction type, total sales, number of items, and payment method. Data preprocessing was performed through data cleaning, feature engineering, normalization, and label encoding before being divided into training and testing sets with an 80:20 ratio. The Naïve Bayes and SVM models were then trained and evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and ROC–AUC metrics. The results show that both algorithms were able to classify payment methods effectively, but SVM achieved higher accuracy and more stable performance than Naïve Bayes. These findings indicate that SVM is more suitable for handling complex and heterogeneous transaction patterns. The implementation of machine learning for transaction classification can support more efficient financial management and data-driven decision making for small and medium enterprises in the culinary sector.

Sarcasm is a literary device and one of the most expressive forms of figurative language, often used to convey humor, criticism, or emotional tension in both daily conversation and literature. This study explores the use of sarcasm in William Shakespeare‟s Much Ado About Nothing by applying Elizabeth Camp‟s (2011) typology, which classifies sarcasm into four types: propositional, lexical, illocutionary, and like-prefixed sarcasm. Using a qualitative descriptive method, the researchers collected all sarcastic utterances from the play, classified them according to Camp‟s framework, and analyzed their pragmatic functions in the dramatic context. The findings reveal a total of 50 sarcastic utterances, with propositional sarcasm being the most frequent (42%), followed by illocutionary sarcasm (28%), lexical sarcasm (24%), and like-prefixed sarcasm (6%). These results indicate that sarcasm serves as both a comedic and dramatic device, shaping character interactions, driving conflicts, and reinforcing Elizabethan cultural norms. Beatrice and Benedick‟s witty verbal duels exemplify how sarcasm fosters humor and intimacy, while Claudio‟s sarcasm highlights themes of honor and social tension. Overall, the study demonstrates that sarcasm in Shakespeare‟s play is not merely humorous banter but a sophisticated rhetorical strategy that enhances characterization, thematic depth, and audience engagement.

This study aims to examine business models in the gypsum sector by utilizing the Business Model Canvas (BMC) framework. The gypsum business is one of the fields that is growing rapidly in line with the increasing need for residential construction, building renovation, and aesthetic and functional interior design. However, to be able to survive and compete in an increasingly competitive market, gypsum business actors are required to have a business model that is structured, adaptive, and value-oriented for customers. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive type of research. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews and direct observation of Nury Gipsum's business located in Klaten Regency. The results show that all nine elements in the Business Model Canvas, namely key partners, key activities, key resources, value offerings, customer relationships, distribution channels, customer segments, cost structure, and revenue streams, have been optimally implemented. Thus, the Business Model Canvas has proven to be effective in providing a comprehensive overview of business operations and can be a strategic basis for decision-making and gypsum business development in the future.

Rapid adoption of cashless payments has reshaped everyday spending, especially among young consumers. While e-wallets deliver speed and convenience, constant exposure to discounts, cashbacks, and one-click checkouts may also foster more frequent discretionary purchases. This study examines the relationship between e-wallet usage intensity and consumptive lifestyle, focusing on how convenience and promotional stimuli relate to spending tendencies. Using a cross-sectional online survey of students and early-career workers, we collected self-reports on payment habits and consumption patterns with validated Likert-type instruments. Data were screened and analyzed with correlation and linear regression after basic assumption checks. The results indicate a positive and statistically meaningful association between e-wallet usage and consumptive lifestyle; respondents who transact more often via e-wallets tend to report stronger preferences for instant gratification, hedonic purchases, and impulse buying. Convenience features (e.g., stored cards, fast checkout) and promotional exposure (e.g., limited-time deals) emerged as salient correlates of the relationship. The findings add contextual evidence from Indonesia’s digital economy and suggest practical implications for users, platforms, and educators. Financial-wellbeing interventions such as digital budgeting tips, in-app nudges, spend limits, or post-purchase reflections may help align seamless payments with healthier consumption decisions. Future work can test causal mechanisms and evaluate design features that encourage prudent, goal-consistent spending without diminishing user experience.

This study aims to analyze the factors influencing Wizzmie customer purchasing decision model in Semarang City: shopping experience involvement as a mediating variable. This study is a type of quantitative research with primary data sources in the form of questionnaires. The sampling method in this study uses the Hair formula which obtained 140 research samples. The analyzed data used in this study is the Structural Equation Model (SEM) with Smart PLS 3.0 software. The results of this study state that store atmosphere and shopping experience have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. Conversely, brand image, social media marketing, and service quality do not have a significant direct effect on purchasing decisions. However, shopping experience is proven to be able to mediate the influence of store atmosphere, social media marketing, and service quality on purchasing decisions. Thus, although not all variables have a direct effect on purchasing decisions, some of them can indirectly influence through shopping experience as a mediating variable.

In this case, it refers to the purpose of the content in this final assignment, namely by compiling a schedule for the Implementation of KM.Mutiara Ferindo 5 Ship Maintenance during the docking process at the PT.PAL Indonesia shipyard. Making a schedule includes what components are repaired while the ship is in the shipyard, making a schedule for managing ship maintenance that has been carried out at the shipyard. The data used in this thesis is data from PT.Antosim Lampung Pelayaran Surabaya and the researcher himself. The type of data used in this study is Primary data, in this Primary data the researcher will obtain data obtained directly from the statements of the workers who will be related to the problem being studied and the results of questionnaires distributed to several employees related to this study. In the implementation of repairs, there is a list of jobs that show how many work items must be done. So this list of jobs has been approved to be carried out in the ship repair process. The repair work of the KM. Mutiara Ferindo 5 ship which carries out planned repairs both at the shipyard and when the ship anchors at sea carries out technical and economical maintenance. Repair work on RO-RO vessels involves extensive maintenance, as determined by the ship's office and authorized crew members. The repair work on the KM Mutiara Ferindo 5 was well-planned, including safety equipment and components that play a crucial role in the smooth operation of the ship (maintenance of the entire engine room, deck, safety equipment, and maintenance of the ship's interior and exterior). An economic system was implemented to estimate the remaining funds after maintenance at the shipyard.

Sarcasm is a literary device and one of the most expressive forms of figurative language, often used to convey humor, criticism, or emotional tension in both daily conversation and literature. This study explores the use of sarcasm in William Shakespeare‟s Much Ado About Nothing by applying Elizabeth Camp‟s (2011) typology, which classifies sarcasm into four types: propositional, lexical, illocutionary, and like-prefixed sarcasm. Using a qualitative descriptive method, the researchers collected all sarcastic utterances from the play, classified them according to Camp‟s framework, and analyzed their pragmatic functions in the dramatic context. The findings reveal a total of 50 sarcastic utterances, with propositional sarcasm being the most frequent (42%), followed by illocutionary sarcasm (28%), lexical sarcasm (24%), and like-prefixed sarcasm (6%). These results indicate that sarcasm serves as both a comedic and dramatic device, shaping character interactions, driving conflicts, and reinforcing Elizabethan cultural norms. Beatrice and Benedick‟s witty verbal duels exemplify how sarcasm fosters humor and intimacy, while Claudio‟s sarcasm highlights themes of honor and social tension. Overall, the study demonstrates that sarcasm in Shakespeare‟s play is not merely humorous banter but a sophisticated rhetorical strategy that enhances characterization, thematic depth, and audience engagement.

The mathematics learning outcomes of students at SMP Negeri 3 Bontang on Rational Numbers are still relatively low. Data from the 2019 National Examination (UN) shows an average math score of 46.43, which is in the "poor" category. Summative assessment results indicate that most students have not yet achieved the Learning Objective Achievement Criteria (KKTP). This situation indicates that the learning process tends to be conventional and lacks active student engagement. Therefore, a more innovative learning model is needed, one of which is the Team Games Tournament (TGT), which combines group work, competition, and educational games. This study aims to determine the effect of the TGT learning model on the mathematics learning outcomes of seventh-grade students at SMP Negeri 3 Bontang in the topic of Rational Numbers. This study used a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental type and a Posttest-Only Control Group Design. The study population was 203 seventh-grade students in the 2024/2025 academic year, with a sample consisting of class VII A as the experimental group (33 students) and class VII F as the control group (34 students), selected through a purposive sampling technique. The research instrument was a five-item essay test. The analysis results showed that the average posttest of the experimental group was 67.848, higher than the control group at 61.794. The Independent Sample t-Test produced a significance value of 0.031 <0.05, so H₀ was rejected. This indicates that the Team Games Tournament (TGT) learning model has a significant effect on improving students' mathematics learning outcomes in the Rational Numbers material.

During the coal stockpiling process, the quality of coal may increase or decrease due to direct exposure to open environmental conditions, which can lead to changes in its characteristics. The longer the coal is stored in an open area, the more it undergoes changes caused by rainfall, heat, and air exposure, resulting in an increase in moisture content and ash content, while the calorific value decreases. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the optimal coal stockpiling duration at the ROM coal stockpile to ensure that the calorific value does not significantly decrease. Coal sampling was carried out every two days from the initial time of stockpiling. After a two-month stockpiling period, the final coal quality results showed a total moisture of 13.89% (ar), inherent moisture of 15.95% (ad), ash content of 4.59% (ad), volatile matter of 40.3% (ad), and fixed carbon of 39.16% (ad). Based on these results, it can be concluded that the recommended storage duration for MCV-HS type coal at the ROM coal stockpile is 154 days. The laboratory analysis results obtained during the research indicate that the longer the coal is stored, the higher the moisture content and ash content become, while the calorific value continues to decrease. This occurs due to water absorption and oxidation reactions that take place during the coal storage period in the ROM coal stockpile.

Abortion remains a complex reproductive health issue due to the interplay of multiple interrelated determinants. This study aimed to map the factors influencing the incidence of abortion based on recent scientific evidence. A literature review design was applied by analyzing ten selected articles published within the last five years and retrieved from major scientific databases. The selection process was conducted systematically through title, abstract, and full-text screening based on predefined inclusion criteria. The extracted data included study characteristics, type of abortion, examined determinants, and key conclusions. The synthesized findings indicate that abortion incidence is shaped by a combination of biological, social, and healthcare system related factors. Clinical determinants such as maternal age, endocrine disorders, uterine anatomical abnormalities, obstetric history, anemia, and hypertension play a substantial role in spontaneous and recurrent miscarriage. In contrast, structural factors including income level, contraceptive access, and legal regulations predominantly influence induced abortion. The discussion highlights that abortion should not be viewed as an isolated clinical event, but rather as the cumulative outcome of risks operating across multiple levels of influence. In conclusion, abortion represents a multifactorial phenomenon that requires comprehensive prevention strategies extending beyond medical interventions alone. These strategies should also address healthcare accessibility and broader social conditions. This review contributes to a deeper understanding of the complexity of abortion determinants and provides an evidence-based reference for developing more effective preventive approaches in the future.

This research is purposely conducted to evaluate and compare the effectiveness, efficiency, applicability  and appropriateness of modern firefighting systems installed on board ships. As a result, the review attempt to  ascertain the significance of firefighting systems on ships in terms of their safety, types, structure, principles as  well as installations. In this way, the review tries to justify the importance of these systems on board ships. The design of this survey revolves around three basic elements that incorporate the complete firefighting  procedure. These components include: modern technology of firefighting, different types of systems that are  used on board ships and people traits in terms of drilling, firefighting training to deal with any incident of fire.  In the previous decade, the globe has experienced massive destructions, harms and injuries resulting from fire incidents on ships. This has triggered and ignited enhanced fabrication and staging of new practices,  technologies and inventions aimed at efficiently deal with fire incidents so as to support the safekeeping and  reliability on these fire systems on board ships. Equally, through this technological enhancement, the  firefighting systems have been designed to facilitate rapid detection capable of differentiating between real  smokes or flames indicators in case of a fire event on board ship. In recent times, these technological  developments have been viewed as strategies that help ship owners to ensure better protection of the crew’s life,  ship’s inventories as well as minimising on the possible losses that occur as a result of fire events on board ship.  Therefore, with the review of the recent or latest methods and technologies for speedy fire detection on ships,  the review demonstrates enhancement attributes, features and qualities of these new systems. Additionally, the  paper critically evaluates the components of these firefighting systems, as well as looking at their competences,  capabilities, benefits and applicability on board ships.

Corrective maintenance is one of the maintenance strategies performed after system failures or malfunctions occur, particularly in diesel power plants (PLTD) that play a crucial role in supplying electricity to remote areas such as Jayapura. This study aims to identify the types of failures occurring in diesel engines at the Jayapura PLTD and to evaluate the corrective maintenance actions implemented. Data were collected through direct observation during an internship program, interviews with technicians, and analysis of historical maintenance and failure records. The results indicate that the most common failures occurred in the lubrication system, fuel system, and cooling system. Corrective actions included component repairs, spare part replacements, and system adjustments. The application of timely and appropriate corrective maintenance significantly reduced machine downtime and improved the reliability of the power generation system. This study recommends integrating corrective and preventive maintenance strategies to maximize operational efficiency of the PLTD.

William Shakespeare’s drama Antony and Cleopatra illustrates various aspects of hedonism, especially in the pursuit of love, power, and desire. These behaviors are reflected in the way the characters prioritize personal pleasure over political duty, showing how immediate gratification often clashes with responsibility. This study aims to explore the different types of hedonism represented in the play. A qualitative descriptive approach is used to analyze the dialogues and actions of the main characters, Mark Antony and Cleopatra, based on Weijers’ (2012) framework. The results reveal six categories of hedonism: folk hedonism (30%), value/prudential hedonism (20%), motivational hedonism (15%), normative hedonism (12.5%), utilitarian hedonism (12.5%), and egoist hedonism (10%). Among these, folk hedonism is the most dominant, particularly in Antony and Cleopatra’s pursuit of love and passion without considering the consequences for their political roles. The research shows that Antony and Cleopatra reflects how the pursuit of personal pleasure can shape character development, create conflict, and even lead to tragedy, illustrating timeless patterns where short-term desires overshadow long-term responsibilities.

Divorce often creates new problems, one of which is related to child custody and visitation rights for parents who do not have custody. Prohibiting visitation by the custodial parent not only violates the rights of the non-custodial parent, but also disregards the child's right to receive affection from both parents. The purpose of this study is to examine the types of legal protection available to non-custodial parents who are prohibited from seeing their children. This study uses a normative legal research method with a statutory approach. Data collected from interviews with legal practitioners and parties who have experienced similar problems are included in this study. The results show that prohibiting parents who have custody from meeting their children is against the law and contrary to the principle of the best interests of the child. Parents who do not have custody rights can file a lawsuit to revoke custody rights, as stipulated in SEMA No. 1 January 2017. This study emphasizes the importance of the law in balancing the rights and obligations of parents after divorce for the best interests of the child.

The concept of supremum is fundamental in real analysis and plays a crucial role in the optimization of single-variable real functions. In practice, not all functions attain their supremum explicitly, which necessitates numerical approaches to evaluate their behavior computationally. This study aims to analyze the supremum of several one-dimensional real functions with different characteristics using a grid-search method implemented in Python. Four functions were examined: a parabolic function, a rational function with a sharp peak, a discontinuous piecewise function, and a function with a vertical asymptote. The analysis involved modeling the functions, discretizing the domain, performing numerical approximation of the supremum, verifying the results against analytical values, and using graphical visualization to observe the function behavior near the supremum. The findings indicate that the supremum of the parabolic, rational, and piecewise functions can be accurately identified, with results consistent with analytical expectations despite minor deviations caused by grid resolution limitations in the rational function. Meanwhile, the function with a vertical asymptote yields an unbounded supremum, which cannot be attained within the domain. These results demonstrate that Python provides stable and reliable numerical estimates of the supremum across various types of one-dimensional real functions, validating the effectiveness of computational methods in supporting conceptual understanding of supremum.

In the investment world, stock returns are the leading indicator of a company’s performance and the basis for investor decision-making in the capital market. Fluctuations in stock returns reflect market expectations of the company’s prospects. The retail sector in Indonesia is facing significant pressure from post-pandemic shifts in consumer behavior and increased competition. This study aims to analyze the effect of financial distress, company size, liquidity, operating cash flow, and accounting profit on stock returns in retail sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period 2021 to 2023. This type of research is causally associated with a quantitative approach. The data used is secondary, in the form of financial statements from retail companies. The sampling technique used was purposive, yielding a total of 39 data points from 13 retail companies. Data testing was carried out using SPSS version 24. The results showed that partially, the variables of financial distress, company size, liquidity, and accounting profit had no significant effect on stock returns. Meanwhile, operating cash flow positively impacts stock returns. These findings indicate that fundamental indicators are not always the main determinants of stock returns. Therefore, investors are advised also to consider external factors such as market sentiment, macroeconomic conditions, and government policies that may have a greater influence on stock performance in the capital market.