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During childhood, the development of a child involves several key aspects. Firstly, the physical development aspect encompasses the skeletal and muscular systems, as well as the development of motor skills. Secondly, health and safety become important focuses by providing adequate physical exercise to meet national targets and prevent children's inactivity. The processing of information and intelligence in cognitive development emphasizes repetition, organization, comparison, and the emergence of information. The division of intelligence into emotional and spiritual intelligence provides an additional dimension to understanding child development. Piaget's approach, particularly the concrete operational stage, describes a phase in which children use operations and logical reasoning in concrete situations. Lastly, in cognitive development, language becomes an important tool for communication, both in oral and sign forms.

Pediculosis capitis (head lice) is a parasite that sucks blood and infests the human scalp. It often attacks children and spreads rapidly in crowded environments such as orphanages and boarding schools. The research aims to determine the relationship between personal hygiene and the incidence of pediculosis capitis. Method: quantitative research with a cross-sectional design. The population was 131 people, with a sample size of 85 respondents. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling. Data were analyzed univariately and bivariately using the chi-square test with a confidence level of 95%. Results: The results of the study showed that residents of the orphanage in Jelutung District, Jambi City (55.3%) experienced cases of pediculosis capitis, and 62.4%) had poor personal hygiene. There was a relationship between personal hygiene (p = 0.001) and the incidence of pediculosis capitis at the orphanage. Conclusion: There is a relationship between personal hygiene and pediculosis capitis. It is hoped that the residents of the orphanage will maintain and improve good and correct personal hygiene, and then health officers should routinely provide health education regarding personal hygiene and pediculosis capitis in the orphanage.

Karo Batak customary inheritance law is based on a patrilineal system which determines that the main heir is the eldest son. However, it should be noted that women also have the right to inheritance in some cases, especially if there are no sons in the family. In general, inherited assets are divided equally between the children and surviving spouse of the deceased, but certain properties such as land or inherited property in particular are more likely to be passed patrilineally to the eldest male child to maintain the continuity of the bloodline. This system also recognizes the important role of ancestors in determining inheritance distribution and has strong customary mechanisms to resolve conflicts that may arise regarding inheritance distribution. Even though it is still recognized and implemented, Karo Batak customary inheritance law has faced several challenges and adaptations with the advent of the modern era. Changing living patterns, urbanization, greater education, and the influence of national laws often influence the way heritage is managed and shared. In many cases, inheritance arrangements may combine elements of customary law with national law to adapt to social changes and the practical needs of modern families. This could have the impact of a more equal distribution between children, without necessarily taking into account gender or birth order, as well as paying more attention to the economic and social needs of family members. Despite this, customary inheritance law practices are still respected and maintained in many Karo Batak communities, often as part of their cultural identity and traditions.

Customary inheritance law is customary law that regulates the system of inheritance procedures. There are 3 (three) customary inheritance systems in Indonesia, namely the individual inheritance system, the collective inheritance system and the majorate inheritance system. Meanwhile, there are 4 (four) kinds of kinship systems in Indonesia, namely patrilineal, matrilineal, bilateral or parental and alternate kinship systems. Balinese people adhere to the patrilineal kinship system, which is based on descent from the male side. This means that in Balinese society, the male child is Bali, and the position and rights of men are higher than the rights and position of women. In Balinese society, girls have the right to enjoy inheritance as long as they perform their dharma.  The limited right of girls to receive inheritance led to emancipation which demanded that girls get the same inheritance rights as boys. During the Indonesian government, the protection of women's inheritance rights in Bali was further strengthened by various laws and regulations issued by the government. However, there are also factors inhibiting the protection of women's inheritance rights in Bali, namely the strong influence of patriarchal culture in Balinese society and adhering to Balinese customary law which gives greater inheritance rights to men.

This journal discusses cognitive development during early childhood. The aim of writing the journal is to find out how cognitive development occurs during early childhood, the advantages of cognitive development during early childhood, as well as language abilities and other cognitive abilities. The method used is literature study, namely by searching for materials and references from books, journals and articles. The results show that the early childhood period is called preoperational, this period starts from the age of 2 to 7 years. Preoperational uses symbols, categorization, and numbers. Other cognitive abilities are life, death, bodily functions, space, weight, numbers, time, social impressions, beauty and cuteness.

This research aims to analyze toddler literacy programs in rural areas and evaluate their effectiveness in improving the literacy skills of early childhood. The research methods used include interviews with parents, observations of children, and analysis of existing literacy programs. The research results show that there are several challenges faced in strengthening toddler literacy in rural areas, including limited access, lack of resources, and lack of parental awareness about the importance of early childhood literacy. To overcome this challenge, collaborative efforts are needed between the government, educational institutions and local communities. Toddler literacy programs should be designed to take into account the rural context and available resources. Apart from that, it is necessary to provide outreach to parents and the community about the benefits of toddler literacy and how they can support it. The results of this research can be a guide for developing literacy programs for toddlers in rural areas, so that children in rural areas have equal opportunities to develop their literacy skills from an early age.

Patient An MM was brought by his parents to the Tanah Pasir Community Health Center Children's Polyclinic with complaints of itching on both hands for the last 3 weeks. The initial complaint was that it felt like itching accompanied by the appearance of reddish spots, and over time, pimples appeared between the fingers. Complaints felt worse in the last week until the patient felt itchy all day and complaints of itching felt worse at night until the patient had difficulty getting to sleep because he kept scratching the part of the body that felt itchy. Based on the anamnesis of complaints obtained after contact with the patient's older brother who experienced similar complaints. A physical examination was carried out and the examination results were within normal limits. Primary data was obtained through anamnesis and physical examination by conducting home visits, filling in family folders, and filling in patient files. The assessment is carried out based on a holistic diagnosis at the beginning, process and end of the visit quantitatively and qualitatively. The interventions carried out include education about the causes of scabies in the family, education on environmental sanitation and cleanliness and management of the disease as well as explaining complications that may arise from the patient's disease so that the patient's family maintains better personal hygiene and environmental cleanliness.  

Abstract. Implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum with a focus on the Project for Strengthening the Pancasila Student Profile (P5) has become a major concern in the world of education since 2022. This research aims to understand the implementation of P5 in the UNP Laboratory Development Kindergarten, focusing on the topics of implementation, objectives, benefits, advantages, and evaluation. The research method involves collecting data through observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The research results show that the implementation of P5 in the UNP Laboratory Development Kindergarten has had a positive impact in increasing understanding of the values ​​of Pancasila, introducing local culture, and forming character and environmental awareness in kindergarten children. Evaluation of P5 activities is carried out through learning management and involving active participation from the surrounding community. In conclusion, the implementation of P5 in the UNP Laboratory Development Kindergarten makes a positive contribution to improving the quality of learning, building student character, and community participation and empowerment. The suggestion proposed is the need for cooperation between teachers, P5 coordinators, and parents of students to better adapt the P5 program.

This research aims to determine the implementation of cultural and civic literacy through the LEKSAM BEDAS literacy program at SDN Cipaku 03 to increase creativity in students. This research uses one method, namely the qualitative descriptive method. Then the researcher also studied research information from the results of interviews conducted with the fifth grade teacher who was the literacy program supervisor at SDN Cipaku 03. Data collection techniques were carried out using observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis was carried out using data collection, data reduction, data presentation, inference and verification techniques. The results of the research show that SDN Cipaku 03 has implemented the Family Educational Literacy program, Children’s School and Community, Awakening to Dynamic, Prosperous, Religious Education (Leksam Bedas) in order to improve literacy and creativity skills in students. The Bedas Leksam program can be carried out by utilizing libraries and other reading areas as literacy infrastructure that supports students. The Bedas Leksam program can be combined with cultural literacy and civic literacy.  

Undocumented migrant children lose access to formal education. Therefore, a learning forum is provided, namely the guidance studio (SB) or Learning Center. This research uses a qualitative method using a case study approach. The aim of this research is to determine the form of social relations of NGO PERMAI in building a guidance studio for undocumented migrant children, to find out the form of support/contribution from related parties in helping fulfill education for migrant children. The theory used is Michel Foucault's theory of power relations. The results of this research are: The PERMAI NGO guidance studio requires support and assistance from other parties, this form of relationship is a collaborative relationship from (KBRI, ​​KJRIl, PPI and students from universities in Indonesia). The forms of support provided vary, such as material support or learning needs (desks, chairs, notebooks, boards, etc.) or support in the form of personnel as provided by PPI.

The lack of human awareness of environmental problems and limited natural resources is a challenge that needs to be corrected for the survival of future generations. Raising awareness through environmental literacy habits needs to be instilled from basic education, this is done because instilling character values will be more effective given from an early age. Infographic media is a way to convey overall information clearly, complexly and quickly. With the aim of knowing the use of infographics regarding the problem of preserving natural resources as an effort to increase environmental literacy in elementary school students. The type of research used is a qualitative approach with a literature study method. Infographics are an interesting medium for increasing environmental literacy in students. Students can be guided to collect and analyze problems in the surrounding environment, analyze the impacts that will occur, and find solutions to overcome these problems which are outlined in the form of infographics. By instilling environmental literacy in children from an early age, it is possible for students to have an attitude of caring about the environment.

Late childhood development is a continuation of early childhood. This period lasts from the age of 6 until the child becomes sexually mature. The beginning of late childhood is marked by the child's entry into the first grade of elementary school which is an important event for the child that can lead to changes in attitudes, values and behavior. In education, it can be adjusted by compiling materials, methods, facilities, and tools that are in accordance with the situation and conditions of the students. For parents, the growth and development of children and the service model will be known so that children can undergo developmental tasks and adapt to their environment well. The purpose of the analysis is to identify the characteristics of the end of childhood, analyze the developmental tasks of the end of childhood, and identify physical development at the end of childhood. Using the literature study method with an approach that involves analyzing relevant literature or information sources. In conclusion, the characteristics of development in late childhood, namely: a. Emotional development such as heightened emotions, the beginning of emotional catharsis, forming gangs of children; b. Game patterns such as exploring, constructive play, watching TV; c. Common offenses often occur such as fighting with siblings, shirking responsibilities, telling false lies. Physical development in late childhood includes: Height and weight, Motor development, Body ratio, Simplicity, Muscle-fat ratio, Teeth.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not there is an effect of motivation and parental attention on the achievement of Semester 1-7 IAT IAI TABAH students. This research method is Quantitative with the type of case study by maximising Questionnaire, Interview, Observation, and Documentation instruments. The results showed that the influence of motivation and parental attention on achievement for students of Al-Quran Science and Tafsir of the Tarbiyatut Tholabah Lamongan Islamic Institute had no significant effect. 58.8% of parents never demand children to be able to everything.64.7% of parents always support children in campus.  41.2% of parents always support children to buy learning books in campus.70.6% of students rarely buy books. 41.2% of parents never encourage students to go to campus regularly. IAT IAI TABAH student achievement The highest value of Student GPA is 3.68 and the average value is 3.55, while the lowest value is 3.01. From the existing Student Study Result Card data, the highest student value is only able to achieve 3.68 GPA among all students.

The excessive use of gadgets can be interfere in children's development, especially in preschool children. Children who are accustomed to overusing gadgets will have an impact on their emotional development. The aims of this study is  to determine the relationship between gadgets uses on emotional development in preschool age children in RA Character Assalam Manado. This is analytical descriptive research method with the cross sectional design. The sample of respondents in this study was 52 people using Total Sampling. Data collection using questionnaire sheets. In analysis using Chi-Square with Continuity Correction α ≤ 0,05. Results of the study were obtained: Out of 52 there were 32 (61,5%) parents having children with good emotional development; 34 (65.4%) parent having children using gadgets with an abnormal duration (> 1 hour/day), There was a significant relationship between gadget use and emotional developments in preschool age children in RA Character Assalam Manado. The conclusion in this study; there is a relationship between gadgets use and emotional development in preschool children at RA Character Assalam Manado. Based on the results of the research, it is suggested the teachers at the school should be able to coordinate with the student parents to more understanding the impact of the gadget use on the children emotional development.

Conclusions from initial observations, it appears that foster children show a number of personality traits that are not in line with the expected cooperative attitude and religious values. From the perspective of religious values and mutual cooperation, this research aims to explain character education initiatives as well as supporting and inhibiting factors. In the research design, qualitative descriptive methods will be used. Data collection methods include observation, interviews, and documentation. Displaying data and making conclusions from data analysis through reduction. Based on the research results, the task of the Aishiya Putri Orphanage is to teach religious principles, character education, and cooperative behavior to its foster children through the use of policies, procedures, guidelines, and punishments that can help foster cooperative behavior and religious character. The analysis and conclusions of this research center on the contribution made by cooperative orphanages to the development of the younger generation as a whole by offering character education as well as faith-based correctional and rehabilitation services. However, both motivational and disincentive elements have an impact on character education initiatives.

This research aims to find out about the position of inheritance rights for Balinese women who have changed religions based on the case study of Cassation Decision Number 2826 K/Pdt/2017. The background of the research, that the biological daughter of the heir who has converted to religion demands her right to be made an heir, where as it is well known that Balinese society has a patrilineal kinship system (purusa), which means that the heir will fall to the son. This type of research is normative legal research with the approach applied in this normative legal research is a conceptual approach and a case approach. The results of the analysis of the research, the Decree of the Main Assembly of Pakraman Village Bali in 2010 Number: 01/Kep/Psm-3/X/2010 regarding the Results of Pesamuhan Agung III MUDP Bali which states that Balinese women receive half of the purusa inheritance rights after deducting 1/3 for heirlooms and preservation interests. However, this does not apply to Balinese women who have converted (from Hinduism to other religions). This is because as heirs who follow Balinese inheritance law, heirs must have the responsibility to take care of all the obligations of their ancestors both in terms of religious obligations and maintenance of shrines. Therefore, if a child chooses to change religion, the legal consequences will be that the heir or child does not have rights and obligations towards the heir, family and custom.  

The development of a religious spirit in children is an early development even before childhood and they receive religious education. This research aims to find out how the religious spirit develops in children aged 2-4 years. This research is a type of research that uses qualitative methods and involves library study methods. Data collection techniques used interview methods and literature research. This research discusses the religious spirit or development of the religious spirit in children aged 2-4 years. The results of this research show that the children interviewed who were 4 years old had good development of their religious spirit and already knew a lot about religion from simple things.

Student learning disability is a situation where a student is unable to learn as they should. This cannot be ignored and must be addressed immediately by educators, because children's difficulties can become an obstacle in achieving optimal learning goals. The purpose of writing this article is to explore how to identify and overcome learning difficulties in elementary/MI students and to find out the factors that influence these learning difficulties. The research method used is literature study by analyzing several papers/scientific works through hypothesis testing. Based on the results of data analysis, the following results were obtained: a) The types of mathematics learning difficulties faced by elementary/MI students can be divided into two, namely difficulties that are internal to the student and difficulties caused by external factors. student. Ways to overcome this are: 1) Diagnosing students' learning difficulties, 2) Providing supportive mathematics learning advice, 3) Optimizing the implementation of BDR (Learning From Home), and 4) Personal resilience, the idea is to apply the curriculum and utilize blended. learn. b) Factors that cause elementary/MI students' learning difficulties include factors that arise from within the student (internal) and factors that arise from outside the student (external).

Adolescence is the period of puberty. Children experience growth and development especially in friendship. This friendship leads to feelings of liking for the opposite sex which is called courtship. Dating in the sense of special friendship between young men and women in principle has a good purpose to get to know each other's personalities. But this good intention is sometimes tainted by the irregularities that occur in the courtship process. This deviation occurs because of the wrong concept of dating as well as the moral decline among teenagers. This study uses a qualitative approach with the aim of knowing the morality of dating among adolescents at SMA Negeri I Mandrehe. The research findings are as follows: In general, respondents have received education and assistance from teachers and parents about how to interpret courtship. Even so, some of them have not interpreted courtship precisely. In fact, some of them had bad experiences in dating. Some of them openly share their dating experiences with their parents.    

This research aims to find out how child maintenance cases (alimentation) are resolved by parents after divorce in the Gorontalo Religious Court and what the legal consequences are if parents do not carry out their child maintenance obligations (alimentation) after a divorce decision in the Gorontalo Religious Court. This research uses empirical research. This research is research originating from field observations and uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The results of this research show that the case resolution process involves lawsuits, trials and mediation. If mediation fails, the Religious Court issues a decision. However, sometimes the losing party does not comply with the decision. Winners can request execution, including confiscation of property or salaries. In this case, the father is still obliged to support the child after the divorce, but implementation is problematic. Some fathers are reluctant to fulfill this obligation. The Religious Courts play an important role in enforcing this. Research emphasizes the protection of children's rights and law enforcement to fulfill post-divorce livelihoods. Meanwhile, the legal consequences of non-fulfillment of child maintenance (alimentation) by an ex-husband who does not comply with the decision, the party who wins in the trial can submit a request to the Chair of the Religious Court to force the implementation of the decision and carry out the execution. If within a certain time the ex-husband still does not comply with the decision, the winning party can ask for the ex-husband's property to be confiscated, but still pay attention to the father's financial condition.