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It is hoped that breastfeeding can help achieve SDGs goal 3, target 2, namely efforts to reduce the neonatal mortality rate to at least 12 per 1000 live births in all countries by 2030 and stop unnecessary deaths of newborns and toddlers. Encouraging healthy breastfeeding is so important that it can prevent more than 820,000 deaths of children under five every year. Oxytocin massage has been shown to increase the sensation of relaxation, improve sleep quality and comfort, reduce pain and tension, and help increase prolactin and oxytocin levels, which in turn increases breast milk production.The research design uses the Pre Experimental Design method, namely in the form of a One Group pretest and posttest design without a control group. This research used purposive sampling, with a total sample of 22 respondents. Univariate and bivariate data analysis. The results of this study showed that the value before the oxytocin massage was a mean of 16.14 and after the oxytocin massage the mean was 27.73. The conclusion of this research shows that the results of the experimental test have a significant value with a p value = 0.000 <0.05. This proves that there is a significant difference in breast milk production between before and after oxytocin massage. It is recommended that midwives at the Afisya clinic use this research as input in efforts to increase breast milk production in post partum mothers.

The present study was aimed at gaining knowledge about the type of pathogen responsible for Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC) infections and evaluating the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts against Candida spp. antibiotic resistance. 112 samples were taken from infected women with VVC of different ages from September to December 2024. All specimens were collected from Al Hussein Teaching Hospital/ Al- Thiqar- governorate. The results showed that 67 (59.82%) of all cases had positive results for Candida spp., while 45 (40.18%) had negative results. Candida spp. Isolated from VVC were C. albicans, the most prevalent 33 (49.26%), C. glabrata, 12 (17.91%), C. krusi and C. kefyr, 9 (13.43%), and C. guilliermondii, 4 (6.90%). The antifungal sensitivity of the pathogenic Candida spp. was tested against five types of antifungals, and the results showed the highest resistance to ketoconazole was 66 (98.51%) of Candida spp. Because of the presence of these physiologically active chemicals, Zizyphus spina-christi L. exhibits antimicrobial capabilities. In this study, the main aim is to study the antifungal activity of Ziziphus spina-christi leaf extract on some resistant candida and conduct analysis to confirm that the Ziziphus spina-christi leaves have phytochemical contents. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to find the bioactive components present in extracts of Z. spina-christi leaves. Finally, we decided the inhibitory activity of Ziziphus spina-christi leaves extract. The extract of Ziziphus spina-christi had alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, phenols, tannic acid, and terpenoids, according to a preliminary phytochemical screen. In addition, GC-MS analysis of the extract confirmed the presence of many beneficial chemicals. The extract showed promising antimicrobial activity for Candida spp. (C. albicans, C. glabrata,C. krusi , C. kefyr, and C. guilliermondii)  . These results show that the Ziziphus spina-christi leaves extract is a valuable resource for bioactive chemicals with potential uses in a variety of biological contexts.

In order to improve the welfare of the community, it is expected that the government will also participate in improving health standards, especially for mothers. This is because healthy mothers will produce superior generations. The best food for babies is breast milk, therefore it is expected that mothers can give their babies exclusive breast milk so that the baby's growth and development are optimal and grow into a healthy, intelligent and productive adult generation. Breastfeeding itself also has obstacles including sore nipples, babies who often cry. Oxytocin massage aims to increase breast milk production in mothers in labor. The implementation of this community service is aimed at prospective breastfeeding mothers and breastfeeding mothers. This activity took place at the Afisya Clinic, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province. The method of implementing assistance and application of oxytocin massage consists of refreshing the knowledge and skills of midwives in implementing oxytocin massage. The results of this community service can improve the knowledge and skills of midwives in implementing oxytocin massage. There was an increase in midwives' knowledge by 53% and skills by 100% and all mothers in labor gave breast milk to their mothers. It is hoped that the implementation of oxytocin massage will be applied to all mothers giving birth so that mothers can provide exclusive breastfeeding.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder, is characterized by persistent synovial inflammation, erosion of bone and cartilage, leading to joint destruction. It can attack the joints and other parts of the body such as tendons, ligaments, and bones.  In serious cases, it can affect other organs such as the lungs, heart, nervous system, and eyes. Foot massage is effective to reduce pain. Before implementation of foot massage, the average pain scale was 6 (moderate pain). After implementation of foot massage  the pain scale decreased to 2 (mild pain). Through empowering the elderly, the elderly are taught and assisted in performing safe and effective foot massage techniques to reduce pain, improve blood circulation, and reduce joint stiffness due to rheumatoid arthritis. The conclusion of this community service activity shows that the use of foot massage is effective for patients with rheumatoid arthritis who experience pain.

Buy The Service (BTS) Trans Banyumas program is a government initiative aimed at providing a modern, efficient, and technology-based public transportation service in Banyumas Regency. To enhance public understanding of this service, various socialization programs have been conducted by PT Banyumas Raya Transportasi in collaboration with the Banyumas Regency Transportation Agency and relevant stakeholders. These socialization programs include Trans Banyumas Goes To School, Edutrans, community outreach, television broadcasts, and public information booths. Each program is designed to reach various community groups, particularly students, who constitute the dominant users of this public transportation service. Through presentations, discussions, field practice, and mass media utilization, the public is informed about the cashless payment system, service routes, operational schedules, and the benefits of public transportation in improving mobility efficiency. The results of these socialization efforts indicate an increase in public awareness of the BTS Trans Banyumas service, although passenger numbers remain fluctuating, especially during school holidays. Therefore, additional strategies are needed to attract more users from the working population and the general public to ensure the optimal and sustainable utilization of this service.

The proliferation of network information algorithms (NIAs) in contemporary society has sparked significant ethical concerns regarding their societal impact. This study investigates the influence of NIAs on social interactions, decision-making processes, and the perpetuation of structural biases through a multidisciplinary perspective (Ananny, 2023). The findings reveal that while NIAs enhance operational efficiency across various domains, they also introduce ethical challenges, including privacy infringements, systemic inequities, and algorithmic opacity, which threaten social justice. Employing Ananny’s (2023) conceptual framework—which categorizes NIAs into three dimensions: encounters, observation, and probability/temporality—this research deconstructs the operational mechanisms of these algorithms. The analysis demonstrates that NIAs not only replicate historical biases but also engender new forms of discrimination through ostensibly neutral predictive processes. For example, algorithm-driven recruitment systems may perpetuate gender disparities if their training data reflects prior discriminatory practices (Crawford, 2021). This study underscores the inextricable link between technological ethics and societal context, arguing that an overreliance on algorithmic systems risks undermining human autonomy (Zuboff, 2019). The originality of this research lies in its integration of computational ethics theory with empirical case studies, such as the deployment of NIAs in mass surveillance, where privacy is often compromised in pursuit of perceived security. To ensure academic rigor, the arguments are developed through a critical comparison with prior research (e.g., Mittelstadt et al., 2016), while avoiding redundancy in phrasing or structure. Scholars such as Floridi (2019) emphasize the necessity of algorithmic transparency in regulatory frameworks. However, critics like Noble (2018) argue that technical solutions alone are inadequate; structural reforms in data governance and corporate accountability are essential to mitigate the misuse of NIAs. In response, this study proposes an ethical framework that not only addresses technical risk mitigation but also incorporates civic participation in algorithmic decision-making processes. The ethical implications of NIAs necessitate a holistic approach that integrates principles of data justice, independent algorithmic auditing, and public digital literacy. Future research should explore inclusive models of algorithmic governance, particularly in developing nations where regulatory frameworks often lag behind technological advancements. This study concludes with a reflective inquiry: How can algorithmic accountability be ensured if developers lack transparency regarding data sources and programming logic? By addressing these questions, this research contributes to the ongoing discourse on the ethical governance of NIAs and their societal implications.

Introduction: One form of health service that physiotherapy can provide is using communication and education to the community, such as education in the toddler posyandu community. Methods: the method used is the provision of health promotion counseling on baby massage and oral motor exercise in infants to toddlers. This counseling was conducted on October 14, 2024 in the toddler class RW 03, Arjosari village, Blimbing District, Malang City with 10 mothers of toddlers being targeted in this counseling. The implementation of this counseling uses leaflets as promotional media. Giving pre-test and post-test as an instrument to measure the effectiveness of this counseling. Results: the results showed that the second question of the pre-test obtained a value of 0% and the post-test value obtained a result that increased to 90%. Then, for the third question, the pre-test score was 0% and the post-test score increased to 70%. Conclusion: The evaluation results state that the counseling activities carried out in the toddler class have increased knowledge to participants regarding oral motor exercise and baby massage.

Indonesian is the national language used as the main means of communication in everyday life, both in education, government, and in the mass media. In this context, literacy methods are important to be applied in the process of learning Indonesian. Indonesian language education at the Senior High School (SMA) level plays an important role in shaping students' literacy skills, both in reading, writing, speaking, and listening. One of the main objectives of learning Indonesian is to develop effective communication skills and improve literacy skills that can support students' academic success and daily lives. The application of appropriate literacy methods is very necessary to help improve the quality of Indonesian language learning. Literacy methods in learning Indonesian can encourage students to be more active in reading, writing, and thinking critically. With the right method, students not only master Indonesian language material, but are also able to apply literacy skills in various life contexts. This study aims to apply literacy methods in learning Indonesian at SMA Negeri Restorasi Doreng. Literacy as the ability to understand, criticize, and produce texts has an important role in improving students' competence in language. The methods applied in this study involve various literacy techniques, such as critical reading, creative writing, and text-based discussions. This research was conducted with a qualitative approach through observation, interviews, and document analysis. The results of the study indicate that the application of literacy methods can improve students' understanding of Indonesian language materials, enrich vocabulary, and hone their writing and speaking skills. In addition, the application of this method also succeeded in building more active student involvement in the learning process. Thus, the literacy method can be used as an alternative to improve the quality of Indonesian language learning at the high school level.

This training aims to enhance the skills of students at SMA Budi Agung Medan in journalistic writing and becoming skilled news presenters. The method employed includes a participatory approach through intensive training, group discussions, and hands-on practice. The program provides an in-depth understanding of journalistic writing techniques, mastery of news language, as well as confidence and techniques for on-camera presentations. The training results show a significant improvement in participants' abilities, both in writing news articles according to journalistic standards and delivering news professionally. This training has a positive impact on students' communication skills while preparing them to face the challenges of the mass media industry.

The contribution of artisans to the enhancement of the economy in Indonesia, particularly within the home industry sector of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) located in the "Macakal" creative industry center, is of paramount significance for the economic advancement of the community in Lebak Banten Regency. The "Macakal" creative industry produces various products, including woven wallets, synthetic leather wallets, laptop bags, small wallets, and agenda covers. The traditional woven fabric of Banten, which is not widely known by the public, is used as the main material for making wallets and other products at this SME "Macakal." In the development of this home industry, the entrepreneurs encounter difficulties in the form of business capital and also a lack of consumer interest post-COVID-19. The stakeholders in the home industry, known as "Macakal," acknowledge the support provided by the local government in terms of business capital. Additionally, they emphasize the importance of organizing exhibitions and programs aimed at promoting the home industry within Lebak Regency. The solution offered in this assistance is the introduction of products from the "Macakal" home industry center through social media and also through the mass media, as well as local government providing business capital assistance so that entrepreneurs can develop their businesses again. The outcome of this PKM initiative is that the home industry entrepreneurs known as "Macakal" are now able to promote their products via social media and comprehensive internet marketing strategies. This advancement has facilitated an expansion of their market reach and contributed to the enhancement of the economic conditions of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)

The presence of heavy metals in waste is one of the variables that can pollute and damage the environment. Lead is one of the chemical contents that can be found in hospital liquid waste. Hospital liquid waste comes from work unit processes throughout the hospital environment which contains dangerous chemicals so it needs to be processed before being discharged into the environment. Research has been carried out using the coagulation-flocculation method using sugar palm seeds as a biocoagulant. The aim of this research is to find out how the palm seed coagulant mass influences in reducing lead (Pb) levels. hospital wastewater with the addition of variations in coagulant mass, namely 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6% and 0.7%. From the filtrate resulting from coagulation-flocculation which was then analyzed based on the Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia Number P.68 of 2016 concerning Domestic Wastewater Quality Standards, from the results of this research it is known that sugar palm seeds as a biocoagulant are able to reduce the most optimal PB concentration when the coagulant concentration is added to 0.6%.

Setiap industri membutuhkan air pendingin (cooling water) sebagai unit pendukung dalam proses produksinya, termasuk industri petrokimia yang memerlukan air pendingin (cooling water) agar proses produksinya dapat berjalan dengan lancar. Untuk meningkatkan serta menjaga penggunaan air pendingin (cooling water) , maka digunakan alat cooling tower yang berfungsi untuk me-recycle air kondensat menjadi air pendingin (cooling water) kembali. Penggunaan alat cooling tower ini dinilai sangat penting, sehingga diperlukan analisa evaluasi kinerja alat untuk mengetahui kondisi cooling tower dan mencegah kerusakan dikemudian hari. Evaluasi tersebut berdasarkan nilai efisiensi kerja serta termal cooling tower dan perhitungan neraca massa pada sistem cooling tower CT-22111 A-B. Analisa evaluasi ini dapat menjadi hal yang di pertimbangan oleh teknis pihak industri untuk melakukan perawatan lebih lanjut serta operasional. Dari Analisa data lapangan serta data pendukung didapatkan hasil aktual yang menunjukkan di mana cooling tower pada unit utilitas departemen produksi IA diperoleh sebesar 71% untuk desain  dan 77% untuk aktual serta untuk efisiensi termal masih direntang 67% - 81% tidak terlalu berbeda dengan data desain untuk efisiensi termal. Dengan demikian, kinerja cooling tower menunjukkan bahwa masih beroperasi dengan cukup baik.

The microbubble generator is an essential technology in various applications, such as water treatment, due to its ability to improve mass transfer efficiency, particularly ocygenation. Bubble breakup is a critical process that affects bubble size and its distribution in the solution, In this study, the experimental investigation focuses on analyzing the bubble breakup phenomenon in a venturi-type microbubble generator (MBG) equipped with a twisted baffle. Water flow rates  and air flow rates ) were varied at  = 40 and 60 lpm and   = 0,2 and 0,6 lpm. The methods used in this study include visualizing the bubble breakup process using a high-speed camera and measuring pressure fluctuations in the MBG detected by a pressure transducer. The analysis involves Power Spectral Density (PSD), Probability Density Function (PDF) of pressure drop, and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). The tests were conducted with variations in water and air flow rates, as well as pressure measurements to understand the interaction between liquid and gas flows. The analysis results indicate that the presence of the twisted baffle significantly increases flow turbulence, which accelerates the bubble breakup process. This process produce smaller and more evenly distributed bubbles, which is crucial for enchancing dissolved ocygen (DO) levels in the solution.

Several psychological and physical physiological changes take place in pregnant women during the third trimester. Complaints of back pain, which can cause discomfort during pregnancy, are one of the frequent physical changes that occur. Endorphin massage, a light massage approach that may help alleviate these complaints, is one strategy that may be utilized to promote relaxation and comfort for expectant mothers, particularly during the later stages of pregnancy before delivery. The purpose of this research is to assess the impact of endorphin massage on the severity of back discomfort in expectant women during their third trimester. The study used a quantitative methodology with a sample size of 65 participants that were representative of the study population. The Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was used to compare pain ratings before and after the intervention. According to the test findings, there is a substantial difference between the two measurement outcomes, as evidenced by a value of Z = -8.062 with p = 0.000. The study's results indicate that every subject's pain was reduced after receiving endorphin massage. In conclusion, endorphin massage is beneficial for alleviating back pain in pregnant women during the third trimester.

Non-Communicable Disease (NCD) Screening is an early effort to identify NCD risk factors in individuals or groups through the Integrated Development Post (Posbindu) NCD. NCDs consist of Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, Cervical and Breast Cancer, and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. NCDs are increasing and are the main cause of death of the population. In 2030, it is targeted that at least the number of premature deaths due to NCDs can be prevented through the SDGs program by 25%. The Faculty of Health Sciences (Fikes) of Musi Charitas Catholic University (UKMC) is part of the Sukarami Health Center Working Area which has 396 students in the 2024/2025 academic year. Fikes finds out whether or not there are NCD risk data factors in students. Lecturers and Officers of the Sukarami Health Center are actively conducting NCD screening using the Posbindu activity method, namely 5 Tables (Registration, Interview, Measurement, Examination and Counseling/Education). The target of all UKMC Fikes students who are studying on campus is 287 (72.47%). The activities carried out were measuring Body Weight (BB), Height (BB), determining Body Mass Index (BMI). Implementation of procedures in accordance with the guidelines set by the Indonesian National Nurses Association (PPNI). Results: The target achievement was 245 (85.37%) of the original target of 287. Analysis results 1) Students who have a BMI > 25 are 72 (29.39%) students; have a waist circumference > 80 (women) and > 90 (men) are 62 (25%) students. Blood pressure > 130/90 mmHg is owned by 6 (2.45%) students, while random blood sugar > 180 mg/dl is owned by 1 (0.41%) student. Suggestions or Follow-up Action Plans: All students are screened periodically and PTM control is carried out.

Pleural effusion is the accumulation of abnormal fluid in the pleural space that can be caused by various conditions, such as infections (tuberculosis, pneumonia), malignancies, heart failure, or other systemic diseases. Clinical manifestations are generally shortness of breath, pleuritic chest pain, and cough. Diagnosis enforcement is carried out through clinical examination, radiology (thoracic photo, ultrasound), and pleural fluid analysis. Management of pleural effusion depends on the cause and volume of fluid. In cases of massive pleural effusion or those that cause significant respiratory distress, the installation of a pigtail catheter is one of the options for fluid drainage. Pigtail catheter is an effective minimally invasive method of gradual removal of pleural fluid, with a relatively low risk of complications. The method in this final scientific paper uses a case study method with a nursing care approach for Mrs. L with respiratory system disorders: pleural effusion in the inpatient room of St. Laura, Santa Elisabeth Hospital Medan. Results: The signs and symptoms that arise in the case of pleural effusion were all obtained in accordance with the theory and data found in the field, in addition to the determination of nursing diagnosis was also adjusted to the SDKI obtained. The determination of the intervention given to the client with pleural effusion, in the form of nebulizer therapy, semi-fowler positioning, and the installation of water seal drainage (PIGTAIL Installation).

The rapid advancement of digital technology has led to widespread mass surveillance, raising concerns about the protection of individual privacy. International human rights law plays a crucial role in balancing national security interests with the right to digital privacy. This study examines the impact of international human rights frameworks, such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), in safeguarding digital privacy amid increasing government surveillance. Using a qualitative approach, the research analyzes key legal principles, court rulings, and policy responses from different jurisdictions. The findings indicate that while international legal instruments provide a foundation for digital privacy protection, enforcement remains inconsistent due to varying national implementations and technological challenges. The study underscores the need for stronger legal mechanisms and international cooperation to ensure the effective protection of digital privacy rights in the digital age.

Coffee is a drink that the Indonesian people have long favored. Coffee can affect blood pressure because polyphenols and potassium lower blood pressure, while caffeine increases blood pressure. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that by 2025, 1.5 billion people in the world will suffer from hypertension per year. Blood pressure in adolescents who experience hypertension can have a higher risk of morbidity and mortality, not only that the more severe hypertension experienced in adolescents can lead to a fairly severe risk of complications such as heart attack, stroke, and coronary artery disease. This study aims to provide broad insights related to nutrition and hopes that our education can at least change the mindset of adolescents regarding the importance of frequent coffee consumption without clear reasons. This study used the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test method.This nutrition education was conducted at SMK Harapan Massa, Beji, Depok. On January 25, 2024. Using Descriptive Research type. Based on Wilcoxon analysis, 45 students experienced a decrease in scores, 3 students experienced an increase and 16 students had similar scores in the post-test and pre-test. Conclusion. there is an influence on the results of students' understanding before exposure to the material (Post-test) and after exposure (Pre-test).

Humans will experience old age or old age (elderly) where when in that phase there will be a decrease in muscle mass so that it will affect the mobility of the elderly. Socialization of medicinal plants (TOGA) and ergonomics of movement for the elderly is knowledge provided for the elderly who live in Meruya Utara Village, especially in RT 004/09, where the number of elderly is quite large. This socialization is expected to help improve the knowledge and understanding of the elderly regarding the benefits of family medicinal plants and ergonomics of movement problems. The explanation of the use of TOGA plants that is conveyed is mainly related to the processing of TOGA, especially those that have properties for bone and muscle health where there are various types of TOGA that can maintain bone and muscle health such as ginger, temulawak, celery, and lemongrass. The explanation of ergonomic movement is conveyed starting from the type of elderly, problems faced, elderly diseases, safe activities for the elderly and a focus on rearranging the bathroom which is an area prone to frequent accidents for the elderly where the elderly bathroom must at least have a sitting toilet, railing, water reservoir, rough bathroom floor and a door handle with a handle

This article is created as an effort to publish information about the habits implemented by students to form a great Indonesian generation in sports through healthy gymnastics on Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, and Saturday. Additionally, this article discusses the importance of cultivating sports habits from elementary school age to create a healthy and active lifestyle. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach with data collection techniques using library research, where the authors collect various references through journals, articles, and other sources. Gymnastics itself is a type of sport performed en masse, ranging from elementary to high school levels and the general public. In the past, gymnastics was highly cultural, proven by the lack of differences across almost all societal groups - gymnastics was done both in groups and collectively, with young and old, males and females exercising together. This program was also implemented at UPT SDN Sidorejo 1 every day before class, and its results are evident in the emergence of student self-confidence, creative attitudes, and a healthy lifestyle.