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Introduction: Hypertension is a chronic condition in which blood vessel walls experience increased blood pressure, requiring a faster heart rate to pump blood throughout the body. The presence of hypertension influences changes in the results of mean arterial pressure, if the mean arterial pressure is more than 100 mmHg it can cause cerebral circulation disorders resulting in cerebral vascular resistance in hypertensive patients. One non-pharmacological effort to overcome and reduce MAP can be done by providing foot massage therapy. Method: This type of research is quantitative research with a pre-experimental one group pre-post test design approach. The instruments used by researchers were a digital spygmomanometer and observation sheet. Results: Descriptive statistical results showed that the average MAP value before giving a foot massage was 112.49 mmHg and the average MAP after giving a foot massage was 108.43 mmHg. Conclusion: The results of the Wilcoxon sign rank test, a non-parametric statistical test, obtained a p value of 0.000 (? = 0.05). So that p < a, it can be concluded that H0 is rejected and H1 is approved, this shows that foot massage therapy can influence the results of mean arterial pressure in elderly hypertensive patients in the Kalijati Health Center working area. This research is expected to provide initial information by carrying out foot massage therapy 6 times in 6 consecutive days as an effort to control hypertension and reduce mean arterial pressure (MAP) results.

This study aims to find out about the procedure for measuring the isolation resistance of the main equipment of the 150 kV conventional substation (AIS) as many as 5 bays at the Panakkukang Substation through the measurement of the insulation resistance value in accordance with the predetermined standards. The method used in this study is quantitative descriptive. The subject of the study to be studied is a comparison of isolation resistance values in pre- and post-treatment. This was done to find out if there was a change in the insulation resistance value of the main equipment of the Substation. The main equipment studied is LA, PMT, CT, VT, and Transformer. Measurements were taken with a Megger measuring instrument, with a voltage injection of 5kV. For 5kV voltage injection, the maximum value of the test device is >1000 GΩ. The standard used is IEEE 43-2000, which is > 1 MΩ / 1 kV. Based on the results of research that has been carried out on each main equipment of the substation at GI Panakkukang. It can be concluded that the isolation resistance value in each main equipment of the substation at GI Panakkukang is above the minimum value (> MΩ/1 KV) in accordance with the IEEE Std 62: 1995 standard, VDE Catalogue 228/4, and the standard used by PLN in the "Power System Maintenance Guidebook" in 2014 the isolation resistance value at each main substation at GI Panakkukang has increased after being maintained. Maintenance can be carried out by cleaning the equipment body and foreign materials, and measuring the insulation resistance periodically.

Early marriage is a significant social problem in Indonesia, including in Cilengkrang District, Bandung Regency. In an effort to address this problem, the Indonesian government issued Law Number 16 of 2019 which sets the minimum age of marriage to 19 years for both men and women. Community service in socializing this law in Cilengkrang Sub-district aims to increase community understanding and compliance with the regulation. The program involves various educational activities, such as counseling, group discussions, and training for community leaders and educators. The methods used include direct approaches through village meetings and indirect methods through social and print media. The results showed that the involvement of community leaders and religious leaders was very effective in conveying messages and reducing resistance to legal change. The main challenges faced were changing entrenched mindsets and problems accessing information in remote areas. Recommendations to improve the effectiveness of this program include increasing the involvement of community leaders, optimizing the use of media, continuous training, inter-agency cooperation, periodic evaluation, and a culturally sensitive approach. With the implementation of these recommendations, it is expected that the socialization of the marriage age limit law in Cilengkrang Sub-district can be more effective, reduce the number of early marriages, and create an environment that supports the optimal development of children and improves the overall welfare of the community.

Early marriage is a significant social problem in Indonesia, including in Cilengkrang District, Bandung Regency. In an effort to address this problem, the Indonesian government issued Law Number 16 of 2019 which sets the minimum age of marriage to 19 years for both men and women. Community service in socializing this law in Cilengkrang Sub-district aims to increase community understanding and compliance with the regulation. The program involves various educational activities, such as counseling, group discussions, and training for community leaders and educators. The methods used include direct approaches through village meetings and indirect methods through social and print media. The results showed that the involvement of community leaders and religious leaders was very effective in conveying messages and reducing resistance to legal change. The main challenges faced were changing entrenched mindsets and problems accessing information in remote areas. Recommendations to improve the effectiveness of this program include increasing the involvement of community leaders, optimizing the use of media, continuous training, inter-agency cooperation, periodic evaluation, and a culturally sensitive approach. With the implementation of these recommendations, it is expected that the socialization of the marriage age limit law in Cilengkrang Sub-district can be more effective, reduce the number of early marriages, and create an environment that supports the optimal development of children and improves the overall welfare of the community.

Implementing technology-based accounting systems in cooperatives aims to enhance transparency and efficiency in financial management. This initiative involves intensive mentoring of cooperative members in adopting new technologies for transaction recording, financial reporting, and real-time cash flow management. The results of this implementation show significant improvements in the member's ability to use accounting systems, strengthening financial transparency and facilitating strategic decision-making. Despite challenges such as resistance to change and the availability of adequate technological infrastructure, the program has successfully delivered positive impacts that can assist cooperatives in improving service quality to members and strengthening their financial position in the market. With ongoing support and the development of more specific training modules, this technology implementation is expected to continue to provide long-term benefits for cooperatives and their members.

During the recent pandemic (Covid-19), Bangladesh's Ready-Made Garments (RMG) industry, which employs mostly women, faced great challenges. This examines the resilience and resistance demonstrated by female RMG workers in Bangladesh during and after the epidemic, focusing on their efforts to seek improved working conditions and social protection. The research brings to light women's agency and activism in the industry, wherein women cooperatively undertake various actions against the oppression like protests as well as cognitions for better rights and conditions. The paper considers the role of policy-making and private firms in existing industries within workers' support, looking at the performance of the schemes geared towards safety nets and gender equality. Concentrating on different problems of the female workers of readymade garments sector, the study recommends the combined approach to deal with factors like class, ethnics and migration. In conclusion, this research affirm that female RMG workers are strong and active fighter, not the female as a passive victim and give strategies how to empower and stabilize female workers through policy analysis and industry action.

Terrorism is a theme that invites the attention of many in the academics to examine the main ­aspects of ideology, theology, networks and movements. At this time, terrorism has become a global phenomenon. Terrorism has penetrated almost every country in the world, including Indonesia. As in other areas, terrorism in Indonesia also has the basics of theology and ideology and networks so that it has a strong resistance. Until recently, terrorism became one of the challenges and threats to national security. This article is to examine the development of terrorism in Indonesia, which focuses on aspects of theology, ideology and movement.      

Grouper fish (Epinephelus sp.) is one of the popular marine fish species in the market in Indonesia and abroad in Southeast Asia, this fish has high economic value, good taste. Currently, the development of grouper aquaculture has been growing, so the seeds must be available continuously to meet the demand for seeds, therefore the foundation of interspecies crosses between groupers that have a high heterosis effect in growth traits, disease resistance and environmental resistance. This research activity was carried out at the Brackish Water Aquaculture Center located in Situbondo, East Java and was carried out from June 19, 2023 to August 19, 2023. The working method used in the Field Work Practice is descriptive method with data collection including primary and secondary. The technique of grouper hatchery conducted at the Brackish Water Aquaculture Fisheries Center stages include tub preparation, broodstock rearing, hybridization, hatching and egg stocking, larval development, feeding, water quality management, growth sampling and grading, pests and diseases, and harvesting and marketing. The results of the observed parameters are HR 73.25%, SR 15.98%, FR 74.16%. Water quality management carried out in grouper hatcheries is water reduction and water changes according to larval age, siphon once a week and water quality tests.    

Self-management refers to an individual's ability to control aspects of himself, including physical, emotional, mental, and behavioral. Adherence to medication in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients is essential because, if not done regularly, it can cause drug resistance, recurrence of the disease, and even death. This study aims to determine the relationship between self-management and medication adherence in Pulmonary Tuberculosis patients at the Sukarahayu Health Center. This research is a type of quantitative research; the research design uses cross-sectional. The sample in this study consisted of 67 respondents, and the sampling technique used was accidental sampling. Data collection used a questionnaire on self-care activities and medication adherence, and data analysis was conducted using the Spearman rank test.The results of the study showed that most respondents had good self-management which was 80.6%, and some respondents had very compliant medication adherence, which was 85.1%. Statistical tests showed a relationship between the self-management variable and medication adherence (p-value 0.001). Conclusion: There is a relationship between self-management and medication adherence in Pulmonary Tuberculosis patients at the Sukarahayu Health Center, Subang Regency. It is hoped that researchers can further explore appropriate efforts or actions for adherence to taking pulmonary tuberculosis drugs.

Caries is caused by microbial activity of a fermented carbohydrate. The results of Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS) state that the largest proportion of dental problems in Indonesia are damaged/cavities/sick teeth (45.3%). Preventive efforts gargling mouthwash contains antibacterial, long-term use has side effects, so we need herbal ingredients that have antibacterial properties, one of which is celery leaves. This study aims to prove the potential of celery leaf extract (Apium graveolens L.) as a mouthwash ingredient in inhibiting the growth of caries-causing bacteria and being able to reduce the number of bacterial colonies compared to formulary controls without active ingredients. This type of research used laboratory and field experiments with pretest-posttest consisting of the intervention group of celery leaf extract mouthwash formulation concentrations of 30%, 15% and control formulary without active ingredients, the sample consisted of 39 people, the sample was rinsed for 1 minute. Saliva collection before and after gargling. The variables studied the inhibition of bacteria. The results of the inhibition of Streptococcus mutans bacteria carried out by the ANOVA test at a concentration of 15% showed a mean of 5 mm and a concentration of 30% with a mean of 6.2 mm with a p-value of 0.000 which means that there was a significant difference in inhibiting Streptococcus mutans bacteria, while the control had a mean of 0. 0 mm which means there is no resistance formed. The conclusion of this study is that giving celery leaf extract mouthwash Calculate the inhibition zone with a concentration of 15%, 30% being able to inhibit bacteria while the control has no inhibition on Streptococcus mutans bacteria.

Concrete is one of the most common construction materials used throughout the world. Concrete consists of three main components: cement, coarse aggregate, and fine aggregate. Coarse aggregate serves as the main structural component in concrete, providing strength and resistance to external loads. Currently, technological advancements in construction are rapidly progressing. Therefore, innovation in concrete production is necessary, one of which is recycled aggregate concrete. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of using granite waste as a partial substitute for coarse aggregate on toughness of concrete. The method used in this research is experimental method. In this study, the variation level of granite waste used in this study was 0%; 15% ; 30% ; and 45%. The objects used for this research are blocks with dimensions of 400x100x100 mm tested using a Universal Testing Machine. The results of this research show that the toughness value obtained from the results of toughness testing on concrete with varying levels of 0% granite waste; 15% ; 30% ; and 45% respectively, namely 1.9589 kNmm; 2.2362 kNmm; 2.4189 kNmm; and 2.2118 kNmm.

This study aims to analyze the application of agile management in responding to the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic in culinary MSMEs Lunpia Delight in Semarang City. Agile management allows companies to adapt quickly through digital transformation and product innovation. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with management and employees and field observations. The results of the study show that agile management helps Lunpia Delight increase online sales by 50% after shifting focus from offline sales to various digital platforms. Product innovation such as ready-to-eat lunpia packages is also an effective strategy in attracting new consumers. However, this study identifies limitations in digital infrastructure and resistance to change as major challenges that need to be overcome. The conclusion of this study shows that the application of agile management and digital transformation is an effective strategy for MSMEs in facing market disruption. The limitation of this study lies in the focus of the study, which is only on one MSME, so the findings may not be generalizable to other sectors.

The adoption of Robotic Process Automation (RPA) has emerged as a crucial strategy for medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to streamline back-office operations, enhance productivity, and reduce operational costs. RPA involves the use of software robots to automate repetitive, rule-based administrative tasks, allowing employees to focus on more complex, value-added activities. This study explores the implementation of RPA in medium enterprises, focusing on its impact on cost efficiency, administrative workload reduction, and operational performance. The research uses a case study approach, analyzing medium enterprises that have adopted RPA to assess the effectiveness of automation in improving business processes. Data collection methods include interviews, surveys, and company reports to evaluate how RPA affects workload, accuracy, and cost savings. The findings indicate that RPA significantly reduces manual administrative tasks, leading to faster processing times, lower error rates, and substantial cost savings. Employees in enterprises that adopted RPA reported increased job satisfaction due to the reduction of monotonous tasks and the opportunity to engage in more strategic work. However, challenges such as employee resistance, data security concerns, and system integration complexities were also identified. The study compares RPA’s impact with traditional manual processes, highlighting improvements in speed, accuracy, and overall cost efficiency. Additionally, the study compares RPA adoption across industries such as manufacturing, retail, and service, revealing sector-specific challenges and successes. The paper concludes by emphasizing the practical implications for SMEs, suggesting that RPA can optimize business operations and urging further research on its long-term effects on employee roles and organizational culture.

Digital ethics frameworks play a crucial role in shaping corporate governance in tech startups, ensuring transparency, accountability, and trust within organizations. As digital technologies continue to evolve and become more integrated into daily operations, startups face both opportunities and challenges related to the ethical implications of these technologies. In emerging markets like Indonesia, the adoption of these frameworks remains limited due to resource constraints, lack of awareness, and resistance to formalizing governance structures. This study explores how Indonesian tech startups integrate digital ethics frameworks into their governance policies and examines the associated benefits and challenges. Through interviews with governance managers and key decision-makers in these startups, the study identifies key trends, including improved transparency and enhanced stakeholder relationships for startups that implement digital ethics practices. However, barriers such as limited expertise, organizational misalignment, and the flexible nature of startups present significant hurdles. The study also highlights the impact of digital ethics on corporate reputation and investor confidence, with startups benefiting from a stronger market presence and increased funding opportunities. In comparison to global practices, Indonesian startups face additional challenges due to cultural attitudes towards corporate responsibility, regulatory gaps, and a slower market readiness for ethical governance reforms. The study provides recommendations for regulatory bodies to create clear guidelines for digital ethics adoption and suggests promoting training for startup leaders to help them integrate these frameworks effectively into their governance policies. These actions can support the long-term sustainability of tech startups, fostering responsible innovation and ethical business practices.

As environmental challenges continue to intensify globally, there is an increasing need for educational systems to foster ecological awareness and sustainable living practices. This paper explores the integration of ecospirituality within religious education, combining deep ecology and faith-based pedagogy to promote environmental consciousness among students. Ecospirituality, a concept that merges ecological awareness with spiritual beliefs, provides a holistic framework that not only encourages ecological stewardship but also aligns these practices with religious values. The paper examines key principles of deep ecology, such as the interconnectedness of all life, biospherical egalitarianism, and anti-consumerism, and explores their application in educational contexts. It also delves into how religious education has historically approached environmental issues, particularly through faith-based pedagogies that emphasize moral responsibility for creation. Using a qualitative research approach, the study conducts content analysis of religious curricula, interviews with educators, and textual examination of religious literature to uncover ecological principles within religious teachings. The findings suggest that the integration of ecological themes into religious education enhances students' understanding of environmental ethics and strengthens their connection to nature. Despite challenges such as resistance to curriculum changes, variations in theological interpretations, and the need for teacher training, the study highlights innovative solutions, including professional development and curriculum adaptation. The comparison with secular environmental education models shows that ecospirituality offers a unique approach by embedding sustainability within spiritual practices. The paper concludes by recommending further research and curriculum development to ensure that ecospirituality can play a central role in shaping a sustainable future through education.

This study proposes an integrative framework for climate justice that combines moral theology, ethical philosophy, and religious pedagogy to encourage active participation in eco-ethical actions. The framework addresses the growing need for religious communities to engage in environmental stewardship by merging traditional religious teachings with contemporary environmental ethics. The research emphasizes the importance of eco-ethical education within religious settings, which fosters a deep sense of moral responsibility toward environmental care. Data for the study was gathered through field observations and interviews with religious educators and environmental activists, aiming to understand current educational practices and to explore opportunities for integrating climate justice into religious curricula. The study found that, while there are challenges such as curriculum limitations, ideological resistance, and insufficient understanding of climate justice, the proposed framework offers a powerful tool for religious institutions to foster environmentally responsible and ethically committed individuals. It also highlights the potential for collaboration between religious organizations and environmental groups to further promote climate justice. The study concludes that religious education has a unique role in shaping individuals' attitudes towards environmental issues, offering a distinct advantage over secular approaches by embedding moral responsibility into faith-based practices. Further research is recommended to explore the integration of climate justice in religious education and its impact on community behavior and sustainability.

This research aims to develop an efficient battery monitoring system using the ESP8266 module and INA219 sensor. Monitoring the battery condition effectively is crucial in various applications, especially in portable systems or isolated systems where real-time supervision is required. The method used in this research is the utilization of the ESP8266 module as the main microcontroller connected to the INA219 sensor to monitor the battery voltage, current, and power in real-time. The data obtained by the INA219 sensor is transmitted through the WiFi network managed by ESP8266 to a server or monitoring platform accessible to users via Blynk a web-based application or mobile application. The test results show that the system is capable of providing accurate information about the battery condition, including the charge level, usage current, and potential issues such as overcharge or undercharge. The implementation of this system is expected to be applicable in various applications, including renewable energy systems, portable devices, and electric vehicles, to improve battery performance and safety. The INA219 module as a voltage and current sensor found a voltage reading error percentage with a range of 0%-0.66% and an average of 0.18%. For readings at current with an error range of 0.91%-7.57%. For internal resistance readings which are calculated based on dividing the clamp voltage value by the circuit current, an error range of 0.04% -30.36% is found.

One of the most significant species in the Lamiaceae family, thymus vulgaris isendemic to the Mediterranean region and is used widely for both medicinal andculinary purposes. this study aims to evaluate the use of natural antimicrobials asan alternative therapy because the long-term use of antibiotics in the treatment ofacne has resulted in the formation of resistance. It may be inferred that Thymusvulgaris (T. vulgaris) extracts have the ability to suppress the test bacteria in theplan, indicating that they may be used as antimicrobial agents against pathogenicbacteria.

Antimicrobial resistance when microbes such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites bo longer respond to antimicrobial medicines. Antimicrobial resistance is one of the 10 health threats faced by the global community. Controlling antimicrobial resistance involves various governmental agencies, including the Indonesia Food and Drug Authority (BPOM), which has responsibilities in the field of drug and food surveillance in Indonesia. The article is prepared to examine the role of BPOM in the Control of Antimicrobial Resistance in Indonesia. The article is prepared using a normative approach, which is a study of articles referring to normative laws found in legislation. The role of BPOM role in antimicrobial resistance control in Indonesia includes the drafting, strengthening, and implementation of policies surveillance of antimicrobial lifecycle, public education, and conducting joint inspection inspection with relevated institutions. The results of this article show that controlling antimicrobial resistance in Indonesia requires coordination and cooperation from all relevant institutions.

High voltage deviation, State of charge (SOCs) divergence, and inappropriate load/power sharing are some challenges that DC microgrids face. These problems can be rectified easily if the control algorithm is designed based on the other units' data. However, utilization of communication links has some disadvantages which make them improper in many cases. Regarding that, in this paper, a novel communication-free control method is presented. In this method, the droop gain is divided into two parts. The first part of the droop gain is selected according to the line resistance in such a way, that the effect of line resistance on current sharing is omitted, while the second part is considered for balancing SOCs. Regarding that, it is defined as a function of SOC such that the higher SOC unit injects more and absorbs less current. Comparing the simulation results of the proposed method with other methods proves that the proposed method can balance SOCs and reduce the DC bus voltage deviation like the SOC-based method. Besides, it can share current properly like the virtual resistance method.