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Transmission line reconductoring is one of the strategic solutions to increase the capacity and efficiency of the power system without the need to build new infrastructure. This study aims to analyze and compare the performance of two types of conductors, namely ACSR Hawk and ACCC Amsterdam, used in the Suralaya-Cilegon 500 kV SUTET transmission line. The comparison is carried out by considering technical aspects including power losses, ampacity, horizontal and vertical sag values, and overall energy efficiency. The research methodology involved a literature study, collection of conductor technical data, calculation of resistance, current, and power losses, and simulation of sag values against temperature variations. In addition, economic analysis and field implementation aspects were also considered to assess the feasibility of using each conductor. The results show that Amsterdam's ACCC conductor has superior technical performance compared to Hawk's ACSR. ACCC is capable of delivering currents up to ±1300 A, compared to ACSR Hawk which is only ±800 A. The power loss value using ACCC is recorded at ±1.34 MW, lower than ACSR Hawk at ±1.79 MW. In addition, ACCC exhibits smaller sag values due to its lighter weight and higher tensile stress, making it more stable against temperature fluctuations. In terms of energy efficiency, the use of ACCC can save energy up to ±3942 MWh per year. By considering the technical advantages and long-term energy efficiency, this study recommends the use of Amsterdam ACCC as a reconductoring solution for high-voltage transmission lines, especially in systems that have high loads and require maximum reliability and efficiency.

The creation of Family Cards for couples resulting from serial marriages is an administrative policy of the government, but this policy raises legal problems. This is because serial marriages are still not officially recognized according to Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage. This policy is considered not to provide complete legal protection and has the potential to weaken the principle of legality in the Indonesian marriage legal system. This study aims to analyze the background of serial marriages, analyze the policies of the Dukcapil government in providing legal protection for serial marriages, and analyze the policy of issuing family cards for serial marriage couples. The type of research used is normative legal research using legislative, conceptual, and case study approaches. Data is collected through literature research and compiled qualitatively. The results of the study show that serial marriage occurs due to economic, religious, cultural, social, and lack of legal understanding. Many people choose it because it is considered practical, cheap, and religiously legal, even though it is not recognized by the state. Dukcapil can indeed issue Family Cards for serial couples for administrative needs, but that does not make the marriage legally valid. As a result, legal protections for wives and children remain weak, especially related to inheritance, alimony, child recognition, and civil disputes.  The Marriage Law requires registration for marriage to be legal, so the issuance of family cards for serial couples has the potential to cause multiple interpretations and conflicts of legal norms. The suggestions of this research are to improve legal education, simplify marriage registration, strengthen the role of religious/traditional leaders, and expand isbat nikah so that the family rights of serial couples are legally protected.  

The research project is titled Production Potential of Bitter Melons (Momordica charantia L.) Using POC Azolla and AB Mix on the Deep Flow Technique (DFT) System was carried out in Bungin, North Makale District, Tana Toraja Regency from May to August 2025. This study aims to determine the economic potential of bitter melon plants by providing AB Mix and POC Azolla nutrients in hydroponic methods and analyze the best influence of these nutrient combinations on the growth and production of bitter melon plants. The research method used was a Group Random Design (RAK) with four treatments, namely 100% AB Mix, AB Mix 80% + POC Azolla 20%, AB Mix 70% + POC Azolla 30%, and AB Mix 60% + POC Azolla 40%. The results of the study showed that P1 treatment (AB Mix 80% + POC Azolla 20%) had the best influence on the vegetative and generative growth of bitter melon plants. This treatment results in a higher average plant height, leaf count, and fruit weight than other treatments. This proves that the combination of Azolla liquid organic fertilizer (POC) with AB Mix is able to provide a balance of nutrients that support photosynthesis, tissue formation, and fruit quality. In addition, the application of the DFT hydroponic system has been proven to increase the efficiency of water and fertilizer use, reduce the risk of soil pest attacks, and produce more hygienic bitter melon products. These findings show that hydroponic cultivation innovation with the use of POC Azolla can be a sustainable solution in supporting food security while being environmentally friendly. Thus, this research makes an important contribution to the development of modern agricultural technology, especially in optimizing the production of vegetables with high economic value.

This study aims to analyze the contribution of the Amil Zakat, Infak, and Sedekah Institution of Nahdlatul Ulama in the Special Region of Yogyakarta (LAZISNU DIY) in supporting the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through the optimization of Islamic social fund management. The main issue examined is how the strategies, program models, and implementation carried out by LAZISNU DIY can generate tangible impacts on community empowerment across various aspects of sustainable development. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach with data collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, and institutional documentation. The findings reveal that LAZISNU DIY’s five core program pillars education, health, economy, environment, and humanitarian-da‘wah are systematically integrated with SDG targets. Concrete contributions are evident in poverty alleviation, improving access to and quality of education, providing inclusive health services, strengthening micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSME)-based economic empowerment, and promoting participatory environmental conservation. Several innovations, such as strengthening the Zakat, Infak, and Sedekah Management Network (JPZIS), fostering strategic collaboration with pesantren and local communities, and implementing digitalization in the donation system, have significantly enhanced the effectiveness and outreach of the programs. The study affirms that LAZISNU DIY is not merely a zakat distribution institution but also a social change agent that emphasizes Islamic values and local wisdom in advancing sustainable development. Thus, LAZISNU DIY’s role is increasingly relevant in supporting the global SDG agenda while simultaneously reinforcing community social resilience at the local level. Recommendations are provided to strengthen cross-sector collaboration and establish an SDGs indicator-based evaluation system to ensure program objectives.

Belawan Port is a strategic port in North Sumatra with export-import activities reaching 5,000 tons per year, making it an important terminal in supporting international trade and regional economic growth. This research examines the role of daily work reports in dry bulk cargo unloading operations at PT. Wahana Intradermaga Niaga Belawan as a Stevedoring Company (PBM) responsible for ensuring the smooth process of loading and unloading at the port. The research methodology employs library research approach and direct field observation. The dry bulk cargo unloading process involves the inaportnet system and operates for 24 hours with three work shifts. Activities include four main types of operations: stevedoring (transferring cargo from ship to wharf), cargodoring (transfer from wharf to warehouse), delivery (shipment outside the port), and receiving (acceptance from factory to warehouse). The daily report document is a list of all cargo unloading activities during 24 hours at wharf 112. Daily work reports function as structured documentation of daily activities, conveying work progress updates, supporting performance monitoring, and serving as a reference for operational evaluation. The report's usefulness includes strengthening accountability, reducing misunderstandings, early problem detection, consistency in task implementation, and orderly documentation of unloading activities. Operational preparation involves permit processing according to port regulations, equipment preparation such as hopper, conveyor belt, grab, excavator, wheel loader, and sling ropes. Supporting documents include Bill of Lading, Cargo List, Cargo Manifest, and various operational reports. Obstacles faced include the influence of bad weather, human resource constraints related to workforce professionalism, and land transportation barriers. Related institutions include cargo owners, PBM, shipping agents, port authorities, PT. Pelindo Belawan, and EMKL companies that coordinate to ensure smooth dry bulk cargo unloading operations.

Oil palm plantations play a vital role in Indonesia’s economy; however, the dominance of monoculture practices has led to environmental and social issues such as land degradation and unstable farmer incomes during the replanting period until the first harvest (TM1). To address these challenges, the oil palm–pineapple intercropping system has been developed as an alternative strategy to improve land-use efficiency, income diversification, and farming sustainability. This study aims to: (1) analyze the influence of land size, farmer age, farming experience, and rainfall on the productivity of the intercropping system; (2) develop sustainable landscape management strategies using SWOT and SWOT matrix analysis; and (3) provide data-driven policy recommendations to support sustainable oil palm plantations. The research methods include multiple linear regression analysis for socio-economic variables, correlation analysis for environmental factors (rainfall), and SWOT analysis to evaluate Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats  of the intercropping system. The results indicate that land size has a significant positive effect on production, while farming experience shows a significant negative effect. Rainfall has a strong positive correlation with yields, and SWOT analysis positions the intercropping system in a progressive quadrant with promising Opportunities for development. In conclusion, the oil palm–pineapple intercropping system has the potential to enhance productivity, stabilize farmer incomes, and support environmental sustainability. Therefore, diversification-based management strategies and supportive policies are essential to Strengthen the welfare of local communities.

The results of this study indicate that DT Peduli Jambi has not yet fully optimized the management of productive zakat, despite having a structured management system in place. Based on data analysis, several key factors were identified as obstacles to optimization. First, there is a lack of public trust in the institution, as reflected in the absence of significant growth in zakat collection over the past three years. This condition highlights the need for more effective communication and transparency strategies. Second, administrative challenges remain, such as a record-keeping system that is not yet fully integrated digitally and limited human resources with expertise in managing productive zakat. Third, resistance to change among beneficiaries persists, with approximately 30% refusing to adopt modern business management methods offered by the program. Fourth, there is a high dependency on assistance, with 40% of beneficiaries still heavily reliant on institutional mentoring. Fifth, participation in training programs remains low, with an average attendance rate of only 65%. Nevertheless, overall the program is categorized as “fairly successful” with an achievement score of 70 out of 100. This indicates that productive zakat holds great potential to promote economic empowerment of the community but has not yet been maximized due to structural and cultural barriers. Therefore, improvements are needed in transparency, capacity building of human resources, as well as persuasive and participatory approaches for beneficiaries, so that the goal of economic empowerment through productive zakat can be more effectively realized.

This qualitative research investigates the critical factors inhibiting ship arrival efficiency and their impact on shipping agency performance at PT. Berkah Tata Baruna Banten Branch. Through comprehensive interviews with maritime professionals, port operators, and agency management, the study examines three primary variables: pilot tugboat services, cargo loading-unloading productivity, and document processing efficiency. Utilizing thematic analysis and narrative synthesis, findings reveal significant operational integration challenges that directly affect agency performance metrics. The research demonstrates that synchronized maritime service delivery substantially influences stakeholder satisfaction and business sustainability. Results indicate that technological integration barriers, communication gaps, and human resource development needs constitute primary obstacles to optimal port performance. Beyond identifying constraints, the study highlights how fragmented coordination between service providers creates inefficiencies that extend vessel turnaround times and increase operational costs. Respondents emphasized that transparent communication channels, standardized documentation procedures, and adequate training programs are essential to building resilient port systems. Moreover, the research shows that investment in digital platforms for real-time data sharing could accelerate clearance processes, while workforce development initiatives would ensure higher service reliability. The study contributes theoretically by developing frameworks of integrated maritime service performance and practically by offering policy-oriented recommendations to strengthen agency competitiveness. Overall, the findings provide valuable insights for stakeholders seeking to enhance Indonesia’s maritime logistics capacity, aligning operational improvements with the nation’s broader economic and global shipping ambitions.

This research investigates the integration of renewable energy systems within coastal conservation areas through public-private partnership (PPP) frameworks to achieve dual objectives of environmental sustainability and economic development. The study addresses the critical challenge of balancing energy infrastructure development with ecological preservation in sensitive coastal ecosystems, where biodiversity and community livelihoods are often at risk due to increasing industrial and urban pressures. A mixed-methods approach is employed, combining case study analysis, stakeholder interviews, and economic modeling, to generate a comprehensive perspective on the opportunities and constraints of renewable energy deployment in these regions. Case studies highlight successful international practices of PPPs that have facilitated renewable energy projects while safeguarding marine and coastal ecosystems. Stakeholder interviews with government agencies, local communities, and private sector representatives reveal the importance of transparent governance, shared responsibility, and inclusive participation in ensuring long-term project sustainability. Economic modeling further demonstrates that well-structured PPP models can reduce implementation costs by 30–40% while adhering to biodiversity conservation standards and regulatory frameworks. Findings underscore that renewable energy projects, when embedded within collaborative governance structures, not only contribute to reducing carbon emissions but also create employment opportunities, stimulate local economies, and enhance community resilience. This study contributes to the sustainable development literature by providing an actionable framework for integrating renewable energy infrastructure in environmentally sensitive areas through PPPs. The proposed framework emphasizes adaptive policy design, capacity building, and equitable benefit-sharing, offering practical insights for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers seeking to reconcile energy needs with ecological protection in coastal regions.

This study examines the social, economic, and tourism impacts on the lives of the community in Penglipuran Tourism Village. The research highlights that the growth of tourism significantly increases local income by approximately 150–300%, fosters the creation of new business opportunities, and contributes to the preservation of Balinese culture and traditions. Tourism development not only strengthens the village’s cultural identity but also enhances social cohesion through community-based tourism initiatives. In addition, the adoption of digital technologies, such as cashless payment systems and electronic ticketing, has improved transaction efficiency, transparency, and market expansion, while also providing better services for visitors. Despite these benefits, several challenges have emerged, including growing environmental pressures, waste management issues, and the potential widening of economic inequality between residents directly involved in tourism and those who are not. These challenges indicate that tourism development can also create socio-economic gaps and place strains on the village’s natural resources if not managed carefully. Therefore, sustainable tourism management becomes crucial in balancing cultural preservation, economic equity, and environmental protection. This study suggests that policies integrating community participation, equitable economic distribution, and environmental sustainability are essential to ensure long-term positive impacts. Ultimately, Penglipuran Tourism Village can serve as a model for sustainable rural tourism development in Indonesia and beyond.

The digital era has significantly influenced the economic system, and one of the innovations arising is the development of smart ponds based on IoT technology. In Ujungwatu Village, the development of Tambak Bandeng Kalingga has become an innovative solution to optimize local potential, while also introducing advanced technology that is not widely known by the local community. The main goal of this development is to introduce the concept of IoT technology in pond management, which can enhance efficiency and the competitiveness of the bandeng pond products. The method used in this Community Service (PkM) project is branding and socialization, with a focus on introducing IoT technology and its benefits to the local community. This socialization and branding activity aims to enable the community to learn and apply IoT technology in their activities, particularly in pond management. The results of this PkM activity show that the use of the Tambak Bandeng Kalingga sector is growing, with Ujungwatu Village now recognized as a village that manages ponds based on IoT. In the month following the branding, 40 visitors were recorded, and the reels video created was watched 1,620 times, which is a positive outcome. Visitors who came were also able to understand how the IoT technology system works at Tambak Bandeng Kalingga, further supporting the sustainability and advancement of the village in managing modern, technology-based ponds.

Pulau Ketam, a small fishing village in Selangor, Malaysia, faces persistent economic challenges despite its abundance of marine resources and longstanding tradition of herbal knowledge. Limited access to modern markets, dependence on middlemen, and a lack of digital literacy have restricted the community’s ability to fully benefit from its local assets. This study aims to explore the implementation of digital branding strategies as a means of empowering local communities and strengthening the marketing of seafood and herbal products. Employing a community-based participatory approach, the research integrates digital marketing training, brand development workshops, and the establishment of an e-commerce platform tailored to local needs. Data collection was carried out through surveys of 150 local entrepreneurs, focus group discussions with community leaders, and performance metrics analysis over a six-month period. The intervention generated a 65% increase in online sales, a 40% improvement in product visibility, and notable progress in community digital literacy. Findings reveal that structured digital branding programs not only enhance entrepreneurial capacity and market competitiveness but also support the preservation of cultural identity and traditional knowledge systems. This study contributes to the growing body of literature on rural digital transformation by providing empirical evidence that community empowerment through technology adoption can lead to sustainable economic development. The results suggest that similar models can be replicated in other marginalized communities to bridge digital gaps, strengthen local economies, and promote inclusive growth.

This study examines two main issues related to palm oil trading transactions in Kuala Keritang Village, Indragiri Hilir Regency, Riau Province. The first issue concerns the analysis of pricing mechanisms in palm oil trading, while the second focuses on the review of Islamic business ethics in such transactions. The objective of this research is to understand in detail how the price determination system operates in the local palm oil market and to assess the extent to which these trading practices align with the principles of Islamic business ethics. To address these issues, a qualitative descriptive method was employed. This approach was chosen because it allows for a comprehensive description of facts, data, and trading mechanisms while providing space for critical analysis in relation to Islamic values. Data were obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation, which were then described, analyzed, and discussed in order to answer the research questions thoroughly. The findings indicate that, in general, palm oil trading practices in Kuala Keritang Village are similar to other common trading systems, but they differ in terms of price-setting mechanisms. In practice, the price of palm oil is largely determined by buyers based on market conditions, which often creates injustice for farmers as sellers. From the perspective of Islamic business ethics, this practice does not fully comply with the principles of fairness, honesty, and mutual benefit, which are essential foundations of Islamic economic transactions. The study concludes that violations of Islamic business ethics principles, particularly regarding fairness in pricing, still occur in palm oil trading within the village. Therefore, improvements are needed in the transaction system so that palm oil trading in Kuala Keritang can be carried out in accordance with sharia principles, ensuring justice and mutual benefit for both sellers and buyers.

Floods are one of the most common natural disasters and have a significant impact on the social, economic, and environmental aspects of society. This is particularly evident in the community of East Sorong District. East Sorong District is one of the areas frequently affected by floods, and this inevitably leads to numerous risks and consequences. There are several causes of flooding in the Sorong Timur District, including extreme rainfall, inadequate drainage systems due to trash blockages, uncontrolled land use changes resulting in overpopulation, and the loss of forest areas or green spaces that could function as water absorption zones. Additionally, the lack of flood control systems and weak oversight of development in flood-prone areas can exacerbate flood disaster risks. This study aims to analyze and measure the resilience of the Sorong Timur District in facing flood disasters through an evaluation approach focusing on infrastructure, service facilities, socio-economic factors, community capacity and preparedness, and institutional aspects. It was concluded that the infrastructure variable is still moderate, while the socio-economic variable, basic capacity, and community preparedness, as well as institutional capacity, are still low. Meanwhile, service facilities are also low. Overall, it can be concluded that the resilience of the Sorong Timur district in facing hydrometeorological disasters is weak.

In the Indonesian economic system, cooperatives play a crucial role as one of the pillars of the national economy, as mandated in Article 33 paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. This article emphasizes that "the economy is structured as a joint venture based on the principle of kinship," which serves as the constitutional basis for the existence and development of cooperatives in Indonesia. The research method used in this study is normative juridical, focusing on legal frameworks and regulations related to cooperatives. The results of the study indicate that the government holds an important and strategic role in regulating and supervising cooperatives to ensure the protection of the rights and obligations of cooperative members. Through regulatory instruments such as Law Number 25 of 1992 concerning Cooperatives, the government establishes cooperative principles, good governance standards, and oversight and development mechanisms. The government’s efforts are aimed at ensuring the operation of cooperatives is transparent, accountable, and beneficial to all members. Furthermore, the study found that despite these regulatory efforts, significant challenges remain in the cooperative sector. These include issues such as weak financial reporting, low literacy rates among cooperative members, and the dominance of local elites, which can hinder the equitable distribution of benefits. These challenges need to be addressed to ensure that cooperatives can fulfill their role as economic agents that contribute to national development in line with the principles of kinship and mutual benefit.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of zakat in reducing income inequality in Indonesia. The data used is secondary data from the National Amil Zakat Agency (BAZNAS) and the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) for the 2015–2024 period. The research method used multiple linear regression with the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) approach. The results showed that the distribution of zakat had a significant positive effect on the Gini Index (β = 0.0013511; p = 0.002), while the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita had a significant negative effect (β = –0.0000198; p = 0.000). An Adjusted R² value of 0.91 indicates that the model has a very strong ability to explain variations in income inequality. These findings show that although the collection and distribution of zakat has increased from year to year, its impact on reducing inequality has not been optimal. This can be caused by the limited amount of zakat funds collected compared to the real needs of the community and the distribution that is not fully on target. On the other hand, economic growth reflected in the increase in GDP per capita has proven to be still the dominant factor in reducing income inequality in Indonesia. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of optimizing zakat management so that it not only functions as a philanthropic instrument, but also as a sustainable economic instrument. BAZNAS and related institutions are expected to be able to strengthen the zakat distribution system through productive economic empowerment programs, so that zakat can make a real contribution in reducing inequality and supporting more inclusive development in Indonesia.

Background: Menstruation is the result of a complex interaction that involves the hormonal system and body organs, namely the hypothalamus, pituitary, ovaries and uterus. Things that affect the age of menarche are nutritional status, diet, family economic status, and sports activities.BMI is determined by body weight and height. The impact if young women experience early menarche, which is less than 12 years old, is at risk of developing breast cancer and ovarian cancer To find out the relationship between body mass index values ​​and the age of menarche in young women at Abulyatama Middle School, Aceh Besar district in 2023. This research method is analytic with a cross sectional study design. Using Independent Variables and dependent variables. Sampling technique Random sampling.Data analysis using Chi Square. Results The showed that out of 30 respondents whose body mass index was underweight, 13 respondents (43.3%) had overweight nutritional status, 10 respondents (33.3%) and normal nutritional status, 7 respondents (23.3%). Conclusion: the relationship between body mass index values ​​and menarche age in young women at Abulyatama Junior High School, Aceh Besar District. Based on the test results using Chi Square, it is known that P Value = 0.013, then Ho is rejected, Ha is accepted.

The development of hardware and software technology has developed rapidly in recent years. Currently, companies are still experiencing difficulties in processing data and information. Spare parts that are not available when needed can hinder maintenance and repair plans. For this reason, controlling spare parts inventory in the Asia Jaya Motor workshop company is very necessary to maintain the quality of goods. Asia Jaya Motor Workshop is a business operating in the automotive sector, where this place cannot be separated from an accurate information system. However, data management still uses manual methods, seeing the problems that occur at the Asia Jaya Motor Karawang Workshop, very high accuracy, convenience and speed are needed. The aim of this research is to obtain an effective and efficient spare parts inventory analysis so that spare parts procurement and control plans can be accurate in supporting maintenance and repair programs. The data collection techniques for this research are library research and field research. So, the total cost of spare parts inventory in the 2011-2014 period according to the Economic Order Quantity method for each spare part has increased. The total cost (total cost) of spare parts inventory according to the Economic Order Quantity method is lowest in the 2021 period and the total cost (total cost) of spare parts inventory is the highest in the 2023 period.

Corporate corruption poses a significant threat to economic stability and public trust. Traditional punitive sanctions, such as substantial fines or dissolution, often fail to achieve restorative justice and can lead to unintended consequences, including harm to innocent employees and stakeholders. This paper explores the imperative of developing alternative sanctions for corporations implicated in corruption cases, with a central focus on establishing a framework grounded in fairness. Through a normative juridical research method employing statutory, comparative, and conceptual approaches, this study analyzes the limitations of the current punitive paradigm. It examines various alternative sanctions, including Deferred Prosecution Agreements (DPAs), Non-Prosecution Agreements (NPAs), corporate monitorship, and mandatory compliance program overhauls. The findings indicate that these alternatives offer a more flexible and effective mechanism for balancing accountability with corporate rehabilitation. They create opportunities to incentivize self-reporting, cooperation, and genuine internal reform. This paper concludes that by integrating principles of proportionality, restorative justice, and forward-looking prevention into the legal framework, a fairer and more effective corporate sanctioning system can be developed. Such a system would not only penalize misconduct but also foster a culture of corporate integrity and contribute more effectively to the broader fight against corruption.

This study analyzes the application of the compound interest concept in evaluating capital growth among vegetable vendors at the MMTC Traditional Market in Medan, North Sumatra. The research highlights the low level of financial literacy among micro-entrepreneurs in Indonesia, which currently stands at only 38.03%, and its implications for business sustainability. Traditional market traders generally employ basic bookkeeping practices focused solely on daily cash flow, without considering the time value of money or the growth potential from systematic profit reinvestment. Using a mixed-methods approach, this study combines semi-structured interviews to explore existing financial management practices with quantitative modeling based on the discrete compound interest formula to simulate various capital growth scenarios. The analysis reveals that disciplined reinvestment strategies, even when initiated with modest capital and conservative growth rates, can lead to substantial capital accumulation within three to five years. Three primary barriers to capital growth were identified: limited understanding of financial mathematics, lack of long-term planning, and a tendency to prioritize immediate consumption over investment. This research underscores the transformative potential of compound interest principles for micro-enterprise development and recommends practical financial literacy training along with supportive financial ecosystems that encourage sustainable reinvestment practices.