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Rice pest control is one of the main challenges in the agricultural sector in Indonesia. Pests such as planthoppers, stem borers, and rats can cause significant losses to crop yields. Currently, many farmers have difficulty identifying pest types and how to control them quickly and effectively. Therefore, a technological solution is needed that can detect pests directly and provide recommendations for action. This study aims to design an Android-based application that is able to detect types of rice plant pests using visual images and provide recommendations for handling. This application is designed using digital image processing methods and is supported by a large pest database. This technology is expected to be an efficient and practical solution for farmers. The research method used in developing this application is a qualitative method, involving interviews with farmers, agronomists, and data collection related to pests and their damage patterns. This application utilizes AI-based pattern recognition technology to detect pests through photos taken directly by farmers. The results of the study showed that this application was able to detect several types of major pests with an accuracy of up to 85%. In addition, this application provides recommendations for handling steps based on guidelines from the Ministry of Agriculture. The trial showed that this application can help farmers identify pests faster than manual methods. The main contribution of this research is to create a technology-based solution to agricultural problems in Indonesia, especially in the rice sector. With this application, farmers can increase their yields through early identification and proper pest management. In future implementations, this application will continue to be developed to detect additional pests and expand its database. It is hoped that this application can be an important tool in supporting smart farming in Indonesia.

The decline in the quality and quantity of groundwater resources is one of the biggest challenges in natural resource management in many areas. Mapping the potential of groundwater requires technology that can identify and detect the presence of water sources with high accuracy. The purpose of this study is to develop a groundwater detection application using a capacitance-based remote sensing method, which leverages the principle of capacitance changes on the soil surface due to the presence of groundwater. The capacitance sensing method was chosen because it can detect differences in capacitance between water-filled soil and dry soil. In this study, we integrate a capacitive sensor connected to electronic devices into a mobile application to visualize and analyze the data in real-time. This application aims to enable users, such as farmers and researchers, to easily monitor and detect the presence of groundwater sources at various locations with high efficiency.

Pineapple plants are one of the leading fruits that have high economic potential in Indonesia, but often pineapple cultivation is not optimal, especially in terms of land management. The implementation of this PKM aims to provide socialization on correct soil processing to pineapple farmers in Harum Manis, Kubu Raya Regency. Pineapple farmers in that location still don't understand how to cultivate the land properly and just plant like that. Moreover, there are many obstacles currently faced by farmers, such as land shortages and extreme climate change. The method used in implementing this PKM is direct socialization followed by questions and answers. The activity went very well as shown by the enthusiasm of the farmers participating in this activity. It is hoped that after this PKM activity is completed, pineapple farmers can carry out proper soil processing to increase optimal pineapple growth and production.

Purpose: With a proper understanding of these opportunities and challenges, it is hoped that Indonesian MSMEs can be increasingly integrated into the global economy, thus providing great benefits to the Indonesian economy as a whole. The transformation of MSMEs to be more open to the international market is not only an option, but also a necessity to ensure economic and social sustainability and growth. Design/methodology/approach: The research uses mixed methods that combine qualitative and quantitative approaches, and the techniques used are in-depth interviews and focused discussions with the owner of CV Arjuna 99 (UMKM). Findings: The results of the study show that the success of CV Arjuna 99 in penetrating and maintaining the international market lies in continuous product innovation, high quality, and close partnerships with local farmers. By utilizing modern processing technology and continuing to develop variants of chips from natural ingredients, this business has succeeded in attracting interest from foreign markets, including countries such as Canada, Japan, Turkey, and Korea. This success not only has a positive impact on business growth, but also creates social benefits for local communities and employees.

This study aims to determine the quality of microorganisms and the chemical quality of milk before and after counseling, as well as farmers' attitudes regarding biosecurity in dairy farming businesses in East Java, Indonesia. Milk samples were collected from 30 dairy farmers to determine microbial and chemical quality. Paired samples T test and Wilcoxon test were used to assess attitudes after counseling. The milk tested for reductase is grade 2 milk with microorganism contamination of 500,000 – 4,000,000 cells/ml. Test results using lactoscan contained FAT 1.03%, SNF 9.47%, Density 30.06 g/ml Lactose 5.23%, Salt 0.72%, Protein 3.35%, Temperature 28.32º F and pH 5.27. The content of microorganisms decreased after the counseling was carried out. Farmers' attitudes regarding the implementation of milking biosecurity in dairy farming businesses received a T score of >50, which means that 19 people or 63% of the total respondents had a positive attitude tendency.

Food sovereignty is one of the main programs of the Indonesian government at this time. Food sovereignty must start from gradual food self-sufficiency followed by an increase in the added value of agricultural businesses that are widely used to improve the welfare of farmers. Some of the obstacles include land status, land to be printed is recorded as a forest area, water sources do not yet have adequate irrigation networks. The purpose of this service is to evaluate the achievement of the rice field printing program, analyze obstacles in achieving the program to re-optimize rice field printing land. The methods used are the Survey Preparation Stage, Survey Stage, Investigation Stage and Evaluation Stage and Report Preparation. The results obtained are: the rice field printing program only reached 10 hectares of the expected 200 hectares or only reached 5%, so real follow-up action is needed from the recommended steps, namely: increasing PPL, improving irrigation networks, adding facilities and infrastructure, and rice fields are used as secondary crops. Although there are obstacles faced, they can be resolved well.

This research aims: (1). To determine the productivity of snake fruit farming in Sindang Kasih Village, (2). Knowing the margin, costs and marketing channels for snake fruit in Sindang Kasih Village, and (3). Knowing the marketing efficiency of snake fruit farming in Sindang Kasih Village. The analysis in this research is analysis and uses primary data and secondary data. Determining the population in this research uses the census sampling method, while in marketing institutions the Snowball Sampling method is used. The results of this research show (1). The total productivity of salak farmers is 5,533 Kg/Ha/Year with an average of 2,160 Kg/Ha/Year in one harvest season. (2). There are 3 salak marketing channels in Sindang Kasih Village, namely Channel I: (Farmers - Consumers) direct channel, Channel II: (Farmers - Collectors - Retailers - Consumers) indirect channel, and Channel III (Farmers - Retailers). - Consumer) indirect channels. Successive marketing margin, namely channel I, is IDR. 12,500/Kg, Channel II at the collector level has a margin of Rp. 2,000/Kg and at the retailer level it has a margin of Rp. 5,000/Kg, and for channel III margin, at the retailer level the margin is IDR. 13,000/Kg. (3). The results of the analysis of (Farmer's Share) from the three channels, respectively Channel I is 100%, channel II is 41.67% and channel III is 64%

Kayukebek Village is one of the villages that has the potential for agricultural development in horticultural crop commodities, especially red chilies due to high market demand and quite good agricultural productivity, namely around 8.42 tons/Ha. However, the obstacle often faced by farmers is the attack of aphids on red chili plants, resulting in a decrease in production. The aim of this research is to design an extension design and analyze the increase in farmers' knowledge, attitudes and skills regarding the use of botanical pesticides in controlling aphids. The research was conducted from January to May 2024. The research method used was the Level III action research method with the stages followed, namely planning, action, observation and reflection. The results of observation and reflection show that extension is able to increase farmers' knowledge by 44%, from the pre-test value of 47%, it increases to 91% in the post-test value with a percentage of extension effectiveness of 82% and is in the effective category. Meanwhile, in the attitude aspect, the percentage is 87%, and in the skills aspect it is 93%, which can be categorized as a very high score. These results show that the extension design implemented has proven to be effective in changing farmers' behavior both in increasing knowledge and determining attitudes as well as developing farmers' skills in making vegetable pesticides to control aphids on red chili plants.

The Meaning and Message of Moral Values ​​in the Hela Keta Traditional Ritual According to the Marriage of the Oepikan Tribe, As Manulea Village, Sasitamean District, Malaka Regency". The problem in this study is how the meaning and message of moral values ​​in the hela keta traditional ritual according to the marriage of the Oepikan Tribe, As Manulea Village, Sasitamean District, Malaka Regency. The purpose of this study is adjusted to the research problem, namely to describe the initial story of the philosophy of the hela keta traditional ritual in the marriage ceremony at the Oepikan Tribe Marriage, As Manulea Village, Sasitamean District, Malaka Regency. The method used in this study is the Qualitative method. The data collection techniques used in this study are interviews and documentation. The data analysis techniques used are data collection, data reduction, data assessment, and data interpretation. The results of the study show that the hela keta traditional ritual began in ancient times, various tribes lived in the place now called the Oepikan Tribe Marriage, their livelihoods were farmers. As a result of the many tribes inhabiting the place, the stock of food supplies has also run low. As a result, war was inevitable, the aftermath of the war was lasit fekan (broken relationship), this also had a major impact on the marriage system at that time. Aware of this, the tribal leaders sat down and discussed to find a solution to this problem, and the hela keta traditional ritual was created. The meaning of the hela keta traditional ritual is as a cleansing or purification from the curses of ancestors who fought in ancient times, and also the moral value message that can be taken from the hela keta traditional ritual, namely that the hela keta traditional ritual can repair and also unite the two large families of the tribe that had been broken up due to war.

This research aims to find out: (1) the husband's income as a farmer. (2) the income of the farmer's wife (3) the contribution of the farmer's wife to the income of the farmer's household in Masalili Village, Kontunaga District, Muna Regency. This research was carried out in Masalili Village, Kontunaga District, Muna Regency from January 2023 to July 2024. The data used were primary and secondary data. The analysis used in this research is presented in table form. The main commodities cultivated by farmers are corn, cassava and tapping palm sap. The average husband's income in the agricultural sector in Masalili Village, Kontunaga District, IDR 30,151,595/year, this value is obtained from the value of income minus the value of farming production costs. The average income of farmers' wives is IDR 14,413,228/year with an average income of IDR 19,048,200/year and average expenses of IDR 4,580,972/year. This income is obtained from the kamooru weaving business, with an average income of IDR 9,671,728/year and also additional income from businesses in the agricultural sector, namely as a farm laborer and also a vegetable seller, with an average income of IDR 4,792,500/year. The results of the analysis show that farmer wives contribute 31.87% to farmer household income, while husbands' income from the agricultural sector contributes 68.12% with an average total income of farmer households of IDR 45,386,866/year.

Leguminous plants are plants with high protein and nutrient content, especially the protein content. Leguminous plants can grow anywhere but these plants have not been widely utilised by farmers. Some information related to leguminous plants is expected to help farmers overcome feed in the dry season. The information was obtained by reading and analysing literature and data from various research libraries that have been published in accredited journals. Tree legumes include indigofera, lamtoro, turi, gamal, and kaliandra. Indigofera plants have a crude protein content of 29.16%, while lamtoro, turi, gamal, kaliandra and Moringa are 23.8%; 31.29%; 22.6%; 25%; and 25.77% respectively. The nutrient content is supported by high productivity, where the production of indigofera, lamtoro, turi, gamal, and kaliandra can reach 4.096 tonnesBK/ha/year; 8.1 tonnes/ha/year; 2-3 tonnes/ha/harvest; 62.76 tonnes/ha/year; and 2-3 tonnes/ha/year, respectively. Despite its potential as animal feed, the plant needs further processing to reduce the anti-nutrients contained and increase its palatability so that livestock productivity increases.

The aim of this research is to analyze the legal protection of farmers who have expertise in plant breeding. This research method uses legal research with normative research type, which is a type of doctrinal legal research which in certain contexts is known as literature study or document study. The results of this study are that legal protection for plant breeders in Indonesia is still inconsistent, especially in Law Number 12 of 1992 tends to favor large companies with financial and technological resources, while Law Number 29 of 2000 does not provide special treatment for small farmers who face procedural obstacles and high registration costs. Law No. 4/2006 has also not provided special protection to plant breeding farmers. Norm making to protect farmers in plant breeding is faced with several inhibiting factors. These factors include the lack of clear regulations on protecting the rights of traditional farmers, limited access to their participation in the rule-making process, and limited resources and legal knowledge. In addition, the dominance of industrial interests, slow bureaucracy, and lack of communication and socialization of regulations further exacerbate the gap, while favoring modern farmers ignores small and traditional farmers.

Chilli farming is an important sector in Ende District, but plant disease problems are often an obstacle that hampers productivity. Farmers often have difficulty recognizing the symptoms of disease in chili plants and determining appropriate treatment steps. To overcome this problem, this research aims to design and build a web-based expert system that can help diagnose chili plant diseases using the Forward Chaining method. This expert system was developed by collecting knowledge from agricultural experts and literature related to chili plant diseases, as well as applying the Forward Chaining method for the reasoning process. Users, especially farmers, can enter the symptoms experienced by chili plants into the system, then the system will produce a disease diagnosis and appropriate treatment recommendations based on these symptoms. This research uses a case study at Maju Tani Agriculture in Ende District to ensure that the expert system developed is relevant to local conditions. This system is implemented in the form of a web-based application so that it can be accessed easily by farmers using devices connected to the internet. The test results show that this expert system can provide accurate and efficient diagnoses, as well as assist farmers in making decisions to overcome chili plant disease problems. It is hoped that this system can increase agricultural productivity and reduce the risk of losses due to plant diseases.

This study aims to (1) determine the impact of limestone mining activities on the socio-economic conditions of clove farmers in Lahuafu Village and Kolono Village, Morowali Regency, (2) determine the income of clove farmers in affected villages, namely Lahuafu Village and the income of clove farmers in unaffected villages, namely Kolono Village for PT MBN (Mineral Bumi Nusantara) limestone mining activities. This research was conducted in Lahuafu Village and Kolono Village, East Bungku District, Morowali Regency from August to October 2023. This type of research uses qualitative data analysis which is strengthened by quantitative data analysis with a total of 43 respondents. With data collection techniques carried out by observation, interview and documentation methods. To determine the economic impact, an independent sample t-test analysis was used to determine whether or not there was a difference in income between the income of clove farmers in Lahuafu Village and Kolono Village. The results showed that the existence of limestone mining activities in Lahuafu Village has positive and negative impacts on the socio-economic conditions of clove farmers in Lahuafu Village and Kolono Village. The social conditions of clove farmers have positive and negative impacts on changes in education levels, health, living conditions and employment opportunities. In addition, the presence of limestone mining has a positive and negative impact on increasing the income of clove farmers in the affected village of Lahuafu Village and the unaffected village of Kolono Village

This research aims to determine strategies for developing beef cattle farming to increase farmers' income in Bangkali village, Watopute District, Muna Regency. Determining the research area was carried out purposively with the consideration that Bangkali Village, Watopute District, Muna Regency has great potential for the development of beef cattle. There were four informants in this research, including the Animal Husbandry Service, Breeders, Extension Institute and Financial Institutions. Data analysis uses Analitycal Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis. The results of the research show that the priority strategy for developing the beef cattle business to increase farmers' income in Bangkali Village, Watopute District, Muna Regency is capital/finance weight 316, Increasing Marketing weight 275, Increasing human resources weight 206, and increasing production weight 203 with an inconsistency of 0.02

This research will be conducted in all sub-districts in Larompong District, namely 13 sub-districts. The results of the study indicate that the level of satisfaction of rice farmers with the quality of agricultural extension services in Larompong District, Luwu Regency is in the satisfied category based on 15 attributes of questions answered by respondent farmers where the attribute with the highest level of farmer satisfaction is that extension workers conduct field visits to meet or attend meetings with farmers and farmer groups. The level of interest and performance towards agricultural extension services in Larompong District, Luwu Regency based on the analysis of Performance and Information In general, it shows that the level of performance of agricultural extension workers in Larompong District, Luwu Regency is satisfactory. Furthermore, from the results of the calculation of the gap between interests and performance, the gap in each service attribute is positive with a difference between performance and interests of 1.10 out of 5.0. This means that the satisfaction felt by farmers is greater than the performance of extension workers towards the interests of farmers. Based on the results of multiple linear regression, the independent variables that have a significant effect on the dependent variable are the variables Age, Education and Experience on the level of farmer satisfaction with extension services.

This research was conducted in Ponrang Selatan District, Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi from March to September 2024. The population in this study were farmers who received benefits from the Mandiri Benih Activity. The sample in this study was 234 samples. The results of the study showed that the Mandiri Benih Padi program in Ponrang Selatan District began in 2022 and was expanded in 2023 by involving 42 farmer groups in various villages. Although this program has been running and received a positive response from farmers, there are still several aspects that are not optimal, especially in terms of certification of harvest results as seeds. The effectiveness value of 54.96 places the program in the "Quite Effective" category, indicating that this program has provided significant results but has not reached its full potential. Respondents' perceptions of the program before implementation showed quite adequate results, but after the program was implemented, there was an increase in more positive perceptions regarding seed quality, productivity, and the overall agricultural process. This indicates that the Mandiri Benih Padi Activity has had a good impact on farmers, although there is still room for increased effectiveness.

Research on the pattern of development of empowerment of rice farmers towards income levels was carried out in Tombang Village, Walenrang District, Luwu Regency. This research was conducted from January to March 2024. The results of the study showed that rice farming in Walenrang District was profitable with variable costs of IDR 12,442,999 and fixed costs of IDR 407,471 so that the total costs incurred were IDR 12,850,470 and the production value was IDR 44,730,181 so that the net income received by farmers was IDR 31,879,711 per ha / planting season. Based on the t-test with regression analysis, the production factors that influence rice farming income in Walenrang District, namely Land area (X1), Labor costs (X2) and Capital (X3) have a significant effect on increasing production. Based on the F test on the regression analysis of production factors, the independent variables, namely land area (X1), labor costs (X2) and capital (X3), have a significant influence on increasing production in rice farming in Walenrang sub-district, Luwu district.

Bermi Village is one of the villages in Mijen District, Demak Regency. The existence of Bumdes in a village is currently important for the development and independence of the village. With quite a lot of village potential, including Sumur Gandeng, onion farmers, rice farmers, water hyacinth craftsmen groups, catering, and waste that is not managed properly. However, until today the lack of good management has become an obstacle for Bumdes in Bermi Village. In terms of legal aspects, improvements need to be made, and there are no productive businesses operating from the potential of Bermi Village. Based on this background, this service aims to help Bermi Village in increasing knowledge of Bumdes management, by conducting socialization and Discussion (Focus Group Discussion) of village potential which is used as a productive business plan to be implemented. The results of this service, as many as 92% of participants stated that they understood and understood the socialization given (with details of 35% very understanding, and 58% understanding), and it was decided that several business plans that would be implemented were the management of Bumdes cooperatives for productive businesses, management of Sumur Gandeng as a tourism business, and management of village-level waste as a form of non-productive Bumdes business. So that with this service, Bumdes becomes well organized in organizational administration.

Kampung Mosso is one of the villages located in the Jayapura city government area and is a border area between the Republic of Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. The people in Kampung Mosso work as farmers. The agricultural commodities cultivated in the village are sago, corn, bananas, cassava, etc. However, agriculture in the village is still only to meet the needs of life. Not many people in the village have cultivated agriculture, especially food crops, optimally. Therefore, this community service will try to offer a solution, namely training in the use of home ground land as a strategy to increase food security in border areas. The results of this community service showed that two groups of people in Kampung Mosso were able to cultivate fish and vegetables in buckets, but another group was not able to cultivate fish and vegetables in buckets. The suggestion that needs to be done from this activity is intensive assistance and monitoring to several community groups so that they become more proficient in agricultural and fisheries cultivation.