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The title of this research is Psychological Problem of the Main Character in James Bird's The Brave. This study aims to determine the psychological problems faced by the main character, the causal factors that contribute to the main character, and what effects of  the psychological issues toward the family relationships and social life of the main character. This data was collected by reading the novel repeatedly and then using the note-taking technique to find statements related to the topic to be analysed. The main and supporting theories that are applied in writing this research are taken from Stanley Rachman and Padmal de Silva in their book entitled Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (2009).. Based on the results of the analysis, the psychological problems of the main character are found to be Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder from childhood. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder affects him and the environment by blaming himself, making his anxiety recur, and making his brain panic and traumatized. In addition, the effect of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder on those around him is that he makes people frustrated and annoyed when talking to him, and he loses hisfriends..

This study aims to reveal parenting strategies in shaping the character of Christian children's faith amidst the challenges of the modern era. Using a descriptive qualitative approach and data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation, this study was conducted in a local church environment. The findings show that Christian parents implement three main strategies, namely: exemplary living based on the teachings of Christ, spiritual discipline through family worship activities, and creating quality time with children. Despite facing challenges such as busy work, the influence of digital media, and inconsistent behavior, most parents still try to evaluate themselves and maintain the values ​​of faith in the household. Effective parenting is not only instructional, but also relational and spiritual, emphasizing the importance of the role of parents as real life role models. The results of this study are expected to be a reference for churches, Christian schools, and parent communities in developing strategies for fostering children's faith in a sustainable manner amidst the dynamic development of the era.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Sea Toll Program, specifically Route T-26, with a focus on its outcomes and tangible benefits for the community in Fakfak Regency, West Papua. The research employed a descriptive quantitative method using statistical analysis through a paired sample t-test. Primary data were collected through field observations and interviews with relevant agencies such as the Directorate of Sea Traffic and Transportation and field implementation consultants, while secondary data were sourced from the 2024 operational report of Route T-26. Data collection techniques included field observation, primary surveys, document studies, and secondary data analysis. The findings indicate that the Sea Toll Program contributes to improving logistics distribution, lowering the prices of several key commodities, and reducing household expenditures, although statistical tests showed that the price differences were not significant. The implications highlight the need to optimize the volume and regularity of Sea Toll voyages to strengthen economic resilience in remote, outermost, underdeveloped, and border areas (3TP).

Natural gas is an essential industrial fluid, and its distribution requires a pipeline system that is safe and leak-free. Leakage in natural gas pipelines remains a major concern, as it reduces public confidence in using gas for household purposes. Therefore, testing is conducted before the pipeline network is operated. One commonly used method to detect leaks is the Pneumatic Test, which evaluates the strength and integrity of pipes and their joints according to standards for polyethylene natural gas pipelines. This test uses compressed air supplied by a compressor, with pressure and temperature measured at the inlet pipe using a pressure gauge. The study found no pressure changes or leakage throughout the test. The calculated holding time required for the pneumatic procedure was 1 hour, 26 minutes, and 8 seconds. Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) results showed that: (a) at 50% of test pressure (approximately 10 bar), the pipe held for 15 minutes with no pressure drop; (b) at 75% (around 15 bar), pressure remained stable for 15 minutes; and (c) at 100% (20 bar), pressure was maintained for 75 minutes without loss. Welding was performed using Nikko Steel electrodes (2 mm × 300 mm, 50–80 A), supported by proper safety gear and tools, and a Riland welding machine with a 400-A capacity.

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an acute infectious disease caused by the dengue virus and transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. DHF remains a significant public health concern in Indonesia, including in Aceh Province, which reports a high incidence rate annually. North Aceh ranks seventh in the number of DHF cases among all districts/cities in the province. Transmission occurs through the bite of an infected mosquito or when mosquitoes acquire the virus after biting a viremic individual. This study aims to assess environmental and host factors among DHF patients admitted to Cut Meutia General Hospital. A descriptive study with a cross-sectional design was conducted, involving 38 patients aged 1–17 years hospitalized from January 2019 to December 2021. The findings revealed that 78.9% of patients lived in homes without window screens, and 89.5% had water storage containers in their household environment. Regarding host factors, the majority of patients were aged 11–17 years (65.8%) and male (81.6%), with moderate levels of knowledge (55.3%) and preventive behavior (65.8%) toward DHF. These findings highlight the relevance of environmental and individual determinants in the occurrence of DHF and may inform future disease prevention and control strategies in endemic areas.

Cottage salak (Salacca zalacca (Gaertn.) Voss) is one of the tropical fruits that not only has high nutritional value, but also contains bioactive compounds that have the potential to be natural antibacterial. The skin of the salak pondoh fruit is often considered waste, even though this part is rich in chemical compounds such as flavonoids, saponins, phenols, tannins, alkaloids, chlorogenic acid, ferrulic acid, and protocatetic acid. These compounds are known to have biological activity that is able to inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi bacteria are the main causes of diarrhea and typhoid fever that affect many people, especially in areas with poor sanitation. Infection of these two bacteria can cause intestinal tissue damage, dehydration, and even serious complications if not treated immediately. Therefore, efforts to find alternative antibacterial agents from natural ingredients such as salak pondoh bark are important. This study aims to test the effectiveness of ethanol extract of salak pondoh bark against E. coli and S. typhi bacteria. Extraction was carried out by the maceration method using ethanol as a solvent, then continued with testing of antibacterial activity using the disc diffusion method. The concentration of the extract was tested on several variations to determine the minimum concentration capable of providing an optimal buffer zone against both test bacteria. The community service program integrated with this research aims to increase public understanding regarding the potential of salak pondoh skin as a natural antibacterial. Education is carried out through counseling and demonstrations of making simple extracts that can be used to clean household appliances or prevent microbial contamination of foodstuffs. With this approach, it is hoped that the community can use salak pondoh skin waste more productively, while reducing dependence on synthetic chemicals that have the potential to cause side effects.

Stunting remains a significant public health issue in Indonesia. One of the government’s efforts to address this problem is through the exclusive breastfeeding program. However, the achievement of this program is still below expectations. This community service activity was conducted at the Langkak Village Hall, Kuala Pesisir District, Nagan Raya Regency, using lectures and discussions as methods. The participants consisted of 27 individuals, including pregnant women and mothers with toddlers. The activity took place on Thursday, August 8, 2024, for a duration of 90 minutes, and was attended by 17 participants. During the discussion/Q&A session, seven participants actively asked questions related to exclusive breastfeeding and shared the challenges they encountered in practicing it. The results indicated the need for a more structured strategy to enhance understanding and implementation of exclusive breastfeeding within the community. One proposed strategy is the establishment of the “Family Loves Baby” class, based on a SWOT analysis approach. This class would involve one family member from each household with an infant aged 0–6 months, serving as a support system for exclusive breastfeeding. Additionally, Posyandu cadres are expected to play an active role in providing education and raising awareness among mothers, families, and the broader community about the importance of exclusive breastfeeding to prevent stunting. This approach is expected to serve as a concrete step in supporting the government’s program to reduce stunting rates in the region.

This study investigates the impact of Habitat for Humanity Indonesia's Decent Housing Program on improving the quality of life of poor residents in Marga Mulya Village. The research aims to evaluate the role of community empowerment through the program in increasing access to decent housing, as well as to assess its broader impacts on education, health, and the economic conditions of the beneficiaries. Using a qualitative research method with a case study approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews with program participants and key stakeholders. The findings show that the Decent Housing Program has significantly improved access to adequate and safe housing for the poor. In the field of education, improved housing conditions have created a more conducive environment for children to study, leading to greater learning motivation and better academic achievements. In terms of health, better sanitation facilities and healthier living environments have reduced the risk of infectious diseases and contributed to the residents' overall physical and mental well-being. Economically, access to stable and decent housing has reduced household expenditures on home repairs, allowing families to allocate more resources toward productive economic activities. However, the study also identified several challenges that need to be addressed to further enhance program effectiveness. These challenges include the location of housing projects that are difficult to access, which affects residents' mobility and access to public services, and issues related to the quality of construction that require continuous monitoring and improvement. Overall, the study highlights the positive contribution of the Decent Housing Program while providing recommendations for its future development.

The case of young couples at the beginning of marriage still choose to live in the same house with their parents, especially from the husband's side, so that the wife is also required to follow her husband to live with his parents, in this case the in-laws for the wife, so that it can trigger household problems that encourage the in-laws to interfere in it. This study aims to determine the type of interpersonal conflict between daughters-in-law and mothers-in-law who live in the same house in the Batak Toba tribe in Situmeang Hasundutan Village, Sipoholon District and the causes of "sanding" between daughters-in-law and mothers-in-law who live in the same house in the Batak Toba tribe in Situmeang Hasundutan Village, Sipoholon District and How is the stereotype of society towards sanding between daughters-in-law and mothers-in-law who live in the same house in the Batak Toba tribe in Situmeang Hasundutan Village, Sipoholon District. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data collection was conducted through direct interviews with informants; daughter-in-law, mother-in-law, husband, traditional leader, community. Descriptive analysis technique was conducted to analyze the “Case of “Sanding” Between Daughter-in-Law and Mother-in-Law Who Live in the Same House in the Batak Toba Community in Situmeang Hasundutan Village, Sipoholon District, North Tapanuli Regency”. The results of this study indicate that in the Batak Toba community in Situmeang Hasundutan Village, the conflict between daughter-in-law and mother-in-law is seen as a natural thing that is unavoidable, because there are several factors that occur, namely several types of conflicts that occur: Role conflict, Communication conflict, Cultural value conflict, Personality conflict. There are 2 Stereotypes of the Batak Toba community in Situmeang Hasundutan Village towards daughters-in-law who live in the same house with their mothers-in-law, namely positive stereotypes and negative stereotypes. Positive stereotypes: Role as a household manager, Guardian of customary values, Helping each other with household chores. Negative stereotypes: Intergenerational conflict, feelings of being pressured or unappreciated, lack of privacy.

Family is the most important part of human life. Outwardly, every human being aspires to form a family consisting of human parts bound in a marriage bond which is then called a household. The core purpose of forming a family is to create a more focused human life and provide benefits for the lives of other humans. Before humans develop in life and larger relationships in society and even the country, they are very much determined by family life. If family life is good and patterned with the mission and goals of the family. Then, children who come from good families will become good future generations, and vice versa. In essence, the family greatly determines human development in their lives in the midst of society. This study will provide an overview of how a husband and wife should instill good character for the development of their children through education instilled in the family. Thus, the good and bad of a family can be seen from the children who are raised in the family in question.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Free Nutritious Meal Program (MBG) in underdeveloped regions, with a case study conducted in Merauke Regency, South Papua Province. The main focus is to examine to what extent the policy reflects the principles of social justice, particularly for vulnerable groups such as students from low-income families, indigenous communities, and those living in remote areas. This research adopts a descriptive qualitative approach using in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis. The findings reveal that the MBG program has positively contributed to student attendance, improved nutritional intake, and alleviated household economic burdens. However, disparities in access, logistical challenges, and resource limitations remain significant obstacles. From  social justice, the program has yet to fully meet the difference principle, as students in the most disadvantaged areas face the greatest barriers to access. Likewise, through the lens of capability approach, institutional limitations and a lack of community engagement hinder the program’s effective utilization. The study concludes that while MBG is a progressive public policy initiative, improvements are needed in implementation design, inter-agency coordination, and local-based approaches. Recommendations include strengthening logistics, promoting local food diversification, and establishing participatory evaluation mechanisms to ensure the program’s sustainability and equity.

The superior horticultural commodity, namely starfruit, has great potential in increasing farmers' income, especially in the Langensari area, Banjar City. However, the need to increase household expenditure efficiency is a challenge that must be overcome. Thus, it is important to analyze how the profits and expenditure patterns of starfruit farmers' households in Langensari The method used in this study is the survey method and the analysis method used is income analysis and R/C ratio. The results of the study of the average profit per hectare of starfruit farming in Langensari District, Banjar City is IDR 103,536,510.30. With an R/C value of 3.19, it shows that it has a very high efficiency value. The pattern of household expenditure of farmers with a total average expenditure of IDR 3,016,394, which is divided into Household Needs of 77%, Education Expenditure of 21.3%, Health Costs of 1.73%, and PBB expenditure of 0.17%.

Divorce is a complex social phenomenon with significant impacts on families, especially children. In Islamic law, divorce is permitted as a last resort when household life cannot be maintained, although it is considered the most hated lawful act by Allah. This study analyzes divorce from the perspective of Islamic family law, focusing on the causal factors, legal impacts, and preventive measures. The main factors of divorce include disharmony in relationships, economic problems, the presence of a third party, and domestic violence. The legal impacts include child custody, division of property, and maintenance obligations, which are often not fulfilled by the ex-husband, causing inequality in legal protection for women and children. Recommended preventive measures include premarital education, family counseling based on Islamic values, and strengthening mediation institutions such as BP4. This study uses qualitative methods with literature analysis to provide a comprehensive understanding of divorce in Islamic law and its implications in Indonesia.

A healthy latrine is one of the essential sanitation facilities aimed at maintaining environmental health and improving public health in general. This research was conducted because the use of healthy latrines in Webetun Village remains low, where defecating in the forest has become a common practice among the community. This habit triggers the emergence of diseases such as diarrhea, malnutrition, undernutrition, dengue fever, and respiratory infections. This study aims to examine the behavior of latrine use in households in Webetun Village, Rinhat Subdistrict, Malaka Regency. This research uses a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The study involved 66 housewives who owned healthy latrines, selected through simple random sampling. Data analysis was conducted using the chi-square test. The results showed that variables such as latrine ownership (p=0.000) and water availability (p=0.000) were significantly associated with latrine use, while knowledge (p=0.681), attitude (p=0.588), actions (p=0.007), community leader support (p=0.081), and health worker support (p=0.069) were not significantly associated with latrine use. The findings revealed that water availability significantly influences latrine use. The availability of water facilitates family members in utilizing latrine facilities for activities such as flushing and maintaining cleanliness. Water availability also contributes to user comfort in maintaining latrine hygiene. Conversely, water scarcity hinders optimal latrine use by family members, potentially reducing utilization levels. The study findings also identified a correlation between latrine ownership and its use. Families are considered critical factors in shaping individual health behavior. The relationship between proper latrine ownership and usage behavior can be seen through the role of education in increasing awareness levels for adopting a healthy and clean lifestyle. 

AbstractThe Christian home is like a vast ocean to be crossed. On the journey across the vast ocean,sometimes you will experience calm, but often it will be turbulent, through typhoons, filled withrocks and icebergs. However, many arks of Christian households are sunk or divorced because ofhitting rocks or complicated problems, and innocent children remain as victims. This happensbecause of the lack of preparation that is carried out before entering the household or also becauseof the lack of preparation that is carried out before entering the household or also because of a lackof vigilance in living a household life, it is necessary to provide God's providence in the household.Therefore, the author uses an inductive method in the form of literary studies as the theologicalbasis for God's providence in marriage for the happiness of Christian households

The church is a community, like organizations in general, the church has an important role in the lives of its congregation members. In the organizational structure, each church has an intra-ecclesiastical administrator. The Administrators of each congregation will be representatives of each congregation. OIG category PPGT Klas Rembon Sado'ko' held an entrepreneurship seminar with the aim of providing knowledge, motivation and finding business opportunities. Entrepreneurship seminar activities in the Sub Theme: The Role of Christian Youth and finding opportunities in the era of society 5.0. This activity was attended by more than ± 100 people.  

The purpose of this study is to identify the impact of parental working hours and family socio-economic conditions on children's cognitive development within Indonesian Muslim households. This research uses data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) waves 4 and 5, employing fixed effect regression methodology with Stata 15.1 software. The study sample includes children from Muslim households aged 7-14 years in IFLS 4 and the same individuals aged 14-22 years in IFLS 5. The findings indicate that father’s working hours have a significant positive effect on children's cognitive development. Higher income from longer working hours enables fathers to meet children's basic needs, such as education and healthcare, which contributes to improving their well-being and cognitive abilities. However, mothers' working hours do not significantly affect children's cognitive development. Socio-economic factors, such as children's education, also have a significant positive impact on their cognitive abilities, while children's employment status has a significant negative impact. Overall, longer fathers' working hours contribute to increased family income, which ultimately supports improved socio-economic conditions and children's cognitive development. This study provides new insights into the dynamics of Muslim families and policy recommendations to support family well-being and education based on Islamic values.

Nikah siri is a marriage conducted without official state registration, resulting in significant legal implications for women and children. Religiously, this type of marriage is considered valid; however, from the perspective of state law, the lack of official registration causes women to lose their rights as wives, such as financial support, inheritance rights, and legal protection within the household. Additionally, women in nikah siri marriages do not have a strong legal basis to file for divorce or claim their rights in court. Meanwhile, children born from nikah siri marriages only have a civil relationship with their mother, making it difficult for them to obtain a birth certificate that includes their father's name, inheritances, and rights to care and education from their father. This study aims to analyze the impact of nikah siri on women's and children's rights from a legal perspective and examine the role of itsbat nikah as a legal instrument in providing certainty and protection for affected women and children. This research employs a literature study method with content analysis of various legal texts and related regulations. The findings indicate that the absence of official registration for nikah siri leads to legal uncertainty, resulting in the loss of various rights for women and children. Itsbat nikah serves as a crucial solution to provide legal recognition and protection for those affected. Therefore, official marriage registration is essential to prevent various legal issues that could harm women and children within Indonesia’s legal system.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate how effective magnet and natural environment learning is with a contextual approach by providing examples from the daily lives of grade IV-A students at SD MIS AL-QUBA. To collect data, this study used a quantitative approach that used observation, interviews, and test questions. The results showed that the use of real examples from everyday life, such as the use of magnets in household items and how ecosystems interact with each other, can improve students' understanding of science concepts. Direct experience-based learning strategies can also increase student engagement and interest in lessons. Therefore, magnet learning in the natural environment and a contextual approach can help students better understand science concepts in elementary school.

Marriage is taken in a good way to seek the pleasure of Allah SWT, in the journey of household quarrels are something that is certain to exist even in someone who loves each other, quarrels can happen in everyone's household no matter whether the person is rich, famous, intelligent, mature or even a religious figure no one can avoid quarrels, what a husband and wife can do is respond to the conflict well and calmly by not rushing to divorce each other or pronounce a divorce. Religion has provided leniency to be able to reconcile the first and second divorces therefore the husband must be very careful in pronouncing the third divorce which cannot be reconciled which in the end can make someone take the wrong path by paying muhallil and this act is an act that is cursed by Allah SWT and can make someone not get his grace.