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The core issue of this study focuses on the impact of media featuring illustrated words on the pre-reading skills of children in group B at TK Insan Cemerlang in Makassar City. The aim of this research is to determine the extent to which illustrated word media affects the pre-reading abilities of children in group B at the preschool. The methodology employed in this study involves conducting an experiment with a single group design, which includes both pre-tests and post-tests. he research sample is made up of 14 children from the B2 class at TK Insan Cemerlan To gather data, the researcher implemented a checklist technique to assess pre-reading development. Data collection methods included observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted utilizing the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, assisted by IBM SPSS 25 software. The findings of the study indicate a significant effect on children's pre-reading skills after they were exposed to the illustrated word media. The average score for the pre-test was 5. 5, while the average score for the post-test rose to 13. Analysis of the data using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test yielded an Asymp. sig (2-tailed) value of 0. 01, indicating a probability below 0. 05.

Mosques play a strategic role as centers of worship and community development at the local level, serving not only as places of worship but also as spaces for non-formal religious education. However, many rural mosques are experiencing declining functionality due to limited facilities, human resources, and a lack of sustainable programs. This condition is evident in the Al-Karomah Mosque in Kalibundar Hamlet, where religious activities have declined due to the lack of sustainability of the Al-Qur'an Education Park (TPA) program. This community service activity aims to revitalize the function of the mosque by strengthening the TPA by emphasizing the instilling of religious moderation values ​​and increasing community participation. The method used is Participatory Action Research (PAR) involving mosque administrators, TPA teachers, community leaders, and parents of students through observation, interviews, and documentation of activities. The program implemented includes improving TPA management, teacher training, developing a simple curriculum based on religious moderation, and reactivating Quran recitation activities and habituating worship. The results of the activity indicate an increase in interest in learning the Quran, strengthening the values ​​of tolerance and togetherness, increasing community participation, and growing awareness of the importance of religious moderation. Thus, revitalizing prayer rooms through strengthening TPA is effective in strengthening religiosity while building social harmony based on religious moderation. The method used in this article is Participatory Action Research (PAR), involving mushola management, TPA teachers, community leaders, and parents of students through field observations, interviews with religious figures, and activity documentation. Program activities include improving TPA management, teacher training, developing a simple curriculum based on religious moderation, and reactivating Qur’anic learning and regular worship activities. The results of the program show: (1) increased interest in learning the Qur'an among children and youth, (2) strengthened values of tolerance, togetherness, and social awareness, (3) growing community participation in religious activities, (4) the role of the mushola as a center of religious moderation at the hamlet level, (5) increased participation of students and community members, (6) rising awareness of the importance of religious moderation, and (7) the reestablishment of Mushola Al-Karomah as a center of community religious activities. Thus, revitalizing the mushola through the TPA has proven effective in strengthening religious values while building social harmony based on religious moderation

This research examines the role of family quality time in dealing with children with special needs (ABK) from the perspective of John 9:2-3. Based on analysis of the text, this research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with library study methods to collect and analyze data from various relevant sources. The results of the discussion show that children with special needs are God's initial creation, and there is a need for a deep understanding of human diversity and rejection of stigmatization related to children's conditions. In this context, the role of the family is very important in supporting, protecting and treating children with special needs with appropriate love and respect. The perspective of John 9:2-3 shows that the physical or mental condition of children with special needs is not the result of sin, but is an opportunity to demonstrate God's power and demonstrate God's love and deep concern for children. Therefore, implementing the role of family quality time involves several approaches, including giving full attention when together, involving children in family activities, and reading and meditating on the Bible together. So, this approach has great potential to promote the well-being and development of children with special needs, as well as strengthen healthy and inclusive intrafamilial relationships. Thus, the role of family quality time in dealing with children with special needs is important morally and spiritually, as well as in forming a strong foundation for children's growth and happiness in the family context.

Introduction: Elementary school children play a very important role in the development stages of children in their middle and final stages of childhood. Children's emotional mental health can also influence their own future, and have a big impact on family, friends, teachers and society, because Parents need to supervise their children when using smartphones. The duration of smartphone use for children aged 3-S years is 1 hour per day and for children aged 6-18 years is 2 hours per day. Method:The design of this research is a quantitative descriptive design using a cross sectional approach. The samples for this research are 71 students using a total sampling technique. The measuring tool for this research used the SDQ (Strength & Difficulties Questionnaire) questionnaire. There are 5 categories or aspects of behavior that are measured to detect emotional mental health, namely emotional problems, behavioral problems, hyperactivity, peer problems, and prosocial, each category has 3 divisions, Normal Borderline, Abnormal. Result:The research results obtain are Normal 4 (5.6%), Borderline 62 (87.4%). Abnormal are 5 (7.0%). Conclusion:It is hoped that this research will provide input for elementary school children so that they can adapt to their environment. Parents also play a very important role for children so that children do not become addicted to smartphones.  

Intestinal parasitic infections caused by non-Soil Transmitted Helminths (non-STH), particularly Enterobius vermicularis, remain a public health problem in developing countries, including Indonesia. Transmission does not require soil as a medium but occurs through direct contact, autoinfection, or unclean household environments. In children, infection may cause perianal itching, sleep disturbances, loss of appetite, and secondary infections due to scratching, which can affect nutritional status, sleep quality, and overall growth and development. This study was conducted in Kupang City, an endemic area of helminthiasis, to determine the prevalence and risk factors of E. vermicularis infection among children aged 1–5 years. A cross-sectional design with total sampling was applied to 30 children living in RT 008/RW 003, Penfui Timur Village, Kupang Tengah District, from February to May 2025. Risk factor data were collected using structured questionnaires covering personal hygiene, environmental sanitation, socioeconomic status, and parental education. Infection was identified using the scotch tape technique and microscopic examination. The results showed a prevalence of 7% (2 out of 30 children), mainly among boys aged ≥4 years, with poor personal hygiene, inadequate sanitation, low economic status, and parental education at elementary school level or below. In conclusion, enterobiasis in children is influenced by a combination of behavioral, environmental, and socioeconomic factors. Prevention should not rely solely on mass deworming programs but also require continuous health education for parents, improved hygiene practices, and household sanitation.

The family plays a central role in shaping children’s growth and well-being, particularly in marginalized communities where access to education and healthcare is limited. This study aims to describe the forms of family support in improving the well-being of children at Sanggar Anak Sungai Deli, a non-formal educational institution located along the banks of the Deli River in Medan City. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the research involved observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The informants included families of children, sanggar administrators, and children actively participating in the program. The findings reveal that family support is manifested in six main indicators: (1) positive emotional relationships, (2) provision of safety and comfort, (3) instilling positive values, (4) support for education and talent development, (5) protection from negative influences, and (6) partial fulfillment of basic needs. These supports contribute significantly to children’s emotional, social, and intellectual well-being, although the physical aspect remains less fulfilled due to economic constraints. Despite limited financial resources, families demonstrate care and commitment to supporting their children’s development. Sanggar Anak Sungai Deli serves as an essential partner by providing a safe and supportive learning environment. This study concludes that family involvement, combined with community-based interventions such as SASUDE, is crucial in ensuring holistic child well-being. The implications highlight the importance of strengthening collaboration between families, community organizations, and government to address gaps in child welfare programs in marginalized areas.  

Children with special needs (ABK) often face various challenges that require extra attention and support from their families. This study aims to determine the role of families in supporting the welfare of ABK at SLB Kasih Ibu in Dolok Masihul District. The research method used is qualitative descriptive research. Data collection was conducted through interviews, observation, and documentation. There were nine informants in this study. The results showed that the family plays a role in improving the welfare of children with special needs through several main aspects, namely: family resilience, which includes physical, social, and psychological resilience, which is fulfilled through basic needs, religious values, communication, commitment, and emotional management. The family provides personal support in the form of information, emotional support, education, and daily assistance. Good family relationships with effective communication and positive reinforcement, as well as the lack of community capacity in serving children with special needs. The welfare of children with special needs is fulfilled through basic needs, care, nurturing, and guidance from their families. Families also play a role in meeting the basic needs of children with special needs and protecting them from violence, discrimination, and unfair treatment, thereby creating a safe and supportive environment for the optimal development of children with special needs..

This study was motivated by the high number of stunted children found in stunting locations, namely in Kelurahan Kahean and Sigulang-gulang, Kecamatan Siantar Utara, Kota Pematangsiantar. This study also found indications of inadequate parenting patterns in terms of nutrition and child health care. This condition is a serious concern because stunting not only affects children's physical growth but also influences their cognitive development and future quality of life. To understand this phenomenon in depth, this study used a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, literature studies, and documentation, involving six main informants. The results of the study revealed that 4 of the 6 parents with stunted children practiced inadequate parenting, particularly neglectful parenting, which was the most dominant parenting style. This neglectful parenting style was characterized by a lack of adequate supervision and attention to providing nutritious food and health care for children. Parents who apply this parenting style tend to consistently ignore their children's nutritional and health needs, thereby increasing the risk of stunting. In addition, some parents also apply a permissive parenting style, which is characterized by allowing children to freely choose food without clear boundaries or rules. As a result, children often consume unhealthy foods and have irregular eating schedules. In addition to parenting factors, limited socioeconomic conditions also exacerbate the risk of stunting. Parents' low level of knowledge about balanced nutrition and child health care further increases the likelihood of children experiencing stunting. This shows that economic and educational factors are major obstacles in efforts to prevent stunting in the Kecamatan Siantar Utara.

Violence against children in the school environment is a serious problem that requires special attention. This legal counseling activity aims to increase understanding of child protection and violence prevention, especially at SMPN 1 Parangloe, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi. Through counseling methods, interactive discussions, and documentation, the research team successfully involved 50 students, 3 teachers, and 7 parents in the activity held on February 24, 2025. The results showed a significant increase in participants' awareness of children's rights and steps to prevent violence. Students became more active in participating in discussions and more courageous in reporting cases of violence they experienced or witnessed. However, challenges such as concerns about social stigma are still barriers that need to be overcome. This activity emphasized the importance of collaboration between schools, parents and communities to create a safe and supportive environment for children's development. Thus, this counseling not only provides knowledge but also builds children's confidence in dealing with potential violence at school.

The Family Hope Program (PKH) is a conditional social assistance program provided by the government to improve the quality of life of underprivileged families through support in the education, health, and social welfare sectors. In its implementation, the process of determining PKH candidate recipients at the West Sumba Regency Social Service often experiences obstacles, especially with regard to objectivity, accuracy of targets, and limitations in complex data management. Thus, a decision support system (SPK) is needed that can assist the agency in selecting prospective recipients more effectively, efficiently, and on target. This study proposes the application of the Naive Bayes method in the development of SPK to determine PKH recipients. The Naive Bayes method was chosen because of its ability to classify data based on probability, and it can handle large volumes of data with a good degree of accuracy. The criteria applied in the classification include the level of household income, the number of members covered, the state of residence, the education of children, and the health of family members. The research process includes needs analysis, system design, data collection, application of Naive Bayes algorithms, and system testing. The findings of the study show that SPK based on Naive Bayes can provide recommendations for PKH recipients with better accuracy compared to manual methods. In addition, the system is able to improve transparency, fairness, and speed in the recipient selection procedure. With this system, it is hoped that the distribution of PKH in West Sumba Regency can be more orderly, balanced, and on target in accordance with the goals of government programs.

Fine motor skills are the abilities to control small muscles for successful skill performance.  Developing fine motor skills in children is crucial to prepare them for writing upon entering formal education (elementary school). This research aimed to analyze the influence of beading body part pictures on the fine motor skill development of 5-6-year-old children at RA Mawar Ar-Rahman. This study employed a pre-experimental design with a one-group pre-test post-test approach. The population consisted of 38 respondents, with all 38 included in the study using total sampling. The intervention was implemented over four sessions, three days apart, using the Denver Developmental Screening Test II (DDST II), observation sheets, Standard Operating Procedures (SOP), and beading modules as instruments. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. The results showed that before the beading activity, almost half of the respondents (17 respondents, 44.7%) showed developing fine motor skills. After the beading activity, a significantly larger number of respondents (23 respondents, 60.5%) showed very good development. This indicates a significant influence of beading body part pictures on the fine motor skill development of 56-year-old children at RA Mawar Ar-Rahman (p-value 0.001 < α = 0.05). Playing stringing games can develop fine motor skills and optimize children’s development. It looks enjoyable for the children, increases their knowledge, and also encourages them to communicate with one another.

Teeth and mouth are the first part of the digestive system, where germs and bacteria can enter and cause health problems. Teeth are also part of the body. Tooth decay can affect the health of other body parts, which can disrupt daily activities. Brushing your teeth plays a very important role in preventing the development of bacteria that can cause tooth decay. Therefore, effective educational efforts are needed to care for teeth by brushing your teeth at least twice a day at the right time, in the morning after breakfast and at night before bed. The behavior of eating sticky and sweet foods can affect the occurrence of tooth decay. One method that is considered effective is education that can increase knowledge about how to brush your teeth properly. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of providing education on how to brush your teeth properly and correctly to increase the knowledge of elementary school children. This study used a quasi-experimental research method (Quasi Experimental Design), a pre-experimental design with a pre-post design Single group that is quantitative. The population in this study was 55 people. The research sample was 35 people using the Slovin formula with a margin of error (0.1). with a significance level of p <0.05.

This study aims to identify words that contain lexical ambiguity, explore their meanings, and classify them in the children’s book Amelia Bedelia by Herman Parish. The data were collected from the Amelia Bedelia Chapter Books series, which consists of twelve books published between 2013 and 2018. The analysis identified a total of 58 words with lexical ambiguity, including 46 instances of polysemy and 12 of homonymy. The classification of polysemy and homonymy is based on the semantic relatedness or unrelatedness between the multiple meanings of each word. The Amelia Bedelia stories effectively illustrate how children perceive and react to lexical ambiguity through the main character, Amelia, who is known for her literal interpretations of figurative language. This literal understanding often leads to humorous situations. Lexical ambiguity in these books functions not only as a source of entertainment but also as a valuable linguistic learning tool. Therefore, the stories contribute to language development in early childhood readers.

Bullying remains a serious problem in primary education because it affects children’s psychosocial development, academic performance, and mental health. This community service program focused on educational efforts to prevent bullying at SDN Pamoyanan, Padamaju Village, Pagelaran Sub-district, Cianjur Regency. The aim of this activity was to increase students’ understanding of the definition, forms, impacts, and prevention strategies of bullying, as well as to foster collective awareness in creating a safe and inclusive learning environment. The method applied was a participatory research approach that involved teachers and students in every stage, from planning, implementation, to evaluation. Activities were carried out through observation, discussion, material presentation, simulation, and reflection. The results showed a significant increase in students’ knowledge, where before the intervention most of them did not understand the concept of bullying, but after the program, the majority were able to identify its forms and prevention steps. In addition, the program successfully built positive interactions and encouraged students to be more courageous in sharing their experiences and perspectives regarding bullying. Overall, the findings indicate that participatory-based education is effective in strengthening students’ understanding while fostering more empathetic and collaborative social attitudes. This activity is expected to continue sustainably by involving teachers, parents, and the wider community to strengthen bullying prevention efforts in primary schools.

Maternal and child health is an important indicator of public health development. However, at Posyandu Cendana, Bekasi, the optimal utilization of services remains low. Challenges include limited community knowledge, particularly among mothers, regarding the importance of posyandu services, low awareness of routine check-ups, and insufficient understanding among cadres in delivering clear and accessible health information. To address these issues, this community service program is designed in the form of socialization activities with participatory and educational approaches. The program covers maternal and child health education, practical training on child growth monitoring, the importance of immunization, balanced nutrition, and reproductive health. The stages include problem identification with cadres and posyandu managers, implementation through interactive lectures, group discussions, and field practice, as well as evaluation using pre-tests, post-tests, and observations of community participation. The program involves lecturers, students, posyandu cadres, and local officials to ensure sustainability. The expected outcomes include improved maternal knowledge of posyandu roles and publication of results in mass media and scientific journals.

Extreme poverty remains a major challenge in rural areas of Indonesia, including Nagori Bandar Manik, Pamatang Sidamanik District, Simalungun Regency. The 2025 UINSU Community Service Program (KKN) was carried out to empower local communities through various activities covering economic, educational, religious, social-environmental, and health aspects. This program employed a qualitative approach by involving active community participation in needs assessment, socialization, training, and evaluation. In the economic aspect, workshops on dishwashing liquid and herbal pesticide production were implemented as alternative household businesses. The educational sector included religious moderation through a short movie screening Mabbere, anti-bullying campaigns, ecoprint totebag training, and teaching at kindergarten, elementary, and junior high school levels. In the religious field, activities included Qur’an learning after Maghrib with children and Yasin recitals for both men and women. The social-environmental aspect was realized through community clean-up, educational boards on waste decomposition, distribution of garbage bins, and environmental awareness campaigns. Meanwhile, the health aspect focused on education about clean and healthy living behaviors, stunting prevention campaigns, and community exercise. The findings revealed improvements in entrepreneurial skills, children’s literacy, spiritual values, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles. The implication highlights that multidimensional community empowerment can serve as an effective strategy to reduce extreme poverty and promote sustainable village development.  

This study aims to examine the relationship between paternal involvement and bullying victimization in Pharmacy students in West Sumatra. Using a quantitative approach, this study involved 320 respondents selected from various Pharmacy colleges in the region. The research instrument was independently developed by the researcher, with the paternal involvement scale compiled based on Lamb's (2010) theory which includes the dimensions of direct involvement, emotional availability, and paternal responsibility. Meanwhile, the scale of bullying victimization refers to the theory of Smith et al. (1999), which includes forms of physical, verbal, social, and cyber victimization. Data analysis was conducted using the Pearson correlation technique, which showed a significant negative association between paternal involvement and bullying victimization (r = -0.728; p = 0.000). These findings indicate that the higher the level of father's involvement in a child's life, the lower the likelihood of the child experiencing bullying victimization. On the other hand, low involvement of fathers can increase the risk of students becoming victims of bullying. The results of this study make an important contribution to understanding the role of fathers as a protective factor against victimization behavior, as well as being the basis for the development of family interventions in the context of higher education. This research also opens up space for further studies on family dynamics and student mental health.

Kuala Indah Village in Sei Suka, Batubara, North Sumatra, is a coastal village whose economy relies on fisheries and aquaculture. The community is predominantly Muslim and also practices small-scale agriculture and animal husbandry. The Community Service Program (KKN) provides a platform for students to apply academic theory in real-world contexts, while also encouraging active community involvement. KKN students implement various programs, such as stunting prevention, religious moderation, skills training for poverty alleviation, and education for children and adolescents. They also play a role in increasing community participation through cultural activities and supporting local businesses by strengthening digital visibility. These initiatives support the creation of inclusive villages, providing equal access and opportunities regardless of gender, religion, or socioeconomic status. This collaborative approach reinforces the value of mutual cooperation and enriches social and educational life in the village. Through KKN, universities demonstrate their tangible contribution to village development. The success of this program underscores the importance of social inclusion and collective work in promoting sustainable development in rural areas like Kuala Indah.  

Early childhood education is a fundamental stage in shaping children's cognitive, social, emotional, and motor development. However, learning practices in many early childhood institutions still rely on conventional methods that make children passive and less engaged. This community service program was implemented at PAUD Alamanda in Padamaju Village with a focus on introducing color concepts through play-based learning strategies. The objective of this program was to enhance the quality of science learning that is more interactive, enjoyable, and developmentally appropriate, while also strengthening teachers’ capacity in designing innovative learning strategies. The method applied was Participatory Action Research, conducted in several stages including observation and coordination, teacher training, implementation of play activities with children, and reflection and evaluation. The results revealed that children became more enthusiastic, successfully recognized primary and secondary colors, and demonstrated improvements in fine motor skills, creativity, and social interaction. Teachers also gained new insights into the application of more varied and innovative teaching methods. Overall, this program successfully bridged the gap between early childhood education theories emphasizing play-based learning and classroom practices, and contributed positively to the improvement of early childhood education quality.

Emotional neglect is a form of non-physical maltreatment that occurs when a child fails to receive sufficient emotional support, attention, and affection necessary for proper psychological growth. This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of emotional neglect among a male juvenile inmate at the Correctional House for Adolescents (LPKA) Class II Payakumbuh and to understand how these experiences influenced emotional and behavioral development prior to engagement in criminal activities. A qualitative design with a descriptive phenomenological approach was employed, and data were collected through three in-depth interviews with a 17-year-old participant who had experienced emotional neglect since childhood. Analysis was conducted using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) stages. Findings revealed that emotional neglect caused deep emotional wounds, persistent loneliness, family disintegration, and emotional escape through deviant behaviors, including drug use and also criminal acts. The participant also expressed a profound emotional longing for his mother and attempted to reconstruct his self-identity by seeking supportive relationships outside the family environment. The study emphasizes the critical importance of emotional care in parenting and highlights the need for systemic interventions and support for children raised in dysfunctional families to prevent the development of maladaptive behaviors and to promote healthier emotional and social development.